Ingabe kufanele sazi kahle 'ngeMithambo Enwebekayo', ebalulekile ekujikelezeni kwegazi emizimbeni yethu?

Wake wazibuza ukuthi inhliziyo yethu ipompa kanjani igazi emzimbeni wethu wonke? Inhliziyo ayipompi igazi njalo nje, iyama okwesikhashana bese ipompa futhi. Ngisho nalapho, kukhona uhlobo olukhethekile lomthambo wegazi olusiza ukugcina igazi ligeleza ngendlela efanayo. Siyibiza ngokuthi 'imithambo yegazi eqina'. Ithola igama layo ngoba iyanwebeka futhi ifinyele njengebhande lerabha.

Ziyini lezi 'Mithambo Eqina'?

Kalula nje, 'imithambo yegazi ethambile' yimithambo yegazi emikhulu eguquguqukayo kakhulu, okusho ukuthi igoba kalula futhi yelule. Inhliziyo yakho ipompa igazi ngokushesha nangokushesha. Inani elikhulu legazi liphuma ngesikhathi esisodwa, kulandelwe ukuphumula okufushane. Kodwa amangqamuzana emzimbeni wethu adinga ukugeleza kwegazi okuqhubekayo. Le mithambo yegazi ethambile iyasiza ukumelana nokucindezela kwegazi elivela enhliziyweni eshayayo futhi igcine igazi ligeleza kahle. Cabanga ukuthi uma uvula impompi yamanzi, amanzi ageleza ngokushesha. Yileyo ndlela igazi eligeleza ngayo lisuka enhliziyweni. Le mithambo yegazi ethambile isebenza 'njenge -shock absorber' , inciphisa lokho kucindezela futhi ithumele igazi kweminye imithambo yegazi emincane.

Yiziphi izibonelo zemithambo enwebekayo? Zikuphi?

Kulungile, ziyini lezi mithambo yegazi ethambile? I-aorta , okuwumthambo wegazi omkhulu kunayo yonke emzimbeni wethu, iwumthambo wegazi othambile omkhulu. Ifana nombhobho wamanzi omkhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, imithambo yegazi yamaphaphu , ethwala igazi emaphashini, nayo ingeyalolu hlobo.

Manje ake sibone ukuthi lezi zitholakala kuphi. Le mithambo enwebekayo iseduze kakhulu nenhliziyo .

• I-aorta iqala ngaphezu kwenhliziyo bese igijima ngemuva nangaphansi kwayo. Ixhunywe ohlangothini lwesobunxele lwenhliziyo nge-valve ebizwa ngokuthi i-aortic valve. Le valve yilapho igazi elihlanzekile nelicebile ngomoya-mpilo lingena khona ku-aorta bese liqala ukuhamba emzimbeni wonke.
• Eminye imithambo enwebekayo isuka kule aorta, njengemigwaqo emincane ephuma emgwaqweni omkhulu. Lezi zitholakala kakhulu engxenyeni engenhla yesifuba sakho:
• Umthambo we-Brachiocephalic: Lokhu kuqala e-aorta arch.
• Imithambo ye-Subclavian (kwesokudla nakwesobunxele): Le mithambo itholakala eduze kwamathambo akho e-collarbone.
• Imithambo yegazi evamile ye-carotid (kwesokudla nakwesobunxele): Lena yimithambo yegazi eyinhloko ezinhlangothini zombili zentamo.
• Imithambo yegazi evamile ye-iliac (kwesokudla nakwesobunxele): Le mithambo yegazi isuka engxenyeni engezansi ye-aorta, okungukuthi, esifundeni sesisu.

• Imithambo Yemithambo Yezinhliziyo itholakala ngaphezu kwenhliziyo. Ixhunywe enhliziyweni ngevalvu ebizwa ngokuthi ivalvu yamaphaphu ohlangothini lwesokudla lwenhliziyo. Yilapho igazi elingenawo umoya-mpilo lithunyelwa khona emaphashini, lapho lifakwa khona umoya-mpilo.

Iyiphi inkonzo enikezwa yimithambo enwebekayo emizimbeni yethu?

