Uyazi ngempela ngale "nto engwevu" engqondweni yakho? Ake sixoxe ngayo!

Sonke sinesithakazelo sokwazi ngobuchopho bethu, akunjalo? Uma sikhuluma ngobuchopho, kunezingxenye ezahlukene, nezindlela ezahlukene obusebenza ngazo. Namuhla sizokhuluma ngezicubu ezikhethekile ebuchosheni ezisisiza senze izinto eziningi ezibaluleke kakhulu, njengokwenza imisebenzi yethu yansuku zonke, ukucabanga, ukukhumbula, nokulawula imizwa yethu. Lokho kubizwa ngokuthi 'i-Gray Matter.' Cishe uke wezwa leli gama kudokotela noma kwenye indawo. Ngakho-ke, ake sibone ukuthi liyini?

Iyini le 'Gray Matter'?

Kalula nje, 'i-Gray Matter' uhlobo olubaluleke kakhulu lwezicubu ebuchosheni bakho nasemgogodleni - 'iSistimu yakho Yezinzwa Ephakathi' . Yilokho okukusiza ukuthi wenze imisebenzi yakho yansuku zonke ngendlela evamile. Uyazi ukuthi yini engaphakathi kuyo? Yakhiwe kakhulu yinani elikhulu 'lemizimba yezinzwa', 'ama-axon terminals', iziphetho zamaseli ezinzwa, kanye 'nama-dendrites'.

Manje cishe uzibuza ukuthi iyini iseli lemizwa (i-'neuron'). Cabanga ngale ndlela, iseli lemizwa lifana nesithunywa esincane. Linezingxenye ezintathu eziyinhloko:

• `Umzimba omkhulu wezinzwa` . Ngaphakathi kwalokhu kukhona `i-nucleus`. Njengesikhungo sokulawula somzimba wethu, le nucleus ilawula yonke imisebenzi yeseli futhi igcina ulwazi lwezakhi zofuzo lweseli.
• I-axon isakhiwo eside, esincane, esinamagatsha esithwala izimpawu zikagesi. Sifana nocingo lwefoni oluthwala imiyalezo.
• Kunezinhlobo eziningi ze -'dendrites' , njengamagatsha athola izimpawu ezivela kwamanye amangqamuzana. Lezi yizo eziqoqa ulwazi oluvela kwamanye amangqamuzana ezinzwa aseduze, njengokukhuluma nabantu abaseduze.

Ngakho-ke, le 'nto empunga' ithola igama layo ngoba inenani elikhulu lemizimba yamangqamuzana ezinzwa efana nale. Futhi, inombala ompunga kancane.

I-'Grey Matter' ikhula kanjani?

Le 'Grey Matter' iqala ukukhula kusukela isencane kakhulu. Okusho ukuthi, lapho ingane isesiswini sikanina, iqala ukukhula ngesikhathi 'sokukhula kwengane' . Ngemuva kwalokho, lapho ingane izalwa, inani lale 'Grey Matter' liyanda kuze kube yiminyaka engaba ngu-8 ubudala. Akugcini lapho, kuze kube yiminyaka engaba ngu-20 ubudala, ubuningi bale 'Grey Matter', okungukuthi, inani lamaseli ezinzwa axhumene ngokuqinile, buyanda. Lokhu kwanda kobuningi yikho okusivumela ukuthi sicubungule ulwazi ngokushesha ('ukucubungula okuphezulu') futhi sithuthuke ngokwengqondo.

Kodwa nansi into ebaluleke kakhulu okufanele uyikhumbule. Ama-neuron awaziphindiseleli noma azilungise ngokwawo. Lokho kusho ukuthi uma i-neuron yonakele noma ifa, ngeke kudalwe entsha ukuze ithathe indawo yayo. Yingakho kubaluleke kangaka ukunakekela ubuchopho bethu.

I-'Grey Matter' yobuchopho bomuntu ikhetheke kanjani?

Manje bheka, izinhlelo zezinzwa zezinye izilwane ezincelisayo, njengezimpuku namahlengethwa, zifana kancane nezethu. Kodwa-ke, kunomehluko omkhulu wesakhiwo ebuchosheni bomuntu. Uke wabona izithombe zobuchopho obunemibimbi eminingi, akunjalo? Kulezo mibimbi, izindawo "ezicwile" zibizwa ngokuthi "sulci" kanti izindawo "ezivuvukele" zibizwa ngokuthi "gyri." Lezi zingqimba ezincane ezibizwa ngokuthi "sulci" kanye "gyri" yilapho kutholakala khona amangqamuzana ezinzwa ebusweni bobuchopho. Yilokho esikubiza ngokuthi "into engwevu."

