Wake wezwa iqhubu elincane noma iqhubu emzimbeni wakho wazizwa ukhathazekile, uzibuza, "Kuyini lokhu?" Noma mhlawumbe udokotela washo igama elithi "Hamartoma," wasala uzizwa udidekile? Iyini ngempela i-hamartoma? Ake sikuchaze ngamagama alula, okulula ukuwaqonda lapha eNirogi Lanka.
Kuyini iHamartoma? Masikwenze kube lula!
Ngakho-ke, iyini ngempela i-hamartoma? Kalula nje, iwukukhula okungenawo umdlavuza (okungekuhle). Yakhiwe ngamaseli afanayo avame ukutholakala kuleyo ngxenye yomzimba wakho. Kodwa-ke, kunomehluko omncane: lawa maseli ahlelwe ngendlela engahlelekile noma engajwayelekile. Kufana nokuthatha inqwaba yamathoyizi afanayo uwaphonse enqwabeni esikhundleni sokuwahlela kahle.
Igama elithi "hamartoma" livela emagameni amabili esiGreki: elithi "hamartia," elisho "iphutha" noma "isici," kanye nelithi "oma," elisho "isimila." Empeleni, libhekisela ekukhuleni okwakheka ngenxa yokungalingani kwesakhiwo.
Into ebaluleke kakhulu okufanele uyikhumbule ukuthi ama-hamartoma AKUSIWO umdlavuza . Ngokungafani namaseli anomdlavuza , awasabalali emzimbeni wakho wonke. Ngakho-ke, asikho isidingo sokwesaba. Kodwa-ke, kuye ngokuthi akuphi, ngezinye izikhathi angabangela izinkinga ezincane.
I-Hamartoma ingakheka kuphi emzimbeni?
Ama-Hamartomas angavela cishe noma kuphi emzimbeni, kodwa kunezindawo ezimbalwa ezivamile:
- Amaphaphu : Ama-Hamartoma avame ukutholakala emaphashini. Eqinisweni, ahlanganisa cishe u-10% wazo zonke izimila zamaphaphu ezingengozi. Ngokuvamile, atholakala ngengozi ngesikhathi se -X-ray evamile yesifuba ngesinye isizathu.
- Isikhumba: Ama-hamartoma esikhumba avame ukubonakala ekhanda, entanyeni, ikakhulukazi ebusweni, ezindebeni, noma ezindlebeni. Ngezinye izikhathi, angase abukeke njengophawu lokuzalwa.
- Inhliziyo : Lokhu kungakheka nasenhliziyweni. I-"cardiac rhabdomyoma" uhlobo olungavamile lwe-hamartoma yenhliziyo. Lokhu kuvame ukutholakala ngesikhathi umntwana esesesibelethweni ( ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa ) noma ngemva nje kokuzalwa. Nakuba kungavamile, kuphakathi kwezimila zenhliziyo ezivame kakhulu ezinganeni.
- Ubuchopho: Uhlobo oluthile olwaziwa ngokuthi "i-hamartomas ye-hypothalamic" luvela ku-hypothalamus, indawo ephethe ukulinganisela izinqubo ezibalulekile zomzimba. Nakuba lokhu kungase kube khona kusukela ekuzalweni, kuvame ukubonakalisa izimpawu ngesikhathi sobuntwana noma sobusha, njengokuxhuzula , izinkinga zokubona , noma ukuthomba kwangaphambi kwesikhathi .
- Ibele: Cishe u-5% wamaqhubu esifuba angenabungozi kwabesifazane angaba yi-hamartoma. Avame ukutholakala kwabesifazane abangaphezu kweminyaka engu-35.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, okuhambisana nezimo ezithile zofuzo njenge-PTEN hamartoma tumor syndrome (PHTS), lokhu kukhula kungavela nasezinso, esibindini, endlaleni ye-thyroid, nasemathanjeni.
Ingabe i-Hamartomas isakazeka emzimbeni wonke?