Ngakho-ke, yini ngempela eyenziwa yilo mthambo othambile? Ibalulekile empilweni yethu . Le mithambo ethambile yenza umsebenzi omuhle wokuthwala umoya-mpilo nezakhamzimba kuwo wonke amaseli emzimbeni wethu. Cabanga nje, inhliziyo ipompa igazi eliningi ngomfutho ophezulu. Le mithambo ethambile kumele ikwazi ukumelana nalolo mfutho wegazi ophakeme kanye nomthamo wegazi .

Kalula nje, lezi zifana namapayipi amakhulu amanzi aletha amanzi edolobhaneni lakini. Kulawo mapayipi amakhulu, amanzi ahlukaniswe ngamapayipi amancane aletha amanzi ezindlini zenu. Kanjalo nje, le mithambo ethambile ithatha igazi bese ilihlukanisa ibe eminye imithambo emincane (imithambo yemisipha). Kulawo mithambo emincane, igazi liya ngisho nasemithanjeni yegazi emincane (ama-capillary) lapho amangqamuzana ethola khona umoya-mpilo.

Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi nakuba yonke eminye imithambo yegazi emzimbeni wethu ithwala igazi elinomoya-mpilo, i-Pulmonary Arteries kuphela ethwala igazi elingenawo umoya-mpilo . Umsebenzi wayo oyinhloko ukuthwala lelo gazi elingenawo umoya-mpilo liye emaphashini, lapho ligcwaliswa khona umoya-mpilo, bese libuyiselwa enhliziyweni.

Imithambo enwebekayo yakheka kanjani? Ibukeka kanjani futhi ingakanani?

Manje ake sibheke ukuthi yini engaphakathi kwale mithambo yegazi enwebekayo nokuthi yakheka kanjani. Njengeminye imithambo yegazi, imithambo yegazi enwebekayo inezendlalelo ezintathu eziyinhloko .

• Ingqimba engaphandle ('Adventitia'): Yilapho umthambo uthola khona amandla nesakhiwo sawo.
• I-Tunica Media: Lena yingxenye ekhetheke kakhulu. Lolu ngqimba luqukethe izicubu ezinwebekayo kanye nezicubu zemisipha . Kodwa-ke, emithanjeni enwebekayo, lolu ngqimba oluphakathi lunezicubu ezinwebekayo kakhulu kunezicubu zemisipha . Yingakho lubizwa ngokuthi 'i-elastic'. Lezi zindwangu ezinwebekayo yizo ezivumela umthambo ukuba weluleke futhi unciphe kahle.
• Ingqimba engaphakathi (i-Tunica Intima): Lokhu kubushelelezi kakhulu. Le ngqimba yenzelwe ukuvumela igazi ukuthi ligeleze kalula futhi ngaphandle kwesithiyo.

Le mithambo ethambile iqukethe iphrotheni ebizwa ngokuthi i-collagen kanye nemicu yemisipha emincane. Yilokhu okusiza izindonga zemithambo ukuthi zihlale ziqinile futhi ziguquguquka.

Ngakho-ke lezi zibukeka kanjani?

Imithambo yegazi eqina ifana namapayipi amakhulu, ayindilinga. Ayinalutho phakathi nendawo, futhi yilapho igazi ligeleza khona. Kodwa i-aorta ihlukile kancane. Ichazwa njengenduku enkulu yamaswidi enemilenze emibili.

Ingakanani?

Umthambo omkhulu kunayo yonke onwebekayo emzimbeni wethu, i-aorta, unobubanzi bangaphakathi obungaba amasentimitha angu-2.5 (cishe i-intshi). Udonga lwe-aorta lunobukhulu obungaba amamilimitha amabili. Cabanga ukuthi luqine kangakanani!

Yiziphi izifo nezimo ezivamile ezithinta imithambo yegazi enwebekayo?

