Ingabe ingane yakho encane inenkinga yama-hormone? Ake sixoxe ngodokotela we-endocrinologist wezingane!

Ngezinye izikhathi uma sicabanga ngezifo ezitholwa yizingane zethu, ikakhulukazi lapho zibonakala ziyinkimbinkimbi kancane, sizizwa sinomthwalo omkhulu ezinhliziyweni zethu, akunjalo? Izinkinga ezihlobene nama-hormone ziyafana. Kodwa asikho isidingo sokukhathazeka. Ngoba kukhona ochwepheshe abangakusiza wena nomntwana wakho ngezikhathi ezifana nalezi. Lowo uhlobo lomuntu ongudokotela wezifo zabantwana , noma njengoba sisho ngesiNgisi, "udokotela wezifo zabantwana". Ngakho-ke namuhla, ake sixoxe kabanzi ngalochwepheshe.

Ubani i-Endocrinologist yezingane?

Kalula nje, uchwepheshe wama-hormone ezingane udokotela oxilonga futhi elapha izifo ezihlobene nama-hormone ezinganeni nasebancane , okungukuthi, izinkinga ohlelweni lwe-endocrine. Uma ingane yakho inezinkinga zokuthomba , izinkinga zokukhula , izimo ezifana nesifo sikashukela , noma esinye isimo esihlobene nama-hormone nezindlala eziwakhiqizayo, lo chwepheshe angasiza.

Ngakho-ke iyini le-endocrinology?

I-Endocrinology igatsha lezokwelapha elifunda uhlelo lwe-endocrine emizimbeni yethu. Lolu hlelo lwakhiwe yizindlala ze-endocrine, izitho ze-endocrine, nama-hormone. Cabanga ngakho njengendlela ekhethekile yokuthi imizimba yethu idlulisele imiyalezo.

Izindlala ze-Endocrine

Lezi yizicubu ezikhethekile emzimbeni wethu ezikhiqiza ama-hormone bese ziwakhipha egazini. Kunezinhlobo eziningana eziyinhloko zezindlala:

• Izindlala ze-adrenal: Lezi yizindlala ezimbili ezincane ezitholakala ngaphezu kwezinso zethu. Zikhiqiza ama-hormone aphendula ekucindezelekeni, kanye nama-hormone alawula amazinga kasawoti.
• Indlala ye-pituitary : Le ndlala encane, efana nethambo etholakala ngaphansi kobuchopho ilawula ezinye izindlala eziningi, ngakho-ke ngezinye izikhathi ibizwa ngokuthi "indlala enkulu."
• I-thyroid : Le ndlala emise okwebhabhathane etholakala ngaphambili entanyeni ikhiqiza ama-hormone alawula izinga umzimba osebenzisa ngalo amandla.
• Izindlala ze-Parathyroid: Lezi zindlala ezine ezincane ezitholakala ngemuva kwendlala ye-thyroid zilawula amazinga e-calcium emzimbeni.

Izitho Ze-Endocrine

Lezi zitho zikhiqiza nama-hormone futhi zenze neminye imisebenzi ekhethekile.

• I-Pancreas : Lesi sitho esitholakala esiswini esingaphezulu sihlotshaniswa nesifo sikashukela.Ikhiqiza i-hormone i-insulin .
• I-Hypothalamus: Le ngxenye yobuchopho ilawula indlala ye-pituitary.
• Ama-ovary : Ingxenye yesimiso sokuzala sabesifazane esikhiqiza ama-hormone ocansi.
• Amasende : Ingxenye yesimiso sokuzala sabesilisa esikhiqiza ama-hormone ocansi.

Ama-hormone

Ama-hormone afana nezithunywa zamakhemikhali emizimbeni yethu. Ahamba esuka kwenye indlala aye kwenye ngegazi futhi athinta esinye isitho noma izicubu eziqondiwe. Ama-hormone athinta izinqubo eziningi ezibalulekile emizimbeni yethu. Nazi izibonelo ezimbalwa:

• I-Metabolism : Inqubo umzimba oguqula ngayo ukudla kube amandla bese usebenzisa lawo mandla.
• Ukukhula: Indlela esikhula ngayo sibe bade futhi imizimba yethu ikhula ngayo.
• Ukuzala ngokocansi: Izinto ezifana nokuthomba kanye nekhono lokuzala.
• Ukulala: Ukulawula imijikelezo yethu yokulala nokuvuka.

Uyini umehluko phakathi kochwepheshe wama-hormone ezingane kanye nochwepheshe wama-hormone ajwayelekile?