Lokhu kuyinto evamile ekhathazayo. Cha, ama-hamartoma awafani nomdlavuza; awasabalali. Ahlala lapho akheke khona. Kodwa-ke, uma ukukhula kuba kukhulu ngokwanele, kungacindezela izicubu noma izitho ezinempilo eziseduze, okubangela ukungakhululeki. Nokho, lokhu akuvamile.
Ingabe zikhona ezinye izimo ezihlobene ne-Hamartomas?
Yebo, ama-hamartoma angaxhunyaniswa nezifo ezithile zofuzo ezingavamile, lapho ukuguquka kofuzo kuholela ekwakhekeni kwawo.
- I-Pallister-Hall syndrome (PHS): Ihlotshaniswa nokuguquka kwezakhi zofuzo ze-GLI3. Cishe u-5% wabantu abane-hamartomas ye-hypothalamic bangaba nalesi sifo.
- I-Tuberous sclerosis: Lesi simo singabangela ukuba kukhule ama-hamartoma ebuchosheni, enhliziyweni, ezinso, esikhumbeni, namehlo.
- I-Neurofibromatosis Uhlobo 1 (NF1) : Isimo esingavamile sofuzo lapho ama-hamartoma angakheka khona emithanjeni yomzimba wonke.
- I-PTEN hamartoma tumor syndrome (PHTS): Iqembu lezifo ezihlanganisa i-Cowden syndrome kanye ne-Bannayan-Riley-Ruvalcaba syndrome (BRRS), lapho ama-hamartoma angakheka khona emabeleni, esibelethweni, e-thyroid, endleleni yokugaya ukudla kanye nasesikhumbeni.
- I-Peutz-Jeghers syndrome (PJS): Ixhunyaniswe nokuguqulwa kwezakhi zofuzo ze-STK11/LKB1, abantu abane-PJS banengozi enkulu yokuthola ama-hamartoma emaphashini, esiswini, esinyeni, emathunjini amancane, emathunjini amakhulu, kanye nase-rectum.
Uma unesifo esinjalo sofuzo, udokotela wakho angase akuncome ukuhlolwa kofuzo noma ukwelulekwa.
Ziyini izimpawu ze-Hamartoma?
Ezimweni eziningi, ama-hamartoma awabonakali , okusho ukuthi ungase ube nawo ngaphandle kokuzizwa ungakhululekile. Uma kuvela izimpawu, ngokuvamile kungenxa yokuthi ukukhula sekukhulu ngokwanele ukucindezela izicubu eziseduze. Izimpawu zincike ngokuphelele endaweni lapho i-hamartoma ikhona khona.
Isibonelo, i-hemartoma yamaphaphu ingabangela ukukhwehlela okuqhubekayo noma ukuphelelwa umoya uma ikhula. I-hemartoma yobuchopho ingabangela ukuquleka noma ukuphazamiseka kokubona.
Yini ebangela i-Hamartoma?
Ososayensi abazi njalo imbangela eqondile ye-hamartoma ngayinye. Kodwa-ke, njengoba kushiwo, zivame ukuhlotshaniswa nezimo zofuzo, ezingase zizuzwe njengefa kubazali ngenxa yokuguquka kwezakhi zofuzo okuthile.
Ingabe i-Hamartoma ingadala izinkinga?
Ama-hamartoma amaningi awayona ingozi. Kodwa-ke, uma ekhula ngokwanele ukuphazamisa ukusebenza kwesitho esibalulekile, kungavela izinkinga. Isibonelo, i-rhabdomyoma yenhliziyo ingathinta ukusebenza kwenhliziyo, okungase kuholele ekuhlulekeni kwenhliziyo. Ngokufanayo, i-hamortoma ye-hypothalamic ingaphazamisa ibhalansi yama-hormone noma ukusebenza kwengqondo. Sicela uqiniseke ukuthi udokotela wakho angaqapha lokhu kukhula noma akususe uma kudingeka.
I-Hamartomas itholakala kanjani?
