Ake sifunde kahle ukuthi iyini i-Pap smear nokuthi kungani ibalulekile empilweni yakho.

Cishe uke wezwa nge-"Pap smear" noma i-Pap test. Mhlawumbe udokotela ukutshelile ukuthi uyithole. Empeleni iyisivivinyo esibaluleke kakhulu kwabesifazane abaningi, ikakhulukazi uma kukhulunywa ngempilo yokuzala. Nakuba abantu abaningi bekuthola kuyesabisa futhi kungakhululeki, izinzuzo zako ziningi. Ngakho-ke, namuhla sizoxoxa ngalokhu kuhlolwa kwe-Pap ngokuningiliziwe, kalula kakhulu, nangendlela ongayiqonda.

Kuyini i-Pap smear?

Kalula nje, ukuhlolwa kwe-Pap ukuhlolwa okusiza ekutholeni umdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho kusenesikhathi. Ngokuyinhloko kubheka amangqamuzana anomdlavuza emlonyeni wesibeletho sakho, noma amangqamuzana angajwayelekile (amangqamuzana angaphambi komdlavuza) angase abe umdlavuza esikhathini esizayo, abizwa ngokuthi i-dysplasia . Ngezinye izikhathi, lokhu kuhlolwa kungathola nezifo ezithile ezithathelwana ngocansi (ama-STI) kanye nokuvuvukala komlomo wesibeletho.

Nakhu okwenzekayo ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kwe-Pap: Udokotela wakho uthatha ngokucophelela amangqamuzana ambalwa emlonyeni wakho wesibeletho. Ngemuva kwalokho, isampula yeseli ihlolwa ngaphansi kwe-microscope ukuze kubonakale ukuthi kukhona yini okungajwayelekile. Ukuhlolwa kwethulwa okokuqala nguDkt. George Papanicolaou, udokotela waseMelika. Yingakho kubizwa ngokuthi "i-Pap."

Cabanga ngakho, sizama ukucima intuthu encane endlini, asilindi kuze kube nomlilo omkhulu. Yileyo ndlela ukuhlolwa kwe-Pap okuqhutshwa ngayo. Kuyasiza ekubambeni umdlavuza ngesibonakaliso esincane ngaphambi kokuba ube mkhulu.

Kufanele ngihlolwe i-Pap kangaki?

Lokhu kuncike ezintweni ezimbalwa, njengobudala bakho, umlando wakho wezempilo, kanye nemiphumela yokuhlolwa kwe-Pap kwangaphambilini noma ukuhlolwa kwe-HPV. Kodwa-ke, kunesiqondiso esijwayelekile esilandelwayo:

• Abesifazane abaneminyaka ephakathi kuka-21 no-30: Ngokuvamile kunconywa ukuthi kwenziwe ukuhlolwa kwe-Pap njalo eminyakeni emi-3 .
• Abesifazane abaneminyaka ephakathi kuka-30 no-65: Kwabesifazane abakuleli qembu leminyaka, kunconywa ukuthi benze ukuhlolwa kwe-Pap kanye nokuhlolwa kwe-HPV (kanye nokuhlolwa) njalo eminyakeni emi-5 noma ukuhlolwa kwe-Pap kuphela njalo eminyakeni emi-3. Udokotela wakho uzokutshela ukuthi yini engcono kakhulu kuwe.

Odokotela babheka ukuhlolwa kwe-Pap "njengendinganiso yegolide" yokuvimbela umdlavuza wesibeletho ngoba kungabona izinguquko emaseli esibeletho ngaphambi kokuba abe umdlavuza, noma ngaphambi kokuba abe umdlavuza. Uma isimo sitholakala ngokushesha, kulapho amathuba okululama ngokugcwele eba ngcono ngokwelashwa.

Ukuya kohlolwa i-Pap kungase kubonakale kuyinto ekhathazayo kuwe. Kulula ukukugwema, ucabanga ukuthi, "O, bekulungile ngaphambili, kungani ukuphinda ukwenze?" Kodwa kubalulekile empilweni yakho yokuzala.Uma ukuhlehlisa, izinguquko eziyingozi zamaseli zingase zivele ngaphandle kokuthi uqaphele. Uma ungaqiniseki ukuthi ukuhlolwa kwakho okulandelayo kwe-Pap kufanele kube nini, qiniseka ukuthi ubuza udokotela wakho.