Lolu udaba olubaluleke kakhulu. Izingane azisibo abantu abancane. Indlela imizimba yazo ekhula ngayo nendlela ama-hormone azo asebenza ngayo ihluke kakhulu kweyabantu abadala. Izinkinga zama-hormone izingane ezibhekana nazo zingahluka nalezo abantu abadala ababhekana nazo. Ochwepheshe bama-hormone ezingane bangodokotela abathole ukuqeqeshwa okukhethekile kokuthi lezi zinkinga zama-hormone zihlobene kanjani nokukhula kwezingane. Ngakho-ke, banganikeza ukwelashwa okuqondile kwezingane.

Yini eyenziwa uchwepheshe wama-hormone ezingane? Yiziphi izimo abazelaphayo?

Uchwepheshe we-endocrine yezingane uxilonga, elapha, futhi aphathe izimo ezahlukahlukene ezithinta uhlelo lwe-endocrine yengane. Ake sibheke ezinye zalezi zimo.

Izinkinga ze-adrenal gland

Izindlala zethu ze-adrenal zikhiqiza ama-hormone amaningi abalulekile. Ezinye zezinkinga ezingase zivele ngalezi zindlala zifaka:

• Isifo sika-Addison: Lokhu kwenzeka lapho umzimba wengane ungakhiqizi ama-hormone amabili anele, i-cortisol (i-hormone ephendula ekucindezelekeni) kanye ne-aldosterone (i-hormone elawula amazinga kasawoti).
• I-Congenital adrenal hyperplasia: Lesi yisimo sofuzo esithinta ukukhiqizwa kwengane kwama-hormone i-cortisol, i-aldosterone, kanye ne-androgen (uhlobo lwe-hormone yesilisa).
• I-Cushing's syndrome: IzimpawuLokhu kubizwa nangokuthi `(Hypercortisolism)`. Okwenzekayo lapha ukuthi umzimba wengane ukhiqiza i-hormone `(Cortisol)` eningi kakhulu.

Izimo zamathambo ne-calcium

Ama-hormone amaningi adlala indima ekugcineni amathambo ethu eqinile nokugcina amazinga e-calcium afanele.

• I-Hypercalcemia: Isimo lapho izinga le-calcium egazini lengane liphakeme kunokuvamile.
• I-Hypocalcemia: Isimo lapho izinga le-calcium egazini lengane liphansi kunejwayelekile.
• Ama-Ricket: Lesi yisifo esibangelwa ukuntuleka kweVithamini D. Lokhu kungabangela ukuba amathambo ezingane abe buthakathaka futhi agobe.

Isifo sikashukela kanye nezimo ze-metabolic

Ochwepheshe bama-hormone ezingane nabo baphatha izinkinga ezihlobene nokusetshenziswa kwe-metabolism, okuyindlela umzimba okhiqiza ngayo amandla. Isifo sikashukela siyisifo esivame kakhulu.

• Isifo sikashukela sohlobo 1: Lokhu kwenzeka lapho amasosha omzimba wengane (ukuhlasela okuzenzakalelayo) ebhubhisa amaseli kumanyikwe enza i-insulin. Ngenxa yalokho, imanyikwe awekwazi ukukhiqiza i-insulin.
• Isifo sikashukela sohlobo 2: Kulesi simo, i-pancreas ikhiqiza i-insulin, kodwa umzimba awukwazi ukuyisebenzisa kahle. Lokhu kuvame ukuhlotshaniswa nokukhuluphala ngokweqile.
• Ukukhuluphala ngokweqile: Isimo esiyinkimbinkimbi, sesikhathi eside lapho amafutha amaningi emzimbeni eqongelela khona futhi elimaza impilo. Lokhu kungaxhunyaniswa nokungalingani kwama-hormone.

Izinkinga zokukhula kocansi

Ngezinye izikhathi, izingane zingase zithole ukukhubazeka ekukhuleni kwazo ngokocansi. Isibonelo, isimo esibizwa ngokuthi izitho zobulili ezingavamile . Lesi yisimo esingavamile sofuzo. Kulesi simo, izitho zobulili zangaphandle zomntwana zingase zingabi nokubukeka okuvamile kowesilisa noma kowesifazane, kodwa zingase zivele endaweni ethile phakathi. Uchwepheshe wama-hormone ezingane angaxilonga izimo ezinjalo futhi anikeze iseluleko nokwelashwa okudingekayo.

Izinkinga ze-endocrine zofuzo

Ezinye izinkinga zamahomoni zingabangelwa izici zofuzo.

• I-Turner syndrome: Lesi simo sithinta amantombazane kuphela. I-chromosome eyodwa noma zonke ze-X azikho. Lokhu kuthinta izinto ezifana nokukhula kanye nokusebenza kwesibeletho.
• I-Prader-Willi syndrome: Lesi futhi yisimo sofuzo. Sithinta ukugaywa kwe-metabolism yengane, okubangela izinguquko zomzimba nezokuziphatha (isib. indlala enkulu, izinkinga zokukhula).