Ngenxa yokuthi ama-hamartoma amaningi awabonakali, avame ukutholakala ngengozi ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kwesinye inhloso. Ukuhlukanisa i-hamartoma nesimila somdlavuza ngezinye izikhathi kungaba yinselele, kuye ngokuthi sikuphi. Udokotela wakho uzokwenza ukuhlolwa ngokomzimba futhi abukeze umlando wakho wezokwelapha. Ngokuvamile, kuzodingeka izithombe ezengeziwe zokuxilonga noma ukuhlolwa ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ukukhula kuyi-hamartoma ngempela. Uma ukhathazekile, sicela ufune iseluleko sezokwelapha ngokushesha noma uxhumane nezinsizakalo eziphuthumayo uma uhlangabezana nezimpawu eziphuthumayo nezinzima.
Yiziphi izivivinyo zokuxilonga ezisetshenziswayo?
- I-X-ray: Isebenzisa imisebe ephansi ukudala izithombe zamathambo akho nezicubu ezithambile. Ama-hamartoma ephaphu ngezinye izikhathi avela njengephethini "ye-popcorn" ku-X-ray, okusiza odokotela ukuthi bawahlukanise nezimila ezinomdlavuza.
- I-Ultrasound: Isebenzisa amaza omsindo ukudala izithombe zezicubu ezithambile emzimbeni wakho.
- I-CT scan (i-computed tomography): Isebenzisa imisebe eminingi ye-X-ray ukuhlinzeka ngezithombe ezihlukanisayo zezicubu zakho ezithambile zangaphakathi namathambo. I-CT scan iphumelela kakhulu ekuboneni ama-hamartoma emaphashini.
- I-MRI (i-Magnetic resonance imaging): Isebenzisa amaza anamandla kamagnethi kanye nomsakazo ukukhiqiza izithombe ezinemininingwane neziphezulu zezicubu ezithambile zomzimba wakho.
- I-Mammogram: Isebenzisa imisebe ephansi ukuhlola izicubu zebele. Ama-hamartoma amaningi ebele atholakala ngengozi ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa komdlavuza okuvamile.
- Ukuhlolwa kwebhayoloji:Udokotela ususa isampula encane yokukhula bese eyithumela elabhorethri. Udokotela wezifo ube esehlola amangqamuzana ngaphansi kwe-microscope. Le biopsy iyindlela eqondile yokunquma ukuthi ukukhula kuqukethe amangqamuzana angenabungozi njenge-hamartoma noma ukuthi kuyingozi yini. Lena indinganiso yegolide yokuxilonga.
Iphathwa kanjani i-hamartoma?
Uhlelo lwakho lokwelashwa lunqunywa indawo lapho i-hamartoma ikhona nokuthi ingabe ikubangela yini izimpawu.
- Uma kungabonakali izimpawu: Uma ukukhula kungabangeli izinkinga noma izimpawu, udokotela wakho angakhetha ukukuqapha nje. Lokhu kuhilela ukuskena njalo ukuhlola noma yiziphi izinguquko ngobukhulu noma ukubukeka.
- Uma unezimpawu noma uma kusolwa ukuthi unesifo somdlavuza: Kulezi zimo, ukususwa ngokuhlinzwa ngokuvamile kuyindlela yokwelapha eyinhloko.
Yikuphi ukuhlinzwa okukhethekile okusetshenziselwa ukususa i-hamartomas?
Indlela yokwelapha iyahlukahluka kuye ngokuthi i-hamartoma ikuphi.
Nge-hamartoma yamaphaphu:
- Ukususwa kwe-wedge resection: Ingxenye encane, efana ne-wedge yephaphu equkethe i-growth iyasuswa, kanye nomkhawulo wezicubu ezinempilo.
- Ukususwa kwe-Lobectomy: I-lobe yonke yamaphaphu iyasuswa uma i-hamartoma itholakala lapho. Sine-lobe ezintathu ephashini lesokudla kanye nezimbili kwesobunxele.
- Ukususwa kwe-Pneumonectomy: Ukususwa kwephaphu lonke. Lokhu akuvamile ukudingeka ku-hamartoma.
Ezobuchopho (Hypothalamic hamartomas):
- Ukuhlinzwa Kokususwa Kwezicubu: Udokotela ohlinza izinzwa ususa ukukhula ngokuhlinzwa.
- Ukususwa kwezicubu: Ukushisa okuphezulu noma amandla e-laser asetshenziswa ukubhubhisa izicubu.
- Ukuhlinzwa ngemisebe kweGammaKnife®: Akuyona indlela yokuhlinzwa yendabuko, le nqubo isebenzisa imisebe yemisebe enembile, enamandla aphezulu ukuze ibhubhise ukukhula ngokunemba okufanayo nokususwa ngokuhlinzwa.
Kwenzekani uma ngine-hamartoma?
Ama-hamartoma amaningi awazona izimo ezibucayi, ngakho-ke sicela ungakhathazeki ngokungadingekile. Uma i-hamartoma ithinta isitho noma inengozi yezinkinga zesikhathi esizayo, ukuhlinzwa ngokuvamile kungaxazulula inkinga ngempumelelo.
Ngezinye izikhathi, ukususwa kungaba yinselele. Isibonelo, uma i-hamartoma ye-hypothalamic itholakala eduze kwe-optic nerve, ukuhlinzwa kunengozi yokulimaza i-nerve.
Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukuba nengxoxo evulekile nodokotela wakho mayelana nokuthi i-hamartoma yakho idinga ukususwa yini nokuthi yiziphi izingozi noma izinkinga ezingaba khona zenqubo.
Ingabe i-hamartoma ingaphenduka umdlavuza?
Lokhu kuyinto evamile ekhathazayo. Amathuba okuba i-hamartoma ibe nomdlavuza aphansi kakhulu; kuyinto engavamile kakhulu.
Kodwa-ke, khumbula ukuthi izimo ezithile zofuzo ezihlobene ne-hamartoma (njenge-Cowden syndrome, uhlobo lwe-PHTS) zingandisa ingozi yomdlavuza iyonke. Kulezi zimo, yisimo sofuzo esiyisisekelo, hhayi i-hamartoma ngokwayo, esanda ingozi. Uma unesifo sofuzo esinjalo, ukuhlolwa njalo komdlavuza kubalulekile.
Yimiphi imibuzo okufanele ngiyibuze udokotela wami?
Uma usutholakale une-hamartoma, ungase ube nemibuzo eminingana. Zizwe ukhululekile ukubuza udokotela wakho okulandelayo:
- Yini eyabangela ukuthi le hamartoma ikhule?
- Ingabe kuyadingeka ngempela ukuyisusa?
- Yiziphi izimpawu okufanele ngiziqaphele ukuze ngazi ukuthi kudingeka ukwelashwa?
- Ingabe le hamartoma ingaba uphawu lwesimo esibucayi kakhulu esingaphansi?
- Ingabe ukwelulekwa noma ukuhlolwa kwezakhi zofuzo kungaba usizo kimi noma emndenini wami?
Umyalezo Wokugcina Wokuya Nasekhaya
Ngiyethemba ukuthi lolu lwazi lukunike ukuqonda okucacile ngama-hamartoma. Okubaluleke kakhulu, khumbula ukuthi i-hamartoma ngokuvamile ayiyona ingozi. Ayiwona umdlavuza futhi ayisabalali emzimbeni wonke.
Ezimweni eziningi, akudingeki ukwelashwa. Kodwa-ke, uma uba nezimpawu noma uma udokotela wakho enezinkinga, ukuhlinzwa kuyindlela ephumelelayo yokuxazulula inkinga.
Uma utshelwa ukuthi une-hamartoma, ungakhathazeki ngokweqile. Khuluma kahle nodokotela wakho ukuze uthole izinyathelo ezilandelayo ezifanele kakhulu kuwe. Ukunakekela impilo yakho ngendlela efanele kuyinto ebaluleke kakhulu ongayenza eNirogi Lanka.