Ngeshwa, ngisho nale mithambo ebalulekile enwebekayo ingadala izifo ezahlukahlukene. Ake sibone ukuthi ziyini:

• I-Aneurysm: Lokhu kwenzeka lapho udonga lomthambo luba buthakathaka futhi luqhuma njengebhaluni. Lokhu kuyingozi kakhulu ngoba lungaqhuma.
• Ukuhlukaniswa: Lokhu kwenzeka lapho izendlalelo zodonga lwemithambo yegazi ziqhekeka ngaphakathi, okubangela ukuba igazi livuza phakathi kwalezo zendlalelo.
• Izinkinga zamavalvu: Ukuvuza noma ukuqina kwevalvu ye-aorta noma ivalvu yamaphaphu.
• Izifo zenhliziyo ezizalwa nazo: Lezi yizifo zenhliziyo eziba khona lapho kuzalwa. Ngezinye izikhathi lezi zingathinta imithambo ye-aorta noma yamaphaphu.
• I-Vasculitis: Lokhu ukuvuvukala kwemithambo yegazi.
• Umfutho wegazi ophakeme: Lena inkinga abantu abaningi abanayo. Umfutho wegazi ophakeme ungalimaza imithambo yegazi.
• I-atherosclerosis: Lokhu kwenzeka lapho amafutha anjenge-cholesterol eqoqana ngaphakathi kwezindonga zemithambo yegazi, okwenza ukuthi ibe mincane. Lokhu kuyisithiyo esikhulu ekugelezeni kwegazi.
• Amahlule egazi: Uma amahlule egazi akheka ngaphakathi kwemithambo yegazi, ukugeleza kwegazi kungayeka ngokuphelele.
• Ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo: Uma inhliziyo iba buthakathaka, kuthinta nemithambo yegazi.

Ngakho-ke ziyini izimpawu zalesi simo?

Lezi zifo zingavela nezimpawu ezahlukene. Akuwona wonke umuntu ozobhekana nazo ngendlela efanayo. Kodwa-ke, nazi ezinye zezimpawu ezivamile:

• Ukushaya kwenhliziyo okusheshayo
• Ukuzizwa unesizungu (Ubumpumputhe)
• Ikhanda elibuhlungu
• Ukuzizwa ukhathele ngaso sonke isikhathi (Ukukhathala)
• Ubuhlungu besifuba
• Ukushaya kwenhliziyo
• Ukuphelelwa umoya
• Ukuqaqamba kwemilenze ngesikhathi sokuhamba

Odokotela bayihlola kanjani impilo yale mithambo enwebekayo?

Uma unalezi zimpawu, kufanele ubonane nodokotela. Angenza izivivinyo ezahlukene ukuhlola isimo semithambo yakho enwebekayo.

• Ukuhlolwa kwegazi: Hlola izinto ezifana namazinga e-cholesterol kanye namazinga kashukela.
• I-Angiogram: Kulokhu, kufakwa idayi ekhethekile emithanjeni yegazi bese kuthathwa i-X-ray ukuze kubonakale ukuthi kukhona yini ukuvaleka noma ukuvaleka noma yikuphi emithanjeni yegazi.
• I-MRI (I-Magnetic Resonance Imaging): Isebenzisa amasimu kazibuthe namagagasi omsakazo ukuthatha izithombe ezinemininingwane zangaphakathi lomzimba.
• 'I-CT Scan' (CT - I-Computed Tomography): Lokhu kufana nobuchwepheshe be-'X-ray', kodwa izithombe zithathwa ngezindlela ezahlukene futhi zihlanganiswe kukhompyutha ukuze kukhiqizwe isithombe esicacile.
• I-Ultrasound:Izithombe zemithambo yegazi zitholakala kusetshenziswa amaza omsindo.
• I-Echocardiogram: Lokhu ukuhlolwa kwenhliziyo nge-ultrasound. Kungahlola ukusebenza kwenhliziyo kanye nesimo sama-valve.
• I-X-ray yesifuba: Bona ubukhulu nesimo senhliziyo namaphaphu.
• 'EKG - I-Electrocardiogram': Ihlola umsebenzi kagesi wenhliziyo.
• Ukuhlolwa kwe-catheter yenhliziyo: Ithubhu elincane (i-catheter) lidluliselwa emthanjeni wegazi liye enhliziyweni ukuze kulinganiswe ingcindezi, futhi uma kudingeka, kwenziwa ne-angiogram.

Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha izifo ezinjalo?

Into engcono kakhulu ukuthi, kunezindlela zokwelapha eziningi zalezi zifo ezithinta imithambo yegazi enwebekayo. Kuyahlukahluka kuye ngohlobo kanye nobukhali besifo. Kunezindlela ezimbili eziyinhloko zokwelapha:

• Imithi: Odokotela banikeza imithi yezinto ezifana nomfutho wegazi ophakeme, ukwehlisa i-cholesterol, ukuvimbela ukujiya kwegazi, kanye nokunciphisa ubuhlungu.
• Ukuhlinzwa: Kwezinye izimo, isibonelo uma i-aneurysm isikhule kakhulu noma umthambo uvalekile kakhulu, kungase kudingeke ukuhlinzwa. Lokhu kungase kuhilele ukususa ingxenye eyonakele nokufaka ipayipi lokwenziwa (i-graft) noma ukufaka i-stent ukuze kwandiswe indawo evalekile.

Yiziphi ezinye izinto ezilula esingazenza ukuze sigcine imithambo yethu enwebekayo iphilile?

Lena yingxenye ebaluleke kakhulu. Akungcono yini ukuvimbela ukugula ngaphambi kokuba kwenzeke kunokuhlupheka ngemva kokuba sekwenzekile? Ngakho-ke, imikhuba emihle enhliziyweni nasemithanjeni yegazi yethu nayo ilungele le mithambo enwebekayo.

• Yidla ukudla okunamafutha amancane nosawoti omncane: Nciphisa ukudla kwakho okunamafutha amaningi, okuthosiwe, nokudla okumnandi ngangokunokwenzeka. Yidla imifino eminingi, izithelo, ubhontshisi kanye nokolweni ophelele.
• Vivinya umzimba njalo: Yenza okuthile okufana nokuhamba, ukugijima, noma ukubhukuda okungenani imizuzu engama-30 ngosuku.
• Lawula umfutho wegazi ophakeme: Uma unomfutho wegazi ophakeme, thatha imithi udokotela wakho ayinikezayo ngqo bese uphila impilo yakho njengoba uyalelwe.
• Lawula i-cholesterol ephezulu: Lokhu kuhilela nokudla kanye, uma kudingeka, imithi.
• Gwema ukubhema ngokuphelele: Ukubhema kuyingozi kakhulu emithanjeni yegazi.
• Lawula ukucindezeleka: Ukucindezeleka kakhulu akukuhle emzimbeni. Khulula ingqondo yakho ngezinto ezifana ne-yoga nokuzindla.

Uyini umehluko omkhulu phakathi 'kwemithambo yegazi eqina' kanye 'nemithambo yegazi yemisipha'?

Sesikhulume ngalokhu kancane ngaphambili. Imithambo Enwebekayo yimithambo emikhulu eseduze nenhliziyo. Inezicubu ezinwebeka kakhulu ongqimbeni oluphakathi (i-tunica media). Yingakho ikwazi ukwelula kahle kangaka.

Imithambo Yemisipha iyimithambo emincane ehlukana nemithambo enwebekayo. Ungqimba lwayo oluphakathi luvame ukwakhiwa izicubu zemisipha.. Kungokufinyeza nokukhulula le misipha lapho inani legazi eligeleza liye ezingxenyeni ezahlukene zomzimba lilawulwa khona. Kalula nje, imithambo enwebekayo isekela umfutho wegazi, kuyilapho imithambo yemisipha isiza ukusabalalisa igazi.

Ngakho-ke, yini into yokugcina okufanele uyikhumbule? (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

Ngakho-ke, manje usuyaqonda ukuthi le 'Mithambo Enwebekayo' ibaluleke kangakanani emizimbeni yethu. Inkonzo abayenzayo ayincane, ithwala umfutho wegazi ovela enhliziyweni futhi ithumela lelo gazi, kanye nomoya-mpilo, kuwo wonke amaseli emzimbeni.

Ngakho-ke, ukunakekela kahle imithambo yakho enwebekayo kuyitshalomali elihle olwenzayo empilweni yakho iyonke.

Uma uzigcina ziphilile, umzimba wakho uzothola igazi olidingayo ngaphandle kwezinkinga. Lokho kusho ukuthi ungahlala uphilile futhi ujabule. Ngakho-ke, sonke masinakekele imithambo yethu yegazi, akunjalo?

Imithambo yegazi enwebekayo, imithambo yegazi enwebekayo, inhliziyo, imithambo yegazi, i-aorta, imithambo yegazi yamaphaphu, umfutho wegazi, impilo, izifo zemithambo yegazi