Ake sihlole impilo yendlala yakho ye-prostate. Konke mayelana nokuhlolwa kwe-PSA!

Wake wezwa ngalokhu kuhlolwa kwe-PSA? Mhlawumbe udokotela wakho ukutshelile ngakho, noma mhlawumbe uke wezwa kumngane. Empeleni lokhu kuhlolwa okubaluleke kakhulu kithi madoda. Abantu abaningi abazi okuningi ngakho. Ngakho-ke, ake sixoxe ngakho namuhla ngendlela elula ongayiqonda? Akukho okufanele ukwesabe, into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuqaphela.

Kuyini ukuhlolwa kwe-PSA?

Kalula nje, i-PSA isifinyezo se-Prostate-Specific Antigen. Iyiprotheni ekhethekile emzimbeni wakho. Kodwa ayikho yonke indawo. Yenziwa yi-prostate gland yakho. Le gland itholakala kwabesilisa kuphela, futhi itholakala ngaphansi kwesinyi.

Le phrotheni ebizwa ngokuthi i-PSA ikhiqizwa yizicubu ze-prostate ezinempilo, kanye namangqamuzana omdlavuza we-prostate. Kodwa-ke, into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuthi uma kukhona umdlavuza we-prostate, leli zinga le-PSA livame ukukhiqizwa ngamanani aphezulu kunokujwayelekile.

Ngakho-ke, ukuhlolwa kwe-PSA kuwukuhlolwa kwegazi okulula okukala ukuthi ingakanani le phrotheni ye-PSA egazini lakho. Lokhu kungakusiza ukuthi ubone ukuthi izinga lakho le-PSA liphakeme yini. Odokotela benza lokhu kuhlolwa ukuze basize ekutholeni umdlavuza wendlala yesinye kusenesikhathi. Ngoba uma umdlavuza utholakala kusenesikhathi, kungenzeka kakhulu ukuthi welashwe futhi welapheke.

Udokotela uvame ukwenza ukuhlolwa kwe-digital rectal (DRE) kanye nokuhlolwa kwe-PSA. Yilapho udokotela ehlola khona i-prostate gland ngomunwe ogqokiwe nge-anus. Lokhu kungabona nanoma yiziphi izigaxa noma izinguquko ku-prostate gland.

Yiliphi izinga le-PSA elifanele iminyaka yakho?

Empeleni, akuwona wonke umuntu olingana nezinga le-PSA. Liyashintsha njengoba ukhula. Njengoba ukhula, kuvamile ukuthi izinga le-PSA yakho likhuphuke kancane kancane, noma ngabe awunayo umdlavuza wendlala noma ezinye izinkinga. Kodwa-ke, uma izinga lakho le-PSA liphezulu kakhulu kunalokho obekulindelekile, kungaba uphawu oluncane lokuthi ungase ube nomdlavuza wendlala. Kodwa akusho ukuthi umdlavuza, akunjalo?

Odokotela balinganisa amazinga e-PSA ngamayunithi abizwa ngokuthi ama-nanograms nge-milliliter yegazi (ng/ml).

Ukuhlolwa kwe-PSA kwenziwa nini?

Lokhu kuhlolwa kwe-PSA empeleni kuwukuhlolwa okuvamile kakhulu. Uma une-prostate, odokotela abaningi batusa ukuthi uthole lokhu kuhlolwa okungenani njalo eminyakeni emibili kuya kwemithathu, kusukela eminyakeni engu-50.

Cabanga ukuthi imiphumela yakho yokuhlolwa kwe-PSA ayijwayelekile. Ngakho udokotela uthi, "Ake sibheke lokhu ngokuningiliziwe." Ube esekutshela ukuthi wenze ukuhlolwa kwe-PSA kanye nezinye izivivinyo njalo ezinyangeni ezi-6, noma kanye ngonyaka.

Kodwa-ke, uma usengozini enkulu yokuba nomdlavuza wendlala, udokotela wakho angase akuncome ukuhlolwa kwe-PSA okuvamile kusukela eminyakeni engu-40-45. Ungase ube sengozini enkulu ngenxa yezizathu ezilandelayo:

• Uma othile emndenini wakho, okungukuthi, ubaba wakho, umfowenu, noma okungenani izihlobo ezimbili zezinga lokuqala, eke waba nomdlavuza wendlala yesinye.
• Uma ungumuntu omnyama. (Ezinye izifundo zikhombisile lokhu, kodwa akuvamile kuwo wonke umuntu, kungcono ukufuna iseluleko sezokwelapha.)

Futhi, uma usuvele unomdlavuza wendlala, odokotela basebenzisa isivivinyo se-PSA ukuze babone ukuthi ukwelashwa kwakho kusebenza kahle kangakanani nokuthi bahlole ukuthi umdlavuza ubuyile yini.

