Ake sifunde ngamaseli e-B ngendlela elula? Izivikeli ezincane zomzimba wakho!

Wake wazibuza ukuthi kukhona yini impi engabonakali eqhubekayo ngaphakathi emizimbeni yethu ngaso sonke isikhathi? Yebo, kuyiqiniso. Onogada abancane ngaphakathi emizimbeni yethu balwa namagciwane abangela izifo ezivela ngaphandle. Iqembu elibaluleke kakhulu phakathi kwalabo nogada yilawa maseli e-B. Namuhla sizokhuluma ngalawa maseli e-B nokuthi asivikela kanjani ezifweni.

Ayini ngempela amaseli e-B?

Amaseli e-B, njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili, awuhlobo lwamaseli amhlophe egazini lethu. Siwabiza nangokuthi `(ama-lymphocyte e-B)`. Lawa maseli e-B ayingxenye ebalulekile yesimiso sakho somzimba sokuzivikela, uhlelo lokuzivikela lomzimba olukuvikela ezifweni. Umsebenzi wawo oyinhloko ukukhiqiza amaprotheni akhethekile abizwa ngokuthi `(ama-antibodies)` ukuze alwe `(amagciwane)` ayingozi - izinto ezifana namagciwane, amabhaktheriya, kanye nezinambuzane - ezingena emzimbeni.

Amaseli e-B namaseli e-T ayizinhlobo ezimbili zamaseli ezingohlobo olukhethekile lwamaseli amhlophe egazi abizwa ngokuthi ama-lymphocyte. Lawa ma-lymphocyte alwa nabahlaseli namaseli angajwayelekile njengamaseli omdlavuza. Amaseli e-T abhubhisa amagciwane futhi axhumanise isimiso somzimba ngokuthumela izimpawu kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba. Amaseli e-B, ngakolunye uhlangothi, enza ama-antibodies ngokuphendula kuma-antigen. Ama-antigen afana namakhadi omazisi. Lawa ma-antibodies asiza isimiso sethu somzimba ukuthi siqaphele izinto emzimbeni wethu, ikakhulukazi izinto eziyingozi njengama-virus namabhaktheriya.

Yiziphi izinhlobo eziyinhloko zamaseli e-B?

Kulungile, manje usuyazi ukuthi ayini amaseli e-B. Kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko zamaseli e-B. Angamaseli e-plasma namaseli enkumbulo. Zombili lezi zinhlobo zisisiza ekuvikeleni ezifweni. Ake sibone ukuthi kanjani.

Amaseli e-plasma

Lawa maseli e-plasma yiwo akhipha ama-antibodies ngenxa yama-antigen okukhulunywe ngawo ngaphambili. Cabanga ngakho njengokudubula isitha ngokubona. Uma iseli le-B seliguqukile laba iseli le-plasma, lingakhipha ama-antibodies angaba ngu-2,000 ngomzuzwana! Akumangalisi lokho? Lawa maseli e-plasma abizwa nangokuthi ama-plasmacyte namaseli e-effector. Kodwa-ke, isikhathi sawo sokuphila sifushane kancane kunesamangqamuzana enkumbulo.

Amaseli enkumbulo

Igama lisikisela lokho, akunjalo? Lawa maseli enkumbulo akhumbula ama-antigen athile. Khona-ke, uma leyo antigen ibuya emizimbeni yethu esikhathini esizayo, isimiso sethu somzimba sokuzivikela singashesha, njengokungathi silungiselela, sithathe izinyathelo zokuzivikela. Njengoba nje singasabela ngokushesha esitheni esaziwayo. Lapho amaseli e-plasma enza ama-antibodies futhi elwa nabahlaseli ngaleso sikhathi, amaseli enkumbulo asisiza silwe izimpi zesikhathi esizayo. Isibonelo, nansi inani lemithi yokugoma esiyitholayo esebenzayo. Lokho okwenziwa umjovo ukungenisa isimiso sethu somzimba sokuzivikela ku-antigen ethile. Khona-ke amaseli ethu enkumbulo ayayikhumbula. Uma leyo pathogen ibuye ngempela kamuva, umzimba wethu ungahlasela ngokushesha ngokumelene nayo.

