Kuyini i-Immunostaining? Ake sixoxe ngalolu vivinyo lokuthola izifo ngamagama alula!

Wake watshelwa udokotela ukuthi ahlolwe ngokuthi "Immunostaining"? Noma wake wezwa leli gama ndawana thize? Mhlawumbe lizwakala liyinkimbinkimbi kuwe. Kodwa ungakhathazeki, namuhla sizoxoxa ngalolu hlolo olubizwa ngokuthi i-Immunostaining, ukuthi lwenzani, ukuthi lwenziwa kanjani, konke ngendlela elula kakhulu ongayiqonda. Njengokukhuluma nomngane.

Kuyini ngempela ukuvikela amasosha omzimba?

Kalula nje, i-immunostaining iyisivivinyo esikhethekile esisetshenziswa odokotela bethu bezifo. Isetshenziselwa ukuhlonza i -molecule ethile yephrotheni phakathi kwamaprotheni amaningi kusampula ethathwe emzimbeni wakho, njengegazi, umongo wamathambo, noma izicubu. Cabanga ngakho njengokuthola umuntu othize esixukwini. Le ndlela iwusizo kakhulu ekuxilongeni izifo ezahlukahlukene, ikakhulukazi izifo kanye nomdlavuza.

Lolu vivinyo lusebenza kanjani?

Kulungile, manje ake sibone ukuthi lokhu kuvikela amasosha omzimba kusebenza kanjani. Kusebenzisa into ebizwa ngokuthi ama-antibodies . Lawa ma-antibodies afana namasosha ohlelweni lokuzivikela lomzimba wethu. Ayaqaphela futhi anamathele ezintweni ezibangela izifo, ezibizwa ngokuthi ama-antigen . Ngakho-ke, kulolu vivinyo, odokotela basebenzisa i-antibody eqondene ngqo naleyo phrotheni (ebizwa ngokuthi i-antigen) abayifunayo.

Bese kufika ingxenye "yokufaka umbala". Kufana nokugqamisa umusho obalulekile encwadini. Kodwa akulula njengokufaka umbala kwi-T-shirt. Lezi zindlela "zokufaka umbala" zisebenzisa amadayi akhethekile, ama-enzyme ashintsha umbala, ama-molecule e-fluorescent , ngisho nezinhlayiya zegolide. Lokhu kuphawula amaprotheni namaseli abawafunayo, ukuze abacwaningi bakwazi ukuwabona ngokucacile ngaphansi kwe-microscope.

Ngaphambi kokwenza lokhu kuhlolwa kokufaka amasosha omzimba, udokotela uzothatha isampula yegazi lakho, umongo wamathambo, noma izicubu. Lizobe selithunyelwa kudokotela wezifo ukuze lihlolwe. Khumbula, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi isampula ithathwa esibhedlela noma ehhovisi likadokotela, lokhu kuhlolwa kokufaka amasosha omzimba kuhlala kwenziwa elabhorethri, noma kulokho esikubiza ngokuthi ilebhu.

Yiziphi izinhlobo zokuvikela amasosha omzimba?

Kunezindlela eziningana zokufaka amasosha omzimba ezisetshenziswa odokotela. Indlela ngayinye inenqubo ethile yokuhlola, noma iphrothokholi, ehlotshaniswa nayo. Nazi ezinye zezindlela eziyinhloko ezisetshenziswayo:

• I-immunohistochemistry
• I-Flow cytometry
• I-immuno-electron microscopy (i-EM immunolabeling)

Ingabe kufanele sibheke ngayinye yalezi ngemininingwane eyengeziwe?

I-Immunohistochemistry - indlela evame ukusetshenziswa kakhulu

Lena indlela evame ukusetshenziswa kakhulu yokuvikela amasosha omzimba . Ku-immunohistochemistry, ingxenye encane yesampula ibekwa ku-slide yengilazi, bese kufakwa i-antibody ebopha kulokho okuhlosiwe kuyo. Bese igcotshwa ngamadayi akhethekile noma ama-enzyme. Lawa abizwa ngokuthi ama-immunostain. Lokhu kuvumela isazi sezifo ukuthi sibone amaprotheni namaseli athile ngokucacile ngaphansi kwe-microscope.

Bheka ukuthi yiziphi izinzuzo ze-immunohistochemistry:

• Kusiza ekutholeni izinhlobo ezahlukene zomdlavuza.
• Kuyasiza ekuhlukaniseni izimo eziningi zezinzwa kanye nezinkinga zegazi.
• Lokhu kuvumela nodokotela ukuthi bafunde imiphumela, noma ukubonakaliswa, kwezakhi zofuzo ezithile.

I-Flow cytometry - njengomshini obala futhi ohlukanisa amaseli

Ngendlela ebizwa ngokuthi i-flow cytometry, uchwepheshe usebenzisa ama-antibodies anamalebula anemibala ukuphawula amaprotheni awafunayo. Ngemuva kwalokho, kusetshenziswa umsebe we-laser okhethekile ukubala, ukuhlunga, nokuhlukanisa amangqamuzana akho ngalinye ngalinye. Kufana nokuskena ukudla esitolo esikhulu.