Izinto Okufanele Uzazi Ngaphambi Kokuhlolwa Kwe-PSA

Ngaphambi kokwenza ukuhlolwa kwe-PSA, kufanele utshele udokotela wakho lezi zinto ezilandelayo:

• Uma uthatha imithi yesimo esibizwa ngokuthi i-Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH), isibonelo, i-Finasteride (Proscar®) noma i-Dutasteride (Avodart®)
• Uma uthatha imithi efana ne-`(Finasteride (Propecia®))` yokulahlekelwa izinwele.
• Uma uke wahlinzwa i-BPH, isibonelo, i-Transurethral Resection (TUR).
• Uma usanda kwenziwa i-prostate biopsy, okungukuthi, phakathi namasonto ayisithupha edlule.
• Uma usanda kusebenzisa i-catheter yomchamo noma wenze noma iyiphi enye inqubo ethinta uhlelo lwakho lomchamo.
• Uma unesifo esithinta isibindi sakho, njenge-cirrhosis yesibindi, i-cystic fibrosis, noma i-hepatitis C.
• Uma okwamanje unesifo somgudu womchamo (UTI), noma uke waba naso ezinyangeni ezintathu ezedlule.

Le mithi kanye nezinqubo zingathinta amazinga akho e-PSA, okwenza kube nzima ngodokotela wakho ukukala ngokunembile amazinga akho e-PSA.

Ngakho-ke, udokotela wakho uzokunikeza imiyalelo ezinsukwini ezimbalwa ngaphambi kokuhlolwa ukuze akusize uthole imiphumela enembile kakhulu ngangokunokwenzeka. Le miyalelo ingafaka:

• Gwema noma yimuphi umsebenzi wocansi amahora angu-48 ngaphambi kokuhlolwa kwakho kwe-PSA. Lokhu kufaka phakathi ukushaya indlwabu. Ukukhipha i-ejaculation kungakhuphula amazinga akho e-PSA okwesikhashana.
• Gwema ukuzivocavoca amahora angu-48 ngaphambi kokuhlolwa kwe-PSA. Ukuzivocavoca ngamandla, ikakhulukazi ukugibela ibhayisikili, kungakhuphula amazinga akho e-PSA okwesikhashana.

Kwenzekani uma kwenziwa ukuhlolwa kwe-PSA?

Kulula kakhulu. Ukuhlolwa kwe-PSA kufana nokuhlolwa kwegazi okuvamile. Nakhu okwenziwa umhlinzeki wezempilo:

• Ngokuvamile, kukhethwa umthambo engalweni yakho bese isikhumba kuleyo ndawo sihlanzwa ngesibulali-magciwane.
• Bese kuthi, kusetshenziswa inaliti encane, kuthathwe igazi elincane emthanjeni.
• Ekugcineni, lelo sampula legazi lithunyelwa elabhorethri ukuze lihlaziywe.

Kuthatha isikhathi esingakanani ukuhlolwa kwe-PSA?

Ukukhishwa kwegazi kuthatha imizuzu embalwa kuphela. Ngemva kwalokho, abasebenzi bezokwelapha bangakucela ukuthi uphumule imizuzu embalwa ngaphambi kokuba uvuke uhambe.

Kwenzekani ngemva kokuhlolwa?

Ngemva kokususwa kwenaliti, kufakwa ucezu oluhlanzekile lwekotini noma i-gauze phezu kwendawo ukusiza ukuvimba ukopha. Bese kufakwa ibhandishi elincane.

• Kufanele ugcine lelo bhandeji amahora ambalwa, futhi ungalivumeli limanzi.
• Phuza amanzi amaningi ngemva kokunikela ngegazi.
• Futhi, gwema ukuzivocavoca amahora ambalwa ngemva kokuhlolwa kwegazi lakho, njengoba ukuzivocavoca ngemva kokunikela ngegazi kwandisa ingozi yalokhu okulandelayo:
• Ukukhathala
• Isiyezi
• Ukuquleka
• Isicanucanu nokuhlanza
• Ukopha
• Imivimbo

Ingabe zikhona izingozi zokuhlolwa kwe-PSA?

Kunezingozi ezincane noma izinkinga ezihlobene nokuhlolwa kwe-PSA. Hlola:

• Ngaphezu komdlavuza wendlala, ezinye izimo zingabangela amazinga aphezulu e-PSA. Isibonelo, i-benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), i-prostatitis, kanye nokutheleleka komgudu womchamo (UTIs). Lokhu ngezinye izikhathi kungabangela ukukhathazeka okungadingekile kanye nesidingo sokuhlolwa okwengeziwe.
• Ezinye izinhlobo zomdlavuza wendlala yesinye azibangeli ukwenyuka kwamazinga e-PSA. Lokhu kusho ukuthi noma ngabe ukuhlolwa kwakho kwe-PSA kukhombisa ukuthi amazinga akho ajwayelekile, ungase ube nomdlavuza (nakuba lokhu kungenakwenzeka).
• Ungase uzizwe unesicanucanu, unesiyezi, noma ukhathele ngesikhathi noma ngemva kokukhipha igazi.
• Kungase kube nobuhlungu noma ukuklwebheka endaweni yenaliti izinsuku ezimbalwa.