Kungani amaseli e-B ebalulekile kithi?

Amaseli e-B ayingxenye ebaluleke kakhulu yesimiso sethu sokuzivikela esiguquguqukayo. Manje ungase uzibuze ukuthi iyini isimiso sokuzivikela esiguquguqukayo. Kunezingxenye ezimbili eziyinhloko zesimiso sethu sokuzivikela. Esinye yisimiso sokuzivikela esingokwemvelo, kanti esinye yisimiso sokuzivikela esiguquguqukayo. Isimiso sokuzivikela esingokwemvelo sifana nomugqa wokuqala wokuzivikela, umugqa wokuqala wokuzivikela, ophendula kunoma yiluphi usongo. Kodwa isimiso sokuzivikela esiguquguqukayo sikhethekile kakhulu. Siyaqaphela usongo oluthile - okungukuthi, into efana negciwane noma igciwane elithile - futhi silwe nalo.

Ngakho-ke, okwenziwa amangqamuzana e-B ukukhiqiza amasosha omzimba abhubhisa leyo antigen noma igciwane elibophezele kuleyo antigen. Futhi, amangqamuzana e-B angakhumbula ama-antigen athile. Khona-ke, uma leyo pathogen ibuye emzimbeni, isimiso sethu somzimba sokuzivikela singavikela kahle kakhulu kuwo. Kalula nje, ngaphandle kwamangqamuzana e-B, umzimba wethu ubungeke ukwazi ukubona izitha ezithile, wenze izikhali ezithile (amasosha omzimba) ukulwa nawo, futhi ukhumbule lezo zitha futhi uthathe isinyathelo ngokushesha uma zibuya.

Amaseli e-B asebenza kanjani ohlelweni lokuzivikela komzimba?

Nakuba kuyinqubo eyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu, ake sizame ukuyiqonda kalula. Amaseli e-B, kanye namanye amaseli ohlelweni lokuzivikela komzimba, alwa nabahlaseli abayingozi abasigulisayo, kanye namaseli angajwayelekile njengamaseli omdlavuza. Uma iseli le-B 'selivuliwe', liba yiseli le-plasma, elenza ama-antibodies ekuphenduleni i-antigen, noma liba yiseli lememori, elikhumbula leyo antigen. Ngaleyo ndlela, uma libuya esikhathini esizayo, lingayibona ngokushesha futhi lilwe nayo.

Ngokuvamile, lapho amasosha omzimba edinga amaseli e-B ukuze alwe nomhlaseli, lezi ezinye zezinyathelo ezenzekayo:

• Okokuqala, iseli elikhethekile elibizwa ngokuthi iseli eliveza i-antigen (APC) linamathela ku-antigen yomhlaseli bese liyiphula libe yizicucu ezincane. I-APC bese inamathisela izicucu ze-antigen ku-molecule ebizwa ngokuthi i-Major Histocompatibility-II complex (MHC-II).
• Okulandelayo, amaseli e-T helper (nawo uhlobo lweseli le-T) ayangena futhi abopha kuleyo nhlanganisela ye-MHC-II. Lokhu kubopha yikho okusebenza amaseli e-T helper. Lawa maseli e-T helper abaluleke kakhulu ngoba yiwo abonisa amaseli e-B ukuthi 'aqale ukusebenza'.
• Iseli le-T elisebenzayo linamathela kuseli le-B. Lelo seli le-B libe seliqala ukwenza amakhophi alo, noma "ama-clone." Amanye ala maseli e-B aba amaseli e-plasma, angenza ama-antibodies. Amanye amaseli e-B aba amaseli enkumbulo futhi agcinwa emzimbeni.
• Ezinsukwini ezimbalwa ezilandelayo, amaseli e-plasma akhiqiza izigidi zama-antibodies. Ngayinye yala ma-antibodies yenzelwe ukubhubhisa kuphela i-pathogen ethile ekhiqize leyo antigen. Lokhu kusho ukuthi i-antibody eyodwa ingahlasela uhlobo olulodwa lwesitha kuphela.
• Lawa ma-antibodies anamathela ku-antigen noma engxenyeni ye-pathogen enophawu lwe-antigen. Uma esenamathele, i-pathogen ayisakwazi ukulimaza umzimba.