Cabanga ngale ndlela, kufana nokugoqa iphepha ukuze kufakwe izinto eziningi endaweni encane. Lena yindlela esingafaka ngayo ubuchopho obukhulu ekhanda elincane, futhi kusenza sikwazi ukugcina 'i-Gray Matter' eningi. Yingakho abantu benayo 'i-Gray Matter' eningi kunezinye izilwane ezincelisayo. Isibonelo, ubuchopho bomuntu bunenani eliphindwe cishe izikhathi eziyi-1000 'le-Gray Matter' ebusweni bobuchopho begundane! Akumangalisi yini lokho?

Uyini umehluko phakathi kwe-'Grey Matter' kanye ne-'White Matter'?

Kungenzeka ukuthi uke wezwa 'nge-White Matter'. Kokubili, 'i-Grey Matter' kanye 'ne-White Matter', kuyizingxenye ezibalulekile zobuchopho bakho kanye nomgogodla. Cishe u-40% wobuchopho bakho wakhiwe 'yi-Grey Matter', kanti amanye u-60% wakhiwe 'yi-White Matter'.

• Izinto ezimpunga ziqukethe imizimba yamaseli e-neuronal kanye nama-dendrite awo. Lawa ma-dendrite ayizakhiwo ezincane ezifana neminwe ezixhumana nama-neuron aseduze.
• Ngakolunye uhlangothi, 'i-White Matter' iqukethe 'ama-axon' amade amangqamuzana ezinzwa. Lawa yiwo athwala imiyalezo ezindaweni ezikude zobuchopho kanye nomgogodla.

Kukhona umehluko endleleni esebenza ngayo:

Ngenxa yokuthi i-'Grey Matter' iqukethe inani elikhulu lemizimba yamangqamuzana ezinzwa (lapho kukhona khona i-nucleus yeseli), ukucutshungulwa kolwazi kwenzeka lapha. Ikhono elikhethekile labantu lokucabanga nokucabanga lisekelwe kule 'Grey Matter'. Okusho ukuthi, konke esikuzwayo, esikubonayo, esikucabangayo, esikunyakazayo, esikufundayo, esikhulumayo nesikuqondayo kwenzeka ku-'Grey Matter'.

Indima 'ye-White Matter' ukuhlinzeka ngokuxhumana phakathi kwezindawo ezahlukene 'ze-Grey Matter', naphakathi 'kwe-Grey Matter' nezinye izingxenye zomzimba. Njengemigwaqo ethwala imiyalezo.

Umehluko wombala:

I-'Grey Matter' ithola umbala wayo ompunga ngenxa yobuningi bemizimba yamangqamuzana ezinzwa. I-'White Matter' ithola umbala wayo omhlophe ngenxa yesembozo esivikelayo esibizwa ngokuthi 'i-myelin sheath' ezungeze 'ama-axon'.

Kwenzekani ku-'Grey Matter'?

'I-Grey Matter' egijima kulo lonke uhlelo lwakho lwezinzwa oluphakathi ibalulekile ekulawuleni ukunyakaza kwakho, ukugcina inkumbulo, nokulawula imizwa . Izindawo ezahlukene zobuchopho zinomthwalo wemisebenzi ehlukene. Ngakho-ke, 'i-Grey Matter' idlala indima enkulu kuyo yonke imisebenzi yabantu.

Ikuphi i-'Grey Matter'?

Izinto ezimpunga zitholakala ebusweni bobuchopho bakho, kanye nasezingxenyeni zangaphakathi zobuchopho kanye nomgogodla.

Ubuchopho:

Izingxenye ezingaphandle nezijulile zobuchopho ziqukethe izinto ezimpunga. Ama-fold kanye nama-depth ebuchosheni - abizwa ngokuthi i-gyri kanye ne-sulci - akhiwe ngezinto ezimpunga. Lezi zakhiwo zandisa indawo engaphezulu futhi zivumela amangqamuzana amaningi ezinzwa, okunikeza abantu izinga eliphezulu lokusebenza kobuchopho kunezinye izilwane ezincelisayo.

I-Grey Matter igxile kakhulu ku:

• I-Cerebellum : Lena yingxenye yobuchopho bakho elawula izinto ezifana nokunyakaza kwakho kanye nokulinganisela. Ngokumangalisayo, le cerebellum encane inamaseli ezinzwa amaningi kunawo wonke amanye amalungu obuchopho bakho ehlangene!
• `Ubuchopho` : Lena yingxenye enkulu yobuchopho. Ihilelekile ezintweni ezifana nokucabanga, ukwenza izinqumo, ulimi, kanye nenkumbulo.
• `I-Brainstem` : Lokhu kuxhumanisa ubuchopho nomgogodla. Le ngxenye ilawula imisebenzi ebalulekile njengokuphefumula nokushaya kwenhliziyo.