Zithini imiphumela oyitholayo? Futhi isho ukuthini?

Njengoba sesixoxile ngaphambili, amazinga e-PSA ayahlukahluka kuye ngeminyaka yakho. Uma izinga lakho le-PSA liphakeme kunalokho obekulindelwe eqenjini lakho leminyaka, akusho ukuthi unomdlavuza wendlala. Kodwa-ke, kungase kubonise ingozi eyengeziwe kancane. Uma kunjalo, udokotela wakho angase ancome ukuhlolwa okumbalwa okwengeziwe. Lokhu kungafaka:

• Ukuhlolwa kwezithombe: I-MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) noma i-Transrectal Ultrasound ingathatha izithombe ezinemininingwane ze-prostate yakho. Uma kutholakala izindawo ezisolisayo, udokotela wakho angase akucele ukuthi kwenziwe i-biopsy.
• I-Prostate Biopsy: Yilapho udokotela wakho ethatha isampula encane yezicubu ezivela ku-prostate yakho bese eyihlola ukuze athole amangqamuzana omdlavuza. Lena yindlela kuphela yokwazi ngokuqinisekile ukuthi unomdlavuza we-prostate bese unquma isigaba sawo.

Kuthatha isikhathi esingakanani ukuthola imiphumela yokuhlolwa kwe-PSA?

NgokuvamileKufanele uthole imiphumela yakho yokuhlolwa kwe-PSA zingakapheli isonto . Udokotela wakho cishe uzokushayela ucingo akucele ukuthi nihlele isikhathi sokuxoxa ngemiphumela.

Yiliphi izinga le-PSA elibonisa umdlavuza?

Izinga le-PSA eliphakeme akusho ukuthi unomdlavuza wendlala. Akukho zinga le-PSA elithile elingakutshela ukuthi unomdlavuza noma cha. Okuwukuphela kwendlela yokwazi ngokuqinisekile ukuthi unomdlavuza wendlala ukwenza i-biopsy yendlala.

Kodwa, nansi:

• Uma izinga lakho le-PSA liphakathi kuka-4 no-10 (ng/ml) , unethuba elingaphezu kuka-25% lokuthola umdlavuza wendlala.
• Uma izinga lakho le-PSA lingaphezu kuka-10 (ng/ml) , unethuba elingaphezu kuka-50% lokuthola umdlavuza wendlala.

Uma izinga lakho le-PSA likulezi zigaba, kubaluleke kakhulu ukukhuluma nodokotela wakho mayelana nokuhlolwa kwe-prostate biopsy.

Uzobona nini udokotela

Khuluma nodokotela mayelana nokuhlolwa kwe-PSA uma unezinye zalezi zimo:

• Uma une-prostate futhi uneminyaka engu-50 noma ngaphezulu (ezinye izincomo zithi ngemva kweminyaka engu-45).
• Uma usengozini enkulu yokuba nomdlavuza wendlala. (Ingozi yakho ingaba phezulu uma othile emndenini wakho eke waba nomdlavuza wendlala, noma uma ungumuntu omnyama. Khuluma nodokotela wakho ngalokhu.)
• Uma unezimpawu zomdlavuza wendlala.

Yiliphi izinga le-PSA okufanele ulinake?

Ngokuvamile, izinga le-PSA elingaphezu kuka-10 ng/ml libonisa ingozi ephezulu yomdlavuza wendlala. Kodwa-ke, ngisho nasemazingeni aphansi, udokotela wakho angase ancome ukuhlolwa okwengeziwe ngokusekelwe kwezinye izici.

Ziyini izimpawu zomdlavuza we-prostate wesigaba 1?

Esikhathini esiningi, umdlavuza we-prostate awubonisi zimpawu ezigabeni zawo zokuqala. Yingakho ukuhlolwa okufana nokuhlolwa kwe-PSA kubaluleke kangaka.

