Wake wazibuza ukuthi umzimba wakho wakhiwa kanjani, noma ukuthi amangqamuzana akho aphinde akhule kanjani njengoba ukhula kusukela ebuntwaneni uye ekubeni umuntu omdala? Ngempela, umzimba wethu uwumsebenzi wobuciko omangalisayo. Ingxenye eyisisekelo yalo mklamo—okungenzeka ukuthi wake wezwa ngawo—yilokho esikubiza ngokuthi ama-Stem Cells .
Ayini Ngempela Ama-Stem Cell?
Kalula nje, uma umzimba wakho uyisakhiwo esikhulu, amaseli esiqu ayisisekelo. Angamaseli "ezinto zokusetshenziswa" zomzimba ahlukile, akwazi ukukhiqiza amanye amaseli anemisebenzi ekhethekile. Cabanga ngale ndlela: umzimba wakho uqukethe amaseli ayizigidigidi, futhi phakathi kwawo, amaseli esiqu anamandla angavamile okudala izinhlobo zamaseli ezikhethekile ezingaphezu kuka-200, njengamaseli egazi noma amaseli ethambo. Uhlobo olulodwa lweseli lesiqu lwakha umzimba wakho wonke kusukela ekuqaleni, kanti ezinye izinhlobo zisebenza njengeqembu lokulungisa, lenza ukulungisa noma kuphi lapho umzimba wakho uwadinga khona.
Asebenza Kanjani Amaseli E-Stem?
Amaseli e-stem anamakhono amabili ahlukile angekho amanye amaseli anawo:
- Okokuqala, zingahlukana futhi zakhe amakhophi aqondile azo. Ngenkathi amangqamuzana avamile ehlukana, anesikhathi sokuphila esilinganiselwe. Nokho, amangqamuzana okuqala angazivuselela unomphela.
- Okwesibili, yiwona kuphela amaseli akwazi "ukuhlukaniswa" (okukhethekile). Lokhu kusho ukuthi uma izicubu zonakele, zingakha amaseli amasha athile adingekayo ukuze zithathe indawo yazo. Nazi ezinye izibonelo ezibalulekile:
- Amaseli e-Hematopoietic stem (abizwa ngokuthi "hee-muh-tuh-poy-tik") anesibopho sokudala amaseli egazi lakho (abomvu namhlophe) nokusekela amasosha omzimba wakho.
- Amaseli okuqala ayisisekelo asekela amaseli esikhumba sakho, abalulekile ekuvuseleleni isikhumba kanye nokuphulukiswa kwamanxeba .
- Amaseli e-Mesenchymal stem (abizwa ngokuthi "meh-zen-kai-mul") asiza ekwakheni amathambo, i-cartilage , imisipha, kanye namaseli amafutha.
Kungani Amaseli E-Stem Ebaluleke Kangaka?
Amaseli e-stem awabalulekile nje kuphela ekwakheni nasekulondolozeni imizimba yethu, kodwa abalulekile ocwaningweni lwezokwelapha. Abacwaningi bawafunda ngezizathu eziningana ezibalulekile:
- Ukuqonda ukuthi izifo zenzeka kanjani: Ngokukhulisa amaseli okuqala elabhorethri nokubona ukuthi aguquka kanjani abe izicubu noma izitho ezithile zomzimba, abacwaningi bangaqonda kangcono ukuthi izimo ezifana nesifo sikashukela , isifo senhliziyo , noma izifo zezinzwa ziqala kanjani futhi ziqhubekela phambili kanjani ezingeni lamaseli.
- Ukushintsha amaseli alimele noma agulayo: Lena yindawo enkulu yesithembiso. Abacwaningi baphenya ukuthi bangawaguqula kanjani amaseli okuqala abe izinhlobo ezithile zamaseli ukwelapha ukulimala noma izimo ezingamahlalakhona. Cabanga ngekusasa lapho, isibonelo, isikhumba esisha sikhulela khona ukwelapha ukusha okukhulu, ukulimala komgogodla kulungiswa kancane, noma izimo ezifana nesifo sikaParkinson ziphathwa ngempumelelo kusetshenziswa ukwelashwa kwamaseli okuqala.