Odokotela basebenzisa i-flow cytometry ukuthola izifo ezifana nalezi:

• Izifo ezithelelanayo
• Izifo ezizenzakalelayo
• I-Leukemia
• I-Lymphoma

I-immuno-electron microscopy (i-EM immunolabeling)

I-immuno-electron microscopy ivumela udokotela wezifo ukuthi abuke isampula yakho ngokukhulisa okukhulu kakhulu nangemininingwane ecacile kakhulu. Kulokhu, odokotela bezifo banamathisela izinhlayiya ezincane zegolide ezibizwa ngokuthi izinhlayiya zegolide ze-colloidal kuma-antibodies. Le golide ye-colloidal kulula kakhulu ukuyibona ngaphansi kwe-microscope ye-electron. Ngakho-ke, lapho leyo antibody ihamba futhi ibamba i-antigen, izinhlayiya zegolide ziyenza ibonakale kahle njengamachashazi amnyama.

Ngaphezu kokuthola izifo nezifo ezahlukahlukene ezibangelwa amagciwane, i-immuno-electron microscopy ingakwaziThola ngisho nama-antigen egciwane emithini yokugoma.

Ngingalungiselela kanjani lolu vivinyo?

Ngokuvamile, awudingi ukulungiselela ukuhlolwa kokuvikela amasosha omzimba. Kodwa-ke, udokotela wakho uzokunikeza imiyalelo ngaphambi kokuthatha isampula yegazi lakho, izicubu, noma umnkantsha. Lokhu kuzokusiza wazi kahle ukuthi yini ongayilindela. Kubalulekile ukulalela ngokucophelela lokho okushiwo udokotela wakho.

Kuthatha isikhathi esingakanani ukuhlolwa? Kuthatha isikhathi esingakanani ukuthi imiphumela ibuye?

Lokhu kuncike kakhulu endleleni yokuvikela amasosha omzimba udokotela wakho ayisebenzisayo. Ezinye izindlela zithatha amahora ambalwa kuphela , kanti ezinye zingathatha izinsuku ezifika kweziyi-10 . Udokotela wakho uzokwazi ukukutshela ukuthi kuzothatha isikhathi esingakanani kuye ngesimo sakho.

Isikhathi esithathayo ukuze imiphumela ibuye naso sifana. Ezinye izindlela zokuvikela amasosha omzimba zingakunikeza imiphumela ngosuku olulodwa. Ezinye zingathatha isonto noma ngaphezulu. Uma uya ukuyonikeza isampula, udokotela wakho uzokwazisa ukuthi ungalindela nini imiphumela.

Ngakho-ke, ngesikhathi esinjengalesi, kungcono ukungesabi futhi ubekezele. Khuluma nodokotela bese uchaza konke.

Imiphumela ithini? Kwenzekani uma ingavamile?

Udokotela wezifo uzohlaziya imiphumela yokuhlolwa kwakho bese eyithumela kudokotela wakho. Imiphumela oyitholayo ingahluka kuye ngohlobo lokuhlolwa okwenziwe udokotela wezifo. Udokotela wakho uzochaza imiphumela yakho yokuhlolwa ngokuningiliziwe nokuthi isho ukuthini ngesimo sakho esithile.

Khumbula, uma imiphumela yokuhlolwa ingajwayelekile , okusho ukuthi udokotela wezifo uthola izimpawu zesifo, ungesabi. Udokotela wakho uzokuchazela imiphumela futhi axoxe nawe ngezinketho zakho zokwelashwa. Kwezinye izimo, ithimba lodokotela lingasebenzisana ukuthuthukisa uhlelo lokwelashwa olungcono kakhulu.

Okokugcina, izinto ezibaluleke kakhulu okufanele uzikhumbule

Kulungile, ngakho-ke kusukela kulokho esikuxoxile, ngithemba ukuthi unombono omuhle mayelana nokuvikela amasosha omzimba. Nazi izinto ezibalulekile okufanele uzikhumbule:

• I-immunostaining ukuhlolwa kwelebhu okusebenzisa ama-antibodies ukuthola nokumaka ama-antigen athile ngaphakathi kwamaseli ethu.
• Lokhu kuhlolwa kungasiza ekuxilongeni izimo ezahlukahlukene zempilo, okuhlanganisa ukutheleleka ngamagciwane namagciwane, kanye nezinhlobo ezithile zomdlavuza.
• Uma kufanele uhlolwe ukuthi amasosha omzimba akho ayaluza yini, asikho isizathu sokwesaba.Udokotela wakho uzokuchazela ngokuningiliziwe.
• Uma imiphumela yokuhlolwa isifikile, khuluma nodokotela wakho ngokukhululekile ngokuthi isho ukuthini ngesimo sakho nokuthi ngabe kuyadingeka yini ukwelashwa noma cha.

Khumbula, isayensi yezokwelapha ishintsha njalo. Kungokuhlolwa okufana nalokhu lapho singathola khona izifo eziningi kusenesikhathi futhi sizelaphe ngendlela efanele. Ngakho-ke, uma udokotela encoma ukuhlolwa okunjalo, kubalulekile ukulungela.

Ukuvikela amasosha omzimba , I-Pathology, Ama-Antibody, Ama-Antigen, Ukuhlolwa Komdlavuza, Ukuhlolwa Kwelebhu