Umhlonzo:

I-'Grey Matter' iyisakhiwo esifana nophondo esitholakala kuyo yonke intambo yomgogodla (into emhlophe itholakala ngaphandle). Entanjeni yomgogodla, ihlukaniswe ngezigaba ezithile:

• Ikholomu engwevu engaphambili : Yilokhu okuthumela izimpawu emisipheni futhi kulawula ukunyakaza.
• `Ikholomu engwevu engemuva` : Yilapho sithola khona imizwa evela emzimbeni njengokuthinta, ubuhlungu, kanye nokushisa.
• `Ikholomu engwevu eseceleni` : Lokhu kuhlobene nesimiso sezinzwa esizimele, okungukuthi, nezinto esingazilawuli ngamabomu (isib. ukushaya kwenhliziyo, ukujuluka).

Yiziphi izimbangela zokulahleka/ukulahleka kwezinto ezimpunga?

Uma amangqamuzana ezinzwa ku-'Gray Matter' efa, 'atrophies' , okusho ukuthi ancipha ngobukhulu. Isizathu esiyinhloko sokuthi amangqamuzana ezinzwa afe ukuthi ancishiswa ukuphakelwa kwegazi . Ngenxa yokuthi lawa maseli ezinzwa asebenza njalo, adinga umoya-mpilo omningi (ovela egazini) ukuze asebenze kahle. Uma ukuphakelwa kwegazi kunqamuka ngokuzumayo, isibonelo, 'ngesifo sohlangothi' noma 'ukuphuma kwegazi ebuchosheni' , lawa maseli angafa noma alimale.

Amaseli emizwa ampunga ayafa ngokwemvelo njengoba sikhula, kodwa angamaseli aphila isikhathi eside emizimbeni yethu.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunezinye izimo eziningana ezihlobene nomonakalo we-grey matter:

• Isifo i-Alzheimer's : Lesi yisimo lapho izinhlobo ezimbili zamaprotheni – i-amyloid protein kanye ne-tau protein – zinqwabelana ngendlela engavamile ebuchosheni. Lokhu kubangela ukuthi amangqamuzana ezinzwa entweni empunga afe.
• Isifo sikaParkinson : Lesi sifo sibangelwa ukulahlekelwa amangqamuzana ezinzwa engxenyeni yobuchopho ebizwa ngokuthi i-substantia nigra, equkethe i-grey matter. Yisifo esithinta ukunyakaza.
• I-Multiple Sclerosis (MS) : Abantu abaningi bazi i-MS njengesifo esisusa i-myelin esithinta izinto ezimhlophe. Kodwa-ke, ucwaningo olusha lukhombisile ukuthi ilimaza nezinto ezimpunga, ikakhulukazi izinto ezimpunga ezijulile ebuchosheni.
• Ukulimala Kobuchopho Okwenzakalisayo (i-TBI) : Ukushaywa okukhulu ekhanda kungabangela umonakalo ku-grey matter ngenxa yokopha ngaphakathi kobuchopho . Lokhu kungaholela ngisho nasenqubweni ebizwa ngokuthi i-apoptosis (ukufa kweseli okuhleliwe) .

Yiziphi izici ezivamile zomonakalo 'we-Gray Matter'?

Ngokuvamile, ukulimala kwento empunga kungabangela izimpawu ezifana nalezi:

• Ukulahlekelwa yinkumbulo : Ngezinye izikhathi uyakhohlwa izinto, akunjalo? Izinto ezincane zivamile. Kodwa uma into empunga yonakele, lokhu kukhohlwa kungaba kubi kakhulu, futhi ungase ungakwazi ngisho nokukhumbula izinto ezintsha.
• `Ukukhubazeka kwengqondo` : Lokhu kusho izinkinga ngolimi (ubunzima bokuthola amagama, ubunzima bokuqonda okushiwoyo), ubunzima bokugxilisa ingqondo, ubunzima bokucabanga nokwenza izahlulelo ngendlela enengqondo, kanye nobunzima bokwenza izinqumo eziyinkimbinkimbi.
• Izinkinga zemisipha : Kungaba nzima ukwenza imisebenzi ehilela amakhono emisipha emihle (isib., ukunamathisela izinkinobho zehembe, ukubhala, ukubamba indebe).

