Ingabe uneqhubu elingajwayelekile emzimbeni wakho? Kungaba yi-(Hamartoma)! Ake sixoxe ngalokhu.

Wake wezwa iqhubu elincane noma isimila endaweni ethile emzimbeni wakho wazibuza, "Kuyini lokhu?" Noma wake wazibuza ukuthi kwakuyini lapho udokotela ekubiza ngokuthi "iHamartoma"? Iyini ngempela le "Hamartoma"? Ake sixoxe ngayo kalula, ngendlela ongayiqonda.

Kuyini `(Hamartoma)`? Masikuqonde kalula!

Kulungile, manje ake sibone ukuthi iyini le `(Hamartoma)`. Kalula nje, iyisimila esincane esingenabungozi. Sakhiwa ngezinhlobo ezifanayo zamaseli ezivame ukutholakala emzimbeni wethu. Kodwa kunomehluko omncane. Okusho ukuthi, la maseli ahlangana ngendlela engajwayelekile, engahlelekile ukuze akhe lesi simila. Kufana nokubeka amanye amathoyizi afanayo enqwabeni esikhundleni sokuwabeka ngendlela ehlelekile. Igama elithi `(Hamartoma)` livela emagameni amabili esiGreki. ``Hamartia`` lisho ``iphutha`` noma ``ukuntuleka``. ``Oma`` lisho ``isimila``. Ngakho-ke, lokhu kusho isimila esikhula ngenxa yohlobo oluthile lwesimila.

Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuthi lawa "maHamartomas" awawona umdlavuza . Awasabalali emzimbeni wonke njengamaseli omdlavuza . Ngakho-ke akukho okufanele ukhathazeke ngakho. Kodwa-ke, kuye ngokuthi akuphi, ngezinye izikhathi angabangela izinkinga ezincane.

Kukuphi emzimbeni lapho le `(Hamartoma)` ingakheka khona?

Lawa "maHamartomas" angakheka noma kuphi emzimbeni wethu. Kodwa kunezindawo ezimbalwa lapho avame ukubonakala khona.

• Amaphaphu : Ngokuvamile, lawa "ma-Hamartomas" akhula emaphashini. Kuthiwa yi-10% kuphela yamathumba angenabungozi atholakala emaphashini. Ngezinye izikhathi, atholakala ngengozi lapho kuthathwa i-" X-ray" yesifuba ngesizathu esithile.
• Isikhumba: Ama-Hamartoma avame ukutholakala ekhanda nasentanyeni, ikakhulukazi ebusweni, ezindebeni, nangemuva nangaphansi kwezindlebe. Ngezinye izikhathi angase abukeke njengezimpawu zokuzalwa.
• Inhliziyo : Lokhu kungakhula nasenhliziyweni. I-rhabdomyoma yenhliziyo uhlobo olungavamile lwe-hamartoma olukhula enhliziyweni. Lokhu kuvame ukutholakala esibelethweni sikamama (ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa ) noma njengengane encane. Nakuba kungavamile, lokhu kuyizicubu ezivame kakhulu ukukhula enhliziyweni yezingane ezincane.
• Ubuchopho:Uhlobo lwesimila olubizwa ngokuthi i-hamartoma ye-hypothalamic lukhula ku-hypothalamus, ingxenye yobuchopho esiza ekulawuleni izinqubo eziningi ezibalulekile emzimbeni. Lawa mathumba angaba khona lapho ezalwa, kodwa avame ukukhombisa izimpawu ebuntwaneni noma ebusheni. Angabangela izimpawu ezifana nokuquleka , izinkinga zokubona , kanye nokuthomba ngaphambi kwesikhathi.
• Ibele: Cishe u-5% wamaqhubu angenabungozi emabeleni abesifazane angaba yi-hamartoma. Avame kakhulu kwabesifazane abaneminyaka engaphezu kuka-35.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-hamartoma angakhula nasezindaweni ezifana nezinso, ubende, indlala yegilo, kanye namathambo, okuhambisana nezimo ezithile zofuzo njenge-PTEN hamartoma tumor syndrome (PHTS).

Ingabe lokhu `(Hamartoma)` kusakazeka emzimbeni wonke?

Lokhu kuyinkinga enkulu kubantu abaningi. Cha, "iHamartoma" ayisabalali emzimbeni wonke njengomdlavuza. Okusho ukuthi, ihlala lapho yakhiwa khona. Kodwa-ke, ngezinye izikhathi uma lesi simila sikhula kancane, singacindezela izicubu noma izitho ezinempilo eziseduze futhi sibangele umonakalo othile. Kodwa lokho akuvamile.

Ingabe zikhona ezinye izimo ezihlobene ne-`(Hamartoma)`?

Yebo, i-Hamartoma ingahlotshaniswa nezinye izimo zofuzo ezingavamile. Kulezi zimo, i-Hamartoma ibangelwa ukuguquka kwezakhi zofuzo.

• (I-Pallister-Hall syndrome - PHS): Lesi simo sihlotshaniswa nokuguquka kwezakhi zofuzo `GLI3`. Cishe abantu abangu-5% abane-`(Hypothalamic hamartomas)` ebuchosheni nabo bangase babe nalesi simo se-`PHS`.
• I-Tuberous sclerosis: Lesi simo singabangela ukuthi "iHamartoma" yakheke ezithweni ezahlukene njengobuchopho, inhliziyo, izinso, isikhumba kanye namehlo.
• (I -Neurofibromatosis Uhlobo 1 - NF1): Lesi futhi yisimo esingavamile sofuzo. Kulokhu, i-"Hamartoma" ingakhula emithanjeni emzimbeni wonke.
• (I-PTEN hamartoma tumor syndrome - PHTS): Leli yiqembu lezifo ezihlobene nokuguquka kwezakhi zofuzo ze-'PTEN'. `(I-Cowden syndrome)` kanye ne-`(I-Bannayan-Riley-Ruvalcaba syndrome - BRRS)` ziyizinhlobo zalokhu. `(I-Hamartoma)` ingakhula ezindaweni ezifana nebele, isibeletho, indlala yegilo, uhlelo lokugaya ukudla (`Indlela ye-GI`), kanye nesikhumba.
• I-Peutz-Jeghers syndrome (PJS): Lokhu kuhlotshaniswa nokuguquka kwezakhi zofuzo i-STK11/LKB1. Abantu abane-PJS basengozini enkulu yokuthola ama-hamartoma emaphashini, esiswini, kwesinye, emathunjini amancane, emathunjini amakhulu, kanye nase-rectum.

Uma unesifo sofuzo esifana nalesi, udokotela wakho angase akuncomele ukuhlolwa kofuzo noma ukwelulekwa.

Ziyini izimpawu ze-`(Hamartoma)`?

Esikhathini esiningi, lawa ma-`(Hamartomas)` awabonisi zimpawu (`asymptomatic`). Okusho ukuthi, ungaba nawo emzimbeni wakho ngaphandle kokuzizwa ungakhululekile. Kodwa-ke, ngezinye izikhathi, izimpawu zivela kuphela lapho lesi simila sikhula kancane futhi sicindezela izicubu ezingezansi. Uma lokho kwenzeka, izimpawu zincike ekutheni i-`(Hamartoma)` ikuphi. Isibonelo, uma i-`(Hamartoma)` emaphashini iba nkulu, ungase ubhekane nezinto ezifana nokukhwehlela nobunzima bokuphefumula. Uma umuntu esebuchosheni, njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili, kungenzeka ukuthi kube nezinkinga zokuwa kanye nokubona.

Yiziphi izimbangela zeHamartoma?

Ososayensi abakayazi imbangela eqondile yeHamartoma. Kodwa-ke, njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili, ihlotshaniswa nezimo ezithile zofuzo. Lezi zimo zofuzo zivame ukutholwa njengefa. Okusho ukuthi, zingabangelwa ukuguquka kofuzo okuzuzwe komunye wabazali.

Ingabe i-Hamartoma ingabangela izinkinga?

Ama-hamartoma amaningi awabi yingozi. Kodwa-ke, angabangela izinkinga uma ekhula ngokwanele ukulimaza isitho noma isakhiwo somzimba. Isibonelo, i-rhabdomyoma yenhliziyo enhliziyweni ingabangela ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo uma iphazamisa ukusebenza kwenhliziyo. Ngokufanayo, i-hamortoma ye-hypothalamic ebuchosheni ingabangela ukungalingani kwamahomoni kanye nokukhubazeka kwengqondo uma iphazamisa ukusebenza kwe-hypothalamus. Kodwa ungakhathazeki, udokotela wakho angaqapha i-hamartoma futhi ayisuse uma kudingeka.

Itholakala kanjani i-Hamartoma?

Ama-Hamartoma avame ukungabi nazimpawu, ngakho-ke atholakala ngengozi ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kwesinye isimo. Ngezinye izikhathi kungaba nzima ukubona ukuthi i-hamartoma iyisimila noma cha, ikakhulukazi kuye ngokuthi ikuphi. Udokotela wakho uzokuxilonga futhi akubuze ngomlando wakho wezokwelapha. Ezimweni eziningi, kuzodingeka ukuhlolwa okwengeziwe ukuqinisekisa ukuthi iyi-hamartoma.

Yiziphi izivivinyo zokuxilonga?

• I-X-ray: Ukuhlolwa kwemisebe okunomthamo ophansi okuthatha izithombe zamathambo nezicubu ezithambile. Ama-Hamartomas emaphashini ngezinye izikhathi abukeka njenge-"popcorn" ku-X-ray. Lokhu kungasiza ukuwahlukanisa nezimila ezinomdlavuza.
• I-Ultrasound: Isebenzisa amaza omsindo ukuthatha izithombe zezicubu ezithambile emzimbeni.
• I-CT scan (i-computed tomography): I -scan esebenzisa ama-X-ray amaningi ukuthatha izithombe zezicubu ezithambile namathambo ngaphakathi emzimbeni. I-CT scan iwusizo kakhulu ekutholeni ama-hamartoma emaphashini.
• I-MRI (Umfanekiso we-Magnetic resonance):Kusetshenziswa amagagasi amakhulu adonsayo kanye namaza omsakazo ukuthatha izithombe ezinemininingwane zezicubu ezithambile emzimbeni.
• I-Mammogram: Ukuhlolwa komthamo ophansi okuhlola izicubu zebele. Ama-hamartoma amaningi ebele atholakala ngesikhathi se-mammogram, asetshenziselwa ukuhlola umdlavuza.
• I-Biopsy: Kulokhu, udokotela uthatha ingxenye encane yesimila asithumele elabhorethri. Lapho, "uSolwazi Wezifo" ubheka amangqamuzana ngaphansi kwesibonakhulu. Le "Biopsy" ukuphela kwendlela yokubona ngokuqinisekile ukuthi isimila esingesona esibi, njenge-"Hamarthoma" noma isimila esinomdlavuza. Lena yindlela ecacile kakhulu yokuxilonga lesi sifo.

Iphathwa kanjani i-Hamartoma?

Ukwelashwa kuncike ezicini ezifana nokuthi i-hamartoma ikuphi nokuthi unezimpawu yini.

• Uma kungekho zinkinga: Uma isimila singabangeli zinkinga noma singabangeli zimpawu, udokotela angase anqume ukusiqapha ngaphandle kokwelashwa. Lokhu kusho ukuthi bazosihlola njalo ukuze babone ukuthi siyakhula noma siyashintsha.
• Uma kunezimpawu noma uma kukhona ukusolakala komdlavuza: Esimweni esinjalo, ukuhlinzwa kokususa isimila kuvame ukuba yindlela eyinhloko yokwelapha.

Yimiphi imisebenzi yokuhlinzwa esetshenziswayo ukususa i-`(Hamartoma)`?

Lokhu kuyahlukahluka kuye ngokuthi i-hamartoma ikuphi. Nge-hamartoma yamaphaphu:

• Ukususwa kwe-wedge resection: Kulokhu, ingcezu encane yephaphu emise okwe-wedge lapho kutholakala khona i-tumor iyasikwa bese isuswa. Kanye ne-tumor, ezinye izicubu ezinempilo ezizungezile nazo ziyasuswa.
• Ukususwa kwe-Lobectomy: I-lobe yamaphaphu isuswa ngokuphelele, uma i-hamartoma itholakala kuleyo lobe. Iphaphu lethu langakwesokudla linama-lobe amathathu kanti iphaphu lethu lasekhohlo linama-lobe amabili.
• Ukususwa kwe-Pneumonectomy: Iphaphu lonke liyasuswa. Kodwa-ke, akuvamile kakhulu ukuthi i-hamartoma idinga ukuhlinzwa okukhulu kangaka.

Okwe `(Hypothalamic hamartomas)` ebuchosheni:

• Ukuhlinzwa Kokususwa Kwezicubu: Udokotela ohlinzayo usika futhi asuse isimila.
• Ukususwa kwezicubu: Isimila siyabhujiswa kusetshenziswa ukushisa okuphezulu noma imisebe ye-laser.
• (GammaKnife® radiosurgery): Lokhu akuyona indlela yokuhlinzwa yendabuko. Imisebe ibhubhisa isimila ngokuqondisa umsebe wamandla onamandla kuso. Isusa izicubu eziyingozi ngokunemba, njengokuhlinzwa.

Kwenzekani uma ngine-`(Hamartoma)`?

Ama-hamartoma amaningi awabi yingozi, ngakho ungakhathazeki. Uma i-hamartoma ithinta isitho noma inkulu ngokwanele ukubangela umonakalo, ukuhlinzwa ngokuvamile kungaxazulula inkinga. Ngezinye izikhathi i-hamartoma ingaba nzima ukuyisusa. Isibonelo, amanye ama-hamartoma angaphansi kwe-hypothalamic akhula eduze kwe-optic nerve, engonakaliswa ukuhlinzwa.

Ngakho-ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukukhuluma nodokotela wakho ngokucophelela bese uthola ukuthi i-hamartoma yakho idinga ukususwa, futhi uma kunjalo, yiziphi izinkinga noma izingozi ezingase zibangelwe yiyo.

Ingabe i-"Hamartoma" ingaba umdlavuza?

Lokhu okunye ukwesaba abantu abaningi abanakho. Amathuba okuthi i-hamartoma iphenduke umdlavuza aphansi kakhulu. Okusho ukuthi, akuvamile ukwenzeka. Kodwa nansi into. Ezinye izimo zofuzo ezihlobene ne-hamartoma (isibonelo, i-Cowden syndrome, uhlobo lwe-PHTS) zingandisa ingozi yokuba nomdlavuza. Uma kunjalo, akuyona i-hamartoma eyandisa ingozi yomdlavuza, kodwa yisimo sofuzo. Ngakho-ke, uma unesifo sofuzo esinjalo, kubalulekile ukuthi uhlolwe njalo umdlavuza.

Yini okufanele ngiyibuze udokotela wami?

Uma usuthole ukuthi une-hamartoma, kunezinto ezimbalwa okufanele uzibuze udokotela wakho ngayo. Ungesabi ukubuza le mibuzo:

• Kungani ngithole le `(Hamartoma)`?
• Ingabe ngidinga ukususa le `(Hamartoma)`?
• Yiziphi izimpawu ezibonisa ukuthi lokhu kudinga ukwelashwa?
• Ingabe le "Hamartoma" ingaba uphawu lwesinye isimo esibi kakhulu?
• Ingabe ukwelulekwa noma ukuhlolwa kwezakhi zofuzo kungaba usizo kimi noma kunoma ubani emndenini wami?

Okokugcina, izinto okufanele uzikhumbule (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

Kulungile, ngakho-ke kusukela kulokho esikhulume ngakho, ngicabanga ukuthi unomqondo omuhle nge-`(Hamartoma)`. Into ebalulekile ukuthi, i-`(Hamartoma)` ayiyona ingozi ezimweni eziningi. Ayinawo umdlavuza, futhi ayisabalali emzimbeni wonke. Esikhathini esiningi, ayidingi ukwelashwa. Kodwa-ke, uma kukhona izimpawu, noma uma udokotela enokungabaza, zingasuswa ngokuhlinzwa futhi inkinga ingaxazululwa.

Uma udokotela ekutshela ukuthi une-"Hamartoma", ungesabi ngokungadingekile, khuluma nodokotela wakho ngokucophelela bese unquma ukuthi yisiphi isinyathelo esilandelayo esingcono kakhulu kuwe. Ukunakekela impilo yakho kuyinto ebaluleke kakhulu!

---