Izinkinga ezihlobene nokukhula kanye nokuthomba

Ama-hormone abaluleke kakhulu ekukhuleni nasekuthuthukisweni kwengane futhi ukuze ifinyelele ekuthombeni ngesikhathi esifanele. Izinkinga ezingavela kulokhu zifaka:

• Ubude obufushane:Ingane imfushane kunezingane ezineminyaka efanayo nobulili obufanayo ezingama-95%. Kungaba nezizathu eziningana zalokhu, esinye sazo ukuntuleka kwama-hormone.
• Ukuthomba ngaphambi kwesikhathi : Uma intombazane ibonisa izimpawu zokuthomba (isib. ukukhula kwamabele emantombazaneni, ukwandiswa kwamasende kubafana) ngaphambi kweminyaka engu-8, noma umfana ngaphambi kweminyaka engu-9, kubhekwa njengokuthomba ngaphambi kwesikhathi.
• Ukuthomba okulibazisekile : Uma ukuthomba kungaqali kuze kube sekwephuzile kakhulu kunokujwayelekile, okusho ukuthi intombazane ayikabonakali izimpawu zokuthomba eneminyaka engu-13 noma umfana eneminyaka engu-14, kungase kube ukuthomba okulibazisekile.

Izinkinga ze-pituitary gland

Njengoba sesixoxile ngaphambili, i-pituitary gland ikhiqiza ama-hormone amaningi abalulekile. Uma kunenkinga ngokusebenza kwale gland, kungavela izimpawu ezahlukahlukene.

• Isifo sikashukela insipidus: Lokhu akufani nesifo sikashukela. Okwenzekayo lapha ukuthi umzimba ulahlekelwa umchamo omningi futhi awukwazi ukugcina amanzi kahle. Ukoma ngokweqile nakho kuyisibonakaliso salokhu.
• I-Hypopituitarism: Ukukhiqizwa okunganele kwehomoni elilodwa noma ngaphezulu yi-pituitary gland kungathinta ukukhula, ukusebenza kwe-thyroid, ukusebenza kwe-adrenal, ukuthomba, kanye nokulawula ukoma.

Izimo ze-thyroid

Izinkinga ziyavela kungakhathaliseki ukuthi inani lama-hormone akhiqizwa yi-thyroid gland liphansi noma liphezulu.

• I-Goiter: Indlala yegilo ekhulisiwe. Lokhu kungenzeka kunoma yisiphi isimo lapho amazinga ama-hormone ejwayelekile, aphansi, noma aphezulu.
• I-Hypothyroidism: Indlala yegilo ayikhiphi ama-hormone egilo anele egazini. Lokhu kungabangela ukuthi umzimba wehlise ijubane, kubangele ukukhuluphala, futhi kubangele ukuqunjelwa.
• I-Hyperthyroidism: Isimo lapho i-thyroid gland ikhiqiza khona i-hormone ye-thyroid eningi kakhulu bese iyikhipha iye egazini. Lokhu kungabangela ukushaya kwenhliziyo okusheshayo, ukwehla kwesisindo, kanye nokujuluka okukhulu.

Yini okufanele uyilindele uma uvakashela uchwepheshe wama-hormone ezingane okokuqala?

Uma wena nomntanakho nihlangana okokuqala nochwepheshe wama-hormone ezingane, udokotela uzokubuza okuningi ngezimpawu zengane yakho, umlando wezokwelapha womndeni, kanye nemithi ingane yakho eyithathayo njengamanje . Uzokwenza nokuhlolwa ngokomzimba . Ngezinye izikhathi, ukuhlolwa kwegazi kanye nokuskena kunganconywa. Ungakhathazeki, konke lokhu kwenzelwa ukuthola umbono ongcono ngesimo sengane yakho.

Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukutshela udokotela yonke imininingwane oyaziyo, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi incane kangakanani. Kuzobasiza ukuthi bathole ukuxilongwa okunembile.

Uba kanjani uchwepheshe wama-hormone ezingane?

Kuhle futhi ukwazi lokhu. Isazi se-endocrinologist yezingane ngumuntu oqala ngokuqeda iziqu zezokwelapha ezijwayelekile (iminyaka emi-4-5) bese eqeqeshwa ngokukhethekile kwezokwelapha izingane (cishe iminyaka emi-3). Ngemuva kwalokho, badinga ukuqeqeshwa okukhethekile iminyaka emi-3 (ubungane) kwi-endocrinology yezingane, okungukuthi, izifo zama-hormone ezingane. Lokhu kuqeqeshwa kumele futhi kuvunyelwe yikhansela lemfundo yezokwelapha eliqashelwayo (njenge-Accreditation Council of Graduate Medical Education - ACGME). Ngaphezu kwalokho, isitifiketi esivela ezikhungweni eziqashelwayo njenge-American Board of Pediatrics (ABP) naso siqinisekisa ubuchwepheshe babo. Kungenxa yalolu qeqesho olude ukuthi bathola ulwazi olujulile ngalo mkhakha oyinkimbinkimbi.