Ungayihlola kanjani impilo ye-'Gray Matter'?

Odokotela bavame ukusebenzisa i-MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) ukuhlola impilo yento yakho empunga kanye nento emhlophe. Lokhu kuhlolwa kungasiza ekuxilongeni izimo ezifana nesifo sikaParkinson kanye ne-multiple sclerosis (MS).

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ezinye izivivinyo ezingahlola impilo kanye nokusebenza kwezinto ezimpunga yilezi:Ziyi-'functional MRI (fMRI)' kanye ne-'positron emission tomography (PET)' .

Ingabe umonakalo wezinto ezimpunga ungalashwa?

Lokhu kuyinto edabukisayo kancane. Ngeshwa, okwamanje ayikho indlela yokwelapha noma yokubuyisela umonakalo we-grey matter. Njengoba ngishilo ngaphambili, uma amangqamuzana ezinzwa efa, awaphinde avuke. Futhi, amangqamuzana ezinzwa awahlukani futhi awaphindaphindeki njengamanye amangqamuzana emzimbeni wethu.

Ngakho-ke, okuwukuphela kwendlela yokwelapha izimo ezihlobene nomonakalo noma ukulahlekelwa kwezinto ezimpunga ukuphatha izimpawu.

Ungayigcina kanjani i-'Gray Matter' iphilile?

Kodwa, akudingeki silahle ithemba! Nakuba singenakukuvimba ngokuphelele ukulahleka kwezinto ezimpunga, kunezinto eziningi esingazenza ukuze sigcine le ngxenye ebalulekile yobuchopho bethu iphilile.

Ukutholakala kwegazi kanye nomoya-mpilo ofanele kubalulekile empilweni ye-'Gray Matter'. Ngakho-ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukulawula izici eziyingozi ze -'cerebrovascular disease' . Nazi ezinye izinto ongayenza ukuze wenze lokhu:

• Uma unomfutho wegazi ophakeme (umfutho wegazi ophakeme), yilawule.
• Ukuzivocavoca njalo .
• Ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kotshwala .
• Ukugcina isisindo esinempilo esikufanele.
• Ukulala kahle ebusuku .
• Ukulawula amazinga kashukela egazini lakho kanye ne-cholesterol .
• Gwema ukubhema , noma uyeke uma wenza kanjalo.
• Ukuzama ukunciphisa ukucindezeleka .

Nakuba izinto ezimpunga zincipha ngokwemvelo ngokuguga, ucwaningo luye lwabonisa ukuthi abantu abaneminyaka engu-65 nangaphezulu abazivocavoca njalo banenani elikhulu lezinto ezimpunga kunalabo abangenazo. Lobu bufakazi busikisela ukuthi ukuhlala umatasa impilo yakho yonke kungasiza ukugcina izinto zakho ezimpunga ziphilile futhi kukusize uphile isikhathi eside.

Futhi, ukufunda izinto ezintsha namakhono amasha phakathi nenkathi yamasonto, hhayi amahora ambalwa nje, kungathuthukisa impilo ye-"Gray Matter" yakho. Nakuba lolu hlobo lokuvuselela ingqondo lungadali amangqamuzana amasha ezinzwa, lungadala ukuxhumana okusha phakathi kwamangqamuzana ezinzwa akhona. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi "ubuchopho obuqinile / i-neuroplasticity ."

Okokugcina, izinto okufanele uzikhumbule

'I-Grey Matter' iyisicubu esibalulekile ebuchosheni bakho nasemgogodleni esikuvumela ukuthi uxhumane nomhlaba okuzungezile. Yisisekelo sayo yonke imisebenzi yengqondo. Izimo zezokwelapha ezahlukahlukene zingathinta 'i-Grey Matter' yakho. Kodwa-ke, okuvamileUngasiza ekuvikeleni impilo yobuchopho bakho ngokulandela indlela yokuphila enempilo, njengokuzivocavoca nokugcina isisindo esinempilo esikufanele.

Uma wena noma othandekayo wakho ninezimpawu ocabanga ukuthi zingase zihlobene nokuphazamiseka kobuchopho, sicela ubonane nodokotela ukuze uthole iseluleko. Yilokho okungcono kakhulu ongakwenza.

Ubuchopho , Izinto Ezimpunga, Uhlelo Lwezinzwa, Amaseli Emizwa, Intambo Yomgogodla, Inkumbulo, Ukucabanga, Impilo Yobuchopho, Izinto Ezimhlophe, Izifo Zezinzwa