- Ukuhlola imithi emisha kanye nokwelashwa: Abacwaningi basebenzisa ama-stem cell ukuhlola imithi emisha ukuze bathole ukuphepha nokusebenza kahle. Ngokusebenzisa ama-stem cell akhethekile—isibonelo, amaseli aguqulwe ngofuzo ukuze alingise isifo esithile—ososayensi bangahlola ukuthi ukwelashwa kusebenza kanjani futhi bathole imiphumela emibi ngaphambi kokuhlolwa kwezokwelapha, okungase konge isikhathi kanye nezindleko ekuthuthukisweni kwemithi.
Yiziphi Izinhlobo Eziyinhloko Zamaseli E-Stem?
Odokotela bahlukanisa amaseli okuqala ngokusekelwe emthonjeni wawo noma emakhonweni awo okusebenza. Nazi izinhlobo eziyinhloko okufanele uzazi ngazo:
- Amaseli okuqala e-embryonic (pluripotent):Lawa maseli anamandla amangalisayo okuba cishe yinoma yiluphi uhlobo lwamaseli emzimbeni, njengesikhumba, inhliziyo, noma amangqamuzana obuchopho. Igama elithi "Pluri" lisho "okuningi," kanti elithi "amandla" lisho "amandla." Abacwaningi bavame ukuthola lokhu egazini lentambo noma emibunguni enikelwe nge- In Vitro Fertilization enikelwe ucwaningo.
Qaphela: Ukusetshenziswa kwamaseli okuqala e-embryonic kuyindaba yempikiswano eqhubekayo yokuziphatha nesayensi emhlabeni wonke. Ngenxa yalokho, ukusetshenziswa kwawo kulawulwa ngokuqinile futhi kwenziwa ngaphansi kweziqondiso zokuziphatha eziqinile.
- Amaseli okuqala akhethekile kwezicubu (anamandla amaningi noma angenamandla): Lawa maseli angakha amaseli okuqala amasha, kodwa anqunyelwe ohlotsheni lwezicubu ahlala kulo. Isibonelo, amaseli okuqala akha igazi emnkantsheni wakho wethambo angakha amaseli egazi amasha nama-platelet, kodwa awakwazi ukudala amaseli amaphaphu noma esibindi. Abacwaningi bakuthola lokhu kubanikeli abadala.
- Amaseli okuqala aqukethe i-pluripotent (amaseli e-iPS noma ama-iPSC): Lawa ayintuthuko ephawulekayo kwisayensi yesimanje. Lawa amaseli okuqala enziwe elebhu. Ngokuthatha amaseli amadala ajwayelekile (njengamaseli esikhumba) bese ewahlela kabusha ngofuzo, ososayensi bangawenza aziphathe kahle njengamaseli okuqala e-embryonic, enekhono lokuba yinoma yiluphi uhlobo lweseli. Ngenxa yokuthi awaveli kuma-embryo, ama-iPSC asiza ukubhekana nezinkinga eziningi zokuziphatha ezihlobene nocwaningo lwamaseli okuqala.
Abacwaningi Basebenza Kanjani Ngama-Stem Cell?
Le nqubo ivame ukuqala ngamaseli okuqala abantu abadala anikelwe noma ukudalwa kwamaseli e-iPS. Abacwaningi babe sebehlakulela izigidi zalawa maseli elabhorethri besebenzisa izakhamzimba ezikhethekile. Umgomo wabo ukuqondisa lawa maseli okuqala ukuba aguquke abe amaseli athile adingekayo—njengemisipha yenhliziyo noma ama-neurons—besebenzisa izimpawu zamakhemikhali eziqondile kanye nezici zokukhula.
Odokotela Bawasebenzisa Kanjani Ama-Stem Cell Njengamanje?
Odokotela sebevele besebenzisa ngempumelelo izindlela zokwelapha ze-stem cell ezimweni ezahlukene zezokwelapha namuhla. Uma unesimo esiphuthumayo, sicela uxhumane no-911 noma izinsizakalo eziphuthumayo zasendaweni ngokushesha.