Ingabe abanye abantu badinga ukuhlolwa kwe-Pap njalo?

Yebo, kwezinye izimo ezikhethekile, odokotela bangase batuse ukuhlolwa kwe-Pap okuvamile. Noma bangase batuse ukuqhubeka nokwenza lokhu ngemva kweminyaka engu-65. Lezi zimo zifaka:

• Uma amasosha omzimba wakho ebuthakathaka ngenxa yokutheleleka yi-HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) noma esinye isimo sezokwelapha (isib. i-chemotherapy yomdlavuza).
• Uma wavezwa umuthi obizwa ngokuthi i-diethylstilbestrol (DES) ngesikhathi sakho sokukhulelwa (okungukuthi, ngesikhathi usesesibelethweni sikamama wakho). (Lo muthi wanikezwa omama abakhulelwe kwaze kwaba cishe ngo-1971.)
• Uma uke waba nomdlavuza wesibeletho ngaphambilini.
• Uma uke waba nemiphumela engavamile ekuhlolweni kwe-Pap kwangaphambilini (ama-Pap smears angajwayelekile).

Yini ngempela efunwa ukuhlolwa kwe-Pap?

Ukuhlolwa kwe-Pap kuhlola ikakhulukazi:

• Umdlavuza wesibeletho.
• Amaseli angajwayelekile emlonyeni wesibeletho, abizwa ngokuthi i-dysplasia, angakhula abe umdlavuza.
• I-Human Papillomavirus (HPV). Lesi isifo esithathelwana ngocansi esivamile (STI). Ezinye izinhlobo ze-HPV zandisa ingozi yomdlavuza wesibeletho.

Kodwa-ke, ukuhlolwa kwe-Pap akukwazi ukuthola izifo ezithathelwana ngocansi njenge -gonorrhea kanye ne-chlamydia . Lokhu kudinga ukuhlolwa ngokwehlukana. Kodwa-ke, ngezinye izikhathi ukuhlolwa kwe-Pap kungathola izifo ezifana ne -trichomonas , ukukhula ngokweqile kwamagciwane, noma izifo zemvubelo.

Ingabe ukuhlolwa kwe-Pap kanye nokuhlolwa kwe-pelvic kuyinto efanayo?

Lokhu kuyinto abantu abaningi abadideka ngayo. Ukuhlolwa kwe-pelvic kwenzeka lapho udokotela wakho ehlola isibeletho sakho, ama-ovari, kanye nezinye izingxenye zesimiso sakho sokuzala. I-Pap smear ayikwenziwa njalo ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kwe-pelvic. Kodwa-ke, ukuhlolwa kwe-pelvic kuvame ukwenziwa ngesikhathi esifanayo ne-Pap smear. I-Pap smear ingaba yingxenye yokuhlolwa kwe-pelvic.

Uyini umehluko phakathi kokuhlolwa kwe-Pap nokuhlolwa kwe-HPV?

Ukuhlolwa kwe-HPV kwezinhlobo ezithile ze-HPV ezandisa ingozi yakho yokuba nomdlavuza wesibeletho. Kunezinhlobo eziningi ze-HPV, futhi akuzona zonke ezibangela umdlavuza.

Odokotela bangenza ukuhlolwa kwe-Pap kanye nokuhlolwa kwe-HPV ngesikhathi esisodwa. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi "ukuhlolwa ngokubambisana."Zombili zenziwa ngendlela efanayo - kuthathwa isampula yamaseli emlonyeni wesibeletho. Uma ithunyelwa elabhorethri, udokotela uzokutshela ukuthi ufuna ukuhlolwa kwe-Pap, ukuhlolwa kwe-HPV, noma kokubili (ukuhlolwa okuhambisanayo) kule sampula. Isikhathi esiphakathi kokuhlolwa okubili singahluka kancane kuye ngokuthi wenza ukuhlolwa kwe-Pap noma ukuhlolwa okuhambisanayo.

Ngike ngakhishwa isisu. Ingabe ngidinga ukuhlolwa kwe-Pap?

Lokhu kuncike ohlotsheni lokuhlinzwa kwesisu owakwenza nokuthi ngabe kwenziwe ngenxa yomdlavuza noma esinye isizathu.