Kodwa ezweni lakithi, okungukuthi, eSri Lanka, indlela yokuba yi-Consultant Paediatric Endocrinologist ihlukile kancane. Kwenziwa nge -PGIM (Post Graduate Institute of Medicine) exhumene ne-University of Colombo.

ESri Lanka, lolu hambo luhamba ngale ndlela:

1. Iziqu Eziyisisekelo (MBBS & Internship): Okokuqala, kufanele uthole iziqu ze-MBBS esikoleni sezokwelapha, uqedele i-internship edingekayo, bese ubhalisa ne-SLMC.

2. Ukuhlolwa Kokungena (Ukuhlolwa Kokukhetha): Ngemuva kwalokho kufanele uphumelele "Ukuhlolwa Kokukhetha Kwe-MD (Paediatrics)" okwenziwa yi-PGIM. Lolu ukuhlolwa okuncintisanayo.

3. Ukuqeqeshwa Kwabantwana Okuvamile - Umbhalisi: Uma usuphumelele ukuhlolwa, uzoba neminyaka engaba mi-3 yokuqeqeshwa (Isikhathi Sombhalisi). Kulokhu, uzofunda kakhulu ngezingane ezijwayelekile.

4. Ukuhlolwa kwe-MD: Ekupheleni kwale minyaka emi-3, kuba nokuhlolwa kwe-"MD (Paediatrics)". Ukupasa lesi yisiqu esiyisisekelo sokuba "udokotela ochwepheshe".

5. Ukukhethwa Kwezifundo Ezikhethekile: Ngemva kokudlula i-MD, umuntu kufanele anqume ukuthi uzoya kuphi. Lapho, umuntu kufanele akhethe izifundo ezikhethekile ezibizwa ngokuthi "i-Paediatric Endocrinology" (ama-hormone ezingane). (Lokhu kuyatholakala ngokusekelwe ku-Merit kanye nezikhala).

6. Ukuqeqeshwa Kwangemva Kokuhlolwa Kwe-MD - Umbhalisi Omkhulu: Yilapho ukuqeqeshwa okukhethekile kwama-hormone kuqala khona. Lokhu kuvame ukuthatha iminyaka emi-2-3.

   • Ukuqeqeshwa Kwendawo:Udinga ukusebenza cishe unyaka wonke eyunithi yama-hormone ezingane esibhedlela esikhulu eSri Lanka.

   • Ukuqeqeshwa Kwaphesheya: Kumelwe uthole ukuqeqeshwa unyaka owodwa noma emibili phesheya (ngokuvamile e-UK noma e-Australia) esikhungweni esaziwayo.

7. Isitifiketi Sebhodi: Uma konke lokhu sekuqediwe, uzoqinisekiswa njengo-"Uchwepheshe We-Endocrinologist Wezingane Oqinisekisiwe Yibhodi" yi-PGIM.

Ngakho-ke, njengenqubo evamile okukhulunywe ngayo ngaphambili, naseSri Lanka, lolu uhambo oludinga ukuzinikela okukhulu eminye iminyaka engu-6-7 ngemuva kwe-MBBS.

Ngakho-ke, yini into ebaluleke kakhulu okufanele uyikhumbule kulokho esikhulume ngakho? (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

• Uma ucabanga ukuthi ingane yakho inenkinga ehlobene nama-hormone, ukukhula, ukuthomba, noma isifo sikashukela, qala uthintane nodokotela womndeni wakho noma udokotela wezingane.
• Uma becabanga ukuthi kuyadingeka, bazokudlulisela kudokotela wezifo zezingane.
• Laba ochwepheshe bangodokotela abanolwazi olukhethekile kanye nokuqeqeshwa ngezinkinga zama-hormone ezinganeni. Bangakwazi ukuhlonza ngokunembile isimo sengane futhi banikeze izinhlelo zokwelapha kanye nokuphatha ezingcono kakhulu.
• Khumbula, izinkinga zama-hormone zezingane zihlukile kwezabantu abadala, ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukufuna usizo lochwepheshe.

Ngakho-ke, uma ingane yakho inanoma yiziphi zalezi zimo, ungesabi, futhi funa iseluleko sezokwelapha esifanele. Kunezixazululo zakho konke! Ama-hormone, Izingane, Ukukhula, Ukuthomba, Isifo Sikashukela, Uhlelo Lwe-Endocrine, Uchwepheshe We-Hormone Yezingane