- Ukufakelwa Komnkantsha Wamathambo : Lolu uhlobo olwaziwa kakhulu noluphumelelayo kakhulu lokwelashwa ngamaseli e-stem. Odokotela bangasebenzisa amaseli e-stem amadala ukufaka esikhundleni samaseli alimele noma angajwayelekile emnkantsha wakho ngamangqamuzana anempilo. Le ndlela isetshenziselwa izimo ezifana nalezi:
- Umdlavuza Wegazi : Kubandakanya i-leukemia, i-multiple myeloma, kanye ne-non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Iziguli zivame ukudinga ukufakelwa amaseli e-stem ngemva kokwelashwa ngamakhemikhali noma ngemisebe, okudingekayo ukuze kubhujiswe amaseli anomdlavuza emnkantsheni wamathambo.
- Izinkinga Zegazi: Kubandakanya izimo zofuzo ezifana ne-sickle cell anemia kanye ne-thalassemia.
- I-Aplastic Anemia: Isimo lapho umongo wakho wethambo uhluleka ukukhiqiza amangqamuzana egazi anele.
- Ukuphuka Kwamathambo Nokulimala Kwesihluthulelo: Odokotela abahlinzayo bangasebenzisa izihluthulelo zamathambo—ezakhiwe yizicubu ezinikelayo, amaseli esihluthulelo, nezinye izinto—ukusiza ekulungiseni ukuphuka okukhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ucwaningo luyaqhubeka mayelana nokusetshenziswa kwemijovo yamaseli esihluthulelo ukulungisa i-cartilage eyonakele emalungeni, njengamadolo.
Ingabe odokotela bake bawasebenzise amaseli okuqala e-embryonic?
Yebo. Odokotela ngezinye izikhathi basebenzisa amaseli okuqala atholakala egazini lentambo elinikelwe ukwelapha izifo zegazi, ikakhulukazi ezinganeni. Igazi lentambo liqukethe amaseli okuqala afana nalawo asemibungu kodwa aseqalile ukukhetheka. (Igazi lentambo libhekisela egazini elisele entanjeni yesisu kanye ne-placenta ngemva kokuzalwa komntwana.) Ukwelashwa kwamaseli okuqala okuvunyelwe yi-FDA okuwukuphela kwesigaba esithathwe embunguni ukusetshenziswa kwegazi lentambo elinikelwe.
Akuphi amaseli okuqala emzimbeni wami?
Amaseli e-stem atholakala kuwo wonke umzimba wakho, yize ehlala ezicutshini ezithile. Atholakala kakhulu emnkantsheni wakho wamathambo (umthombo omkhulu kunayo yonke), ebuchosheni, emithanjeni yegazi, esikhumbeni, emisipheni, esibindini nasenhliziyweni. Kodwa-ke, njengoba ukhula, inani kanye nokusebenza kahle kwala maseli e-stem kungancipha ngokwemvelo.
Yiziphi izimo ezivamile ezithinta amaseli okuqala?
Umnkantsha wakho wethambo—izicubu ezithambile ezingaphakathi kwamanye amathambo akho—ukhiqiza amaseli okuqala aphenduka amangqamuzana abomvu egazi, amangqamuzana amhlophe egazi, nama-platelet. Amangqamuzana abomvu egazi athwala umoya-mpilo, amangqamuzana amhlophe egazi alwa nezifo, futhi ama-platelet asiza ukulawula ukuphuma kwegazi. Ngakho-ke, noma yini ethinta umnkantsha wakho wethambo ingathinta ngqo amangqamuzana okuqala abangela ukudala igazi lakho. Izimo ezivamile ezithinta amangqamuzana okuqala zifaka:
- I-Aplastic Anemia
- Izinkinga ze-Myeloproliferative (izimo lapho umongo wamathambo ukhiqiza khona amangqamuzana egazi amaningi kakhulu)
- I-Lymphoma (umdlavuza wesistimu ye-lymphatic, ongathinta nomnkantsha wamathambo)
- I-leukemia (uhlobo lomdlavuza wegazi oluqala kumaseli okuqala omnkantsha wamathambo)
Ngingawagcina kanjani amaseli ami e-stem ephilile?