Izimpawu eziyisixwayiso zomdlavuza wendlala yesinye

Njengoba umdlavuza we-prostate uqhubeka, ungase ube nezimpawu ezifana nalezi:

• Izinguquko zomchamo: Lokhu kungafaka phakathi ukungalawuleki komchamo, ukugeleza komchamo okubuthakathaka, ubuhlungu noma ukushisa lapho uchama (i-dysuria), kanye nesidingo sokuchama njalo (ikakhulukazi ebusuku).
• Ubuhlungu esiswini esingezansi, ezinqeni, noma esifubeni: Lokhu kungasho ukuthi umdlavuza we-prostate ususakazekele kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba.
• Igazi emchameni noma esidoda: Umdlavuza we-prostate ungathinta izingxenye zesistimu yomchamo kanye nokuzala, okungabangela igazi emchameni (hematuria) noma igazi esidoda (hematospermia).
• Ubuhlungu bamathambo: Uma umdlavuza ususakazeke (umdlavuza we-prostate othuthukile), ungasakazeka uye emathanjeni futhi ubangele ubuhlungu.
• Ukwehla kwesisindo okungachazeki: Ukwehla kwesisindo ngaphandle komzamo kungaba uphawu lomdlavuza.
• Ukungasebenzi kahle kwe-Erectile kanye nobuhlungu ngesikhathi sokuphuma kwe-ejaculation (i-Dysorgasmia noma i-Orgasmalgia): Umdlavuza we-prostate ungenza kube nzima ukufeza nokugcina ukuma kwe-ejaculation ngesikhathi socansi. Ungabangela nobuhlungu ngesikhathi sokuphuma kwe-ejaculation.

Ngingawehlisa kanjani amazinga ami e-PSA ngokushesha?

Ayikho indlela eqinisekile yokwehlisa amazinga akho e-PSA. Kodwa-ke, ucwaningo oluthile lusikisela ukuthi ukwenza izinguquko ezithile endleleni yakho yokuphila kanye nokudla kungasiza ekwehliseni amazinga akho e-PSA. Nazi ezinye izeluleko:

• Yidla ukudla okwengeziwe okucebile nge-lycopene: I-Lycopene iyikhemikhali enikeza ezinye izithelo nemifino umbala wazo opinki noma obomvu. Kucatshangwa ukuthi inezakhiwo zokulwa nomdlavuza. Utamatisi (ikakhulukazi utamatisi ophekiwe), ikhabe, ama-apricot, i-grapefruit ebomvu, kanye ne-guava epinki kucebile nge-lycopene.
• Cabanga ngokudla okusekelwe ezitshalweni: Ukudla okucebile ngemifino, izithelo, kanye nemifino kungakhulisa amasosha omzimba wakho futhi kuvimbele ukukhula kwamangqamuzana omdlavuza.
• Thatha iVithamini D: IVithamini D iyasiza ekwakheni nasekulondolozeni amathambo aqinile, futhi iqinisa nesimiso somzimba sokuzivikela. Umzimba wakho wenza iVithamini D uma ubhekene nokukhanya kwelanga ekuseni. Ukudla okufana nenhlanzi enamafutha, ubisi oluqinisiwe, ubisi olusekelwe ezitshalweni, ujusi wewolintshi, okusanhlamvu, kanye ne-oatmeal kuqukethe iVithamini D. Udokotela wakho angase futhi akuncome ukuthi uthathe izithasiselo zeVithamini D.
• Khulisa umsebenzi womzimba: Ukuzivocavoca okumaphakathi kuya kokunamandla kungasiza ekwehliseni amazinga akho e-PSA. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukuhamba nsuku zonke, ukugijima, ukuphakamisa izinsimbi, kanye nemidlalo yokuzijabulisa.

Akukho neyodwa yalezi eziqinisekisiwe ngokuphelele ukuthi zizokwehlisa amazinga e-PSA, kodwa ziwusizo empilweni iyonke. Kuwukuhlakanipha ukufuna iseluleko sezokwelapha ngaphambi kokwenza noma yiziphi izinguquko ekudleni noma ukuqala noma yiluphi uhlelo lokuzivocavoca.

Izinto ezibaluleke kakhulu okudingeka uzikhumbule (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

Ukuhlolwa kwe-prostate-specific antigen (PSA) kuyithuluzi eliwusizo lokuhlola impilo ye-prostate yakho. Kungumqondo omuhle ukuthola ukuhlolwa kwe-PSA okuvamile uma usuneminyaka engu-50 (noma engu-40-45 uma unezici eziyingozi). Kodwa-ke, uma unesifo esiyingozi kakhulu, khuluma nodokotela wakho mayelana nokuthola ukuhlolwa kwe-PSA kusenesikhathi. Ukuze uthole imiphumela enembile kakhulu, landela imiyalelo kadokotela wakho ngokucophelela ngaphambi kokuhlolwa. Uma unemibuzo ngalokhu, udokotela wakho ukhona ukuze ayiphendule.

Ungesabi, into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuqaphela. Ukutholwa kusenesikhathi kungenza umehluko omkhulu!

I - Prostate, ukuhlolwa kwe-PSA, umdlavuza we-prostate, impilo yamadoda, izinga le-PSA, ukuhlolwa komdlavuza, ukuhlolwa kwegazi