Cabanga ngakho njengomsebenzi wamaphoyisa. Okokuqala, kuvela isignali (ukuqashelwa kwe-antigen yi-APC). Bese kuba nethimba elikhethekile (amaseli e-T awusizo) eliqala ukusebenza, litshela elinye iqembu (amaseli e-B). Ingxenye yalelo qembu iya empini ngokushesha (amaseli e-plasma), kanti enye ingxenye ilungiselela izinsongo zesikhathi esizayo (amaseli enkumbulo).

Atholakala kuphi amaseli e-B?

Indawo yamaseli e-B iyahlukahluka kuye ngesigaba sawo sokukhula. Cabanga ngakho, uma useyingane, okungukuthi, esibelethweni sikamama wakho, amaseli e-B enziwa esibindini. Kodwa ngemva kokuzalwa, amaseli e-B akhula esicutshini esithambile, esithambile ngaphakathi kwamathambo ethu. Yilokho esikubiza ngokuthi umongo wamathambo. Aqala njengamaseli okuqala e-hematopoietic. Bese, ngenqubo ebizwa ngokuthi i-hematopoiesis, aba amaseli e-B. Uma esevuthiwe ngokugcwele, amaseli akho e-B aya ezingxenyeni ezibalulekile zesistimu yakho ye-lymphatic. Isibonelo, i-spleen nama-lymph node.

Yiziphi izifo ezivamile ezingavela ezihlobene namaseli e-B?

Uma kwenzeka into engajwayelekile kumaseli ethu e-B, kungaholela ezifweni zokuzivikela komzimba kanye nezinhlobo ezahlukene zomdlavuza. Ake sibheke lokho.

Izifo ezizenzakalelayo

Ngezinye izikhathi, yilokhu okwenzekayo. Amaseli ethu e-B enza ama-antibodies ngokuphendula ama-antigen kumaseli ethu anempilo. Bese, lawo ma-antibodies ahlasela amaseli ethu anempilo njengokungathi ahlasela igciwane eliyingozi. Kufana nokuhlasela umndeni wethu. Yilokho esikubiza ngokuthi izifo ezizimele. Nazi izibonelo ezimbalwa:

• I-Lupus
• I-multiple sclerosis
• Isifo samathambo esibizwa ngokuthi i-rheumatoid arthritis
• Isifo sikashukela sohlobo 1

Umdlavuza

Kunezinhlobo eziningana zomdlavuza ezihlotshaniswa nokukhula okungavamile kwamaseli e-B. Lokhu kusho ukuthi amaseli e-B aqala ukwanda ngokungalawuleki. Amanye awo yilawa:

• I-leukemia ye-lymphocytic ebukhali
• I-leukemia ye-lymphocytic engapheli
• I-Hodgkin lymphoma
• I-Non-Hodgkin lymphoma
• I-B-cell lymphoma `(i-B-cell lymphoma)`
• I-myeloma eminingi
• I-macroglobulinemia ka-Waldenström

Iyini ibanga elijwayelekile lamaseli e-B?

Umuntu omdala ojwayelekile unama-lymphocyte aphakathi kuka-1,000 no-4,800 nge-microliter ngayinye yegazi. Amaseli e-B akha cishe u-10% kuya ku-20% wama-lymphocyte akho aphelele.

Kodwa khumbula, uma inani lamaseli akho e-B lihlala liphezulu kakhulu noma liphansi kakhulu, kungasho ukuthi unesifo esithile. Udokotela kuzodingeka enze izivivinyo ukuze athole ukuthi uqinisile.

Yiziphi izivivinyo ezivamile zokuhlola impilo yamaseli ami e-B?

Udokotela wakho angakutshela ukuthi unawo ama-lymphocyte amangaki emzimbeni wakho ngokuhlolwa okulula okubizwa ngokuthi i-Complete Blood Count (CBC). Kodwa-ke, akunikezi ulwazi mayelana nezinhlobo ezithile zama-lymphocyte, njenge-B cells kanye nama-T cells.