Nakuba kungekho ndlela eqinisekisiwe "yokukhulisa" noma ukukhiqiza amaseli e-stem amaningi, njengoba umsebenzi wawo unqunywa kakhulu yizakhi zofuzo kanye nobudala, ukwamukela imikhuba enempilo iyonke kungasekela ngokungaqondile amaseli omzimba wakho:
- Yidla ukudla okulinganiselayo: Gxila kumaprotheni angenamafutha amaningi, imifino eminingi, izithelo, kanye nokusanhlamvu okuphelele. Ukudla okune-antioxidant eningi njenge-blueberries, ama-strawberry, kanye nemifino eluhlaza enamaqabunga amnyama kungasiza ekuvikeleni ekulimaleni kwamangqamuzana.
- Gwema ukubhema nogwayi: Ugwayi uyisitha esiyinhloko esonakalisa amangqamuzana, silimaza i-DNA, futhi sandisa kakhulu ingozi yomdlavuza.
- Nciphisa ukusetshenziswa kotshwala: Ngokulandela iziqondiso ze-American Cancer Society, kunconywa ukuthi amadoda anciphise ukuphuza utshwala kube yiziphuzo ezimbili ngosuku, kanti abesifazane banciphise ukuphuza utshwala kube yiziphuzo ezingaphezu kweyodwa.
- Vikela isikhumba sakho: Gwema ukuchayeka kakhulu ekukhanyeni kwe-ultraviolet (UV) okuvela elangeni noma emibhedeni yokushiswa kwesikhumba, okungalimaza amangqamuzana esikhumba futhi kuholele kumdlavuza.
- Khuluma nodokotela wakho ngemigomo: Ukutheleleka okuthile okubangelwa amagciwane, njenge-hepatitis, kungabangela umonakalo wesikhathi eside kumaseli.
- Lawula ukucindezeleka kwakho: Ukucindezeleka okungapheli kuyalimaza amangqamuzana akho. Faka izivivinyo ezifana nokuzindla noma umane uzinike isikhathi sokuphumula ukuze usize ukulawula amazinga okucindezeleka.
- Beka ubuthongo obanele kuqala: Ukulala isikhathi esibalulekile lapho umzimba wakho wenza ukulungiswa kwamangqamuzana.
Ngingakwazi yini ukwandisa inani lamaseli ami ngokwemvelo?
Kungenzeka ukuthi uke wafunda ukuthi amavithamini athile (njenge-D noma i-B12) noma izithasiselo ezithile zingandisa inani lamaseli akho e-stem noma zithuthukise impilo yawo. Ngenkathi abacwaningi befunda ngenkuthalo lezi zixhumanisi, akukafakazelwa ngokusobala ukuthi ukuthatha amavithamini athile noma ukudla ukudla okuthile kuzokwandisa inani lamaseli akho e-stem. Indlela engcono kakhulu ukugcina ukudla okulinganiselayo kanye nendlela yokuphila enempilo nesebenzayo.
Iyini into ebalulekile okufanele uyithathe?
Njengoba sesixoxile, ama-stem cell ayingxenye ephawulekayo nebalulekile yomzimba wakho. Cabanga ukuthi nakuba umzimba wakho wenziwe ngama-trillions amaseli, ama-stem cell ahlukile ngoba anekhono elingavamile lokuziphindaphinda unomphela futhi adale amaseli akhethekile adingekayo ukulungisa izicubu ezonakele.
Namuhla, odokotela sebevele basebenzisa ukwelashwa kwamaseli e-stem ukuphatha futhi ngezinye izikhathi ukwelapha umdlavuza wegazi kanye nezinkinga zegazi. Abacwaningi banethemba lokuthi la maseli angase asize ekugcineni ekwelapheni—noma ngisho nokwelapha—ezinye izimo ezingathi sína, njengesifo senhliziyo, isifo sikashukela, isifo sikaParkinson, kanye nokukhubazeka. Ucwaningo kulo mkhakha luqhubekela phambili ngokushesha.
Ngiyethemba ukuthi lokhu kukunikeza isisekelo esiqinile sokuqonda amaseli okuqala. Ukuhlala unolwazi ngesayensi yezokwelapha kungenye yezindlela ezinhle kakhulu zokuphatha impilo yakho. Phela, ulwazi luyisivikelo sakho esingcono kakhulu!