• Uma umlomo wakho wesibeletho uphelele noma ingxenye yawo iphelele , kufanele uqhubeke nokuhlolwa kwe-Pap.
• Uma umlomo wakho wesibeletho usususiwe ngokuphelele , ungase ungadingi olunye uhlolo lwe-Pap, kodwa lokho kuncike esizathwini sokususwa kwesibeletho.

Isibonelo, abantu abaye bakhishwa i-hysterectomy ngenxa yomdlavuza wesibeletho, wesibeletho, noma wesibeletho kungadingeka baqhubeke nokwenza izivivinyo ze-Pap ukuze bahlole izimpawu zomdlavuza ezicutshini zesitho sangasese sowesifazane. Kodwa-ke, uma ukhishwe i-hysterectomy ngenxa yesinye isimo, njenge- uterine fibroids , udokotela wakho angase anqume ukuthi usengozini encane yokuba nomdlavuza futhi awudingi ezinye izivivinyo ze-Pap. Ngakho-ke, kungcono ukukhuluma nodokotela wakho ngalokhu.

Ulungiselela kanjani ukuhlolwa kwe-Pap?

Ezinye izinto ozenzayo ezinsukwini ezingaphambi kokuhlolwa kwe-Pap smear zingathinta imiphumela yokuhlolwa. Ukuze uthole imiphumela enembile kakhulu, qaphela lezi zinto:

• Gwema ukuya ocansini lwesitho sangasese sowesifazane izinsuku ezimbili ngaphambi kokuhlolwa.
• Ungasebenzisi ama-tampon, okhilimu besitho sangasese sowesifazane noma imithi, amagwebu okuvimbela inzalo noma amajeli, amafutha okugcoba, noma ama-douche okungenani izinsuku ezimbili ngaphambi kokuhlolwa.
• Zama ukuhlela ukuhlolwa kwakho ngosuku olulandela ukuphela kwesikhathi sakho sokuya esikhathini . Uma uya esikhathini ngosuku lokuhlolwa, noma uma ucabanga ukuthi uyaya, shayela udokotela wakho umbuze ukuthi wenzeni.

Ngingakwazi yini ukuhlolwa kwe-Pap ngesikhathi ngisesikhathini?

Kungcono ukugwema ukuhlolwa kwe-Pap ngesikhathi sakho sokuya esikhathini, njengoba lokhu kungashintsha imiphumela. Abanye odokotela benza ukuhlolwa kwe-Pap ezinsukwini zokugcina zesikhathi sakho sokuya esikhathini (lapho ukopha kuncane). Kungcono ukucela iseluleko kudokotela wakho ngalokhu, noma ukuhlehlisa ukuhlolwa kuze kube usuku lapho ungenayo isikhathi sakho sokuya esikhathini.

Ukuhlolwa kwe-Pap kwenziwa kanjani?

Ukuhlolwa kwe-Pap kwenziwa ehhovisi likadokotela wakho. Akuthathi isikhathi eside, kuthatha imizuzu embalwa nje ukukwenza.

1. Okokuqala, uzocelwa ukuthi ukhumule izingubo zakho kusukela okhalweni kuye phansi noma ukhumule ngokuphelele bese ugqoka ingubo yasesibhedlela.

2. Okulandelayo, uzolala etafuleni lokuhlolwa imilenze yakho ivulekile nezithende zakho zigcwele ama-stirrup. Uzonikezwa indwangu noma iphepha lokumboza imilenze yakho.

3. Ngemuva kwalokho, udokotela uzokwenza ukuhlolwa kanje:

• Idivayisi ebizwa ngokuthi i-speculum ifakwa kancane esithweni sakho sangasese sowesifazane. Ungase uzizwe ucindezelekile kancane phakathi nalesi sikhathi. Lena ithuluzi lensimbi noma lepulasitiki. Lisetshenziselwa ukuvula isitho sakho sangasese sowesifazane ukuze udokotela akwazi ukubona kahle isibeletho sakho sowesifazane.
• Bese, besebenzisa into efana nebhulashi elincane noma i-spatula, bazokhipha amaseli ambalwa ebusweni besibeletho sakho ngobumnene.
• Ibhulashi noma isipuni esiqukethe amangqamuzana omlomo wesibeletho sifakwa epayipini noma ebhodleleni elincane eliqukethe uketshezi olukhethekile.
• Ekugcineni, i-speculum iyasuswa.

Yilokho kuphela! Ukuhlolwa sekuphelile.

Ingabe ukuhlolwa kwe-Pap kuyalimaza?

Ukuhlolwa kwe-Pap ngokuvamile akubuhlungu , kodwa kungaba yinto engakhululekile . Abanye abantu bangase bophe kancane ngemva kokuhlolwa. Kodwa akufanele ube nobuhlungu noma ukuqaqamba kwesisu. Uma uzizwa ungakhululekile isikhathi esingaphezu kwemizuzu embalwa, noma uma wopha isikhathi esingaphezu kwamahora angama-24, qiniseka ukuthi utshela udokotela wakho.

Yini ongayilindela ngemva kokuhlolwa kwe-Pap?

Udokotela wakho uzothumela isampula yamaseli elabhorethri, lapho isazi sezifo , uchwepheshe wamaseli, sizohlola amaseli ngaphansi kwesibonakhulu ukuze sibone ukuthi anomdlavuza noma anamaseli angajwayelekile ahlobene negciwane le-HPV.

Ingabe kukhona okungalungile ngokuhlolwa kwe-Pap?

Ukuhlolwa kwe-Pap smears kuyindlela ephephile kakhulu futhi ethembekile yokuhlola. Kungase kube nokopha ngemva kokuhlolwa, kodwa akufanele kube nobuhlungu noma ukungakhululeki. Akuvamile kakhulu ukuthi kube nemiphumela emibi engamanga , noma imiphumela emibi engamanga, engenzeka. Kodwa lokhu akuvamile kakhulu.

Ngizoyithola nini imiphumela yokuhlolwa kwami?

Kungathatha amasonto amathathu ukuthi udokotela wakho athole imiphumela yelabhorethri. Uma imiphumela isifikile, udokotela wakho uzokwazisa ukuthi kufanele wenze nini ukuhlolwa kwe-Pap okulandelayo, noma uma kudingeka ezinye izivivinyo.

Isho ukuthini imiphumela yokuhlolwa kwe-Pap?

Uma uthola imiphumela, ingahlukaniswa kanje:

• Okuvamile: Awekho amaseli angajwayelekile atholakele. Lokhu kusho ukuthi bekungekho lutho olungavamile kusampula. Lokhu ngezinye izikhathi kubizwa ngokuthi "umphumela ongemuhle." Uma kunjalo, kuzodingeka wenze ukuhlolwa kwe-Pap okulandelayo eminyakeni engaba mithathu (njengoba kunconywe udokotela wakho).
• Akucacile/Akuvamile:Abasebenzi belebhu abakwazi ukuqiniseka ukuthi amaseli ajwayelekile noma awajwayelekile. Kuleli qophelo, udokotela wakho angakucela ukuthi ubuye uzophinde uhlolwe i-Pap ezinsukwini ezimbalwa, noma angakucela ukuthi uthole ukuhlolwa kwe-HPV.
• Okungavamile: Ubukhulu kanye nesimo samaseli kwenza abukeke sengathi angaphambi komdlavuza. Odokotela baphinde bahlukanise la maseli ngokuthi “asezingeni eliphansi” noma “asezingeni eliphezulu.”
• Amaseli asezingeni eliphansi asho ukuthi kungathatha iminyaka ukuthi umdlavuza ukhule. Lawa avame ukubangelwa ukutheleleka kwe-HPV futhi angasuswa amasosha omzimba.
• Amaseli asezingeni eliphezulu asho ukuthi amaseli anamathuba amaningi okuphenduka umdlavuza ngokushesha. Kuleli qophelo, kudingeka ukuhlolwa okwengeziwe kanye nokwelashwa nakanjani.

Into ebalulekile ukuthi umphumela wokuhlolwa kwe-Pap ongacacile noma ongajwayelekile awusho ukuthi unomdlavuza wesibeletho! Kusho ukuthi kukhona okunye okudingeka kubhekwe. Udokotela wakho uzokhuluma nawe ngemiphumela yokuhlolwa nokuthi yini okufanele uyenze ngokulandelayo. Ngakho ungesabi.

Yiziphi izivivinyo ezenziwayo ngokulandelayo uma kutholakala umphumela wokuhlolwa kwe-