Uma udokotela wakho esola ukuthi unesifo esihambisana nokungajwayelekile kwamaseli akho e-B, angase acele ezinye izivivinyo ezinikeza ulwazi mayelana nezinhlobo ezithile zama-lymphocyte, njengephrofayili ye-lymphocyte (izibalo zamaseli e-T ne-B), noma iphaneli ye-B-cell leukemia/lymphoma.

Yini esingayenza ukuze sigcine amaseli ethu e-B ephilile?

Azikho izindlela zemvelo ezamukelwa kabanzi 'zokukhulisa' amaseli e-B. Kodwa-ke, kunezinto ongazenza ukuze ugcine amasosha omzimba wakho ephilile futhi uvikele amaseli e-B osuvele unawo. Eziningi zalezi zinto zingase zibonakale zinengqondo, kodwa empeleni zivimbela amaseli e-B omzimba wakho, kanye nezinye izinsiza ezibalulekile zamasosha omzimba, ekuchithweni. Njengoba nje izimoto zethu zihlala isikhathi eside uma zinakekelwa kahle.

Ungenza lezi zinto ukuze ugcine amasosha omzimba wakho ephilile:

• Thola yonke imijovo yokugoma enconyiwe.
• Yidla ukudla okuhle nokunomsoco.
• Phatha kahle ukucindezeleka kwakho.
• Gwema ukuphuza utshwala, noma ulusebenzise ngokulinganisela.
• Gwema ukubhema (ugwayi, ukuvapha). Uma wenza kanjalo, yeka.
• Lala okungenani amahora ayisikhombisa kuya kwayisishiyagalombili njalo ebusuku.
• Zivocavoce okungenani imizuzu eyi-150 ngesonto.
• Geza izandla zakho njalo ngensipho noma usebenzise i-sanitizer yezandla.

Uyini umehluko phakathi kwamaseli e-T namaseli e-B?

Amaseli e-T, amaseli e-B, namaseli e-B womabili asivikela ezifweni ezibangela izifo. Kodwa enza imisebenzi ehlukene ohlelweni lokuzivikela komzimba. Amaseli e-T athumela izimpawu ezilawula impendulo yokuzivikela komzimba (lawa abizwa ngokuthi amaseli e-T awusizo) noma abhubhise ngqo amaseli anesifo noma athelelekile (lawa abizwa ngokuthi amaseli e-T ane-cytotoxic).

Kodwa amaseli e-B enza amaprotheni abizwa ngokuthi ama-antibodies ngenxa yama-antigen, okuyizimpawu ezitshela umzimba ukuthi umhlaseli ungene emzimbeni. Into ebalulekile ukuthi umhlaseli akavinjelwa ngqo yiseli le-B, kodwa ngama-antibodies enziwa yiseli le-B.

Okokugcina, izinto okufanele uzikhumbule

Ngakho-ke, ngaphandle kwamaseli e-B, imizimba yethu ibingeke ikwazi ukwenza ama-antibodies. Lawa ma-antibodies angamaphrotheni abaluleke kakhulu asiza ekulweni namagciwane ayingozi. Kanye namanye ama-lymphocyte namaseli amhlophe egazi, amaseli akho e-B yiwo akugcina ukhululekile ezifweni futhi akuvikele kumaseli angajwayelekile.

Ngakho-ke, nakekela amangqamuzana akho e-B. Yenza izinto nsuku zonke ezisiza ukugcina wonke amasosha omzimba wakho ephilile. Njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili, yidla kahle, ulale kahle, uvivinye umzimba, wehlise ukucindezeleka, futhi uthole imijovo yakho ngesikhathi. Lezi zinto ezilula zizonikeza lawa ma-lifters amancane emzimbeni wakho amandla amakhulu.

Amaseli e -B, ama-lymphocyte e-B, ama-antibodies, isimiso somzimba sokuzivikela, ama-lymphocyte, izifo ezibangelwa amagciwane, amaseli e-plasma, amaseli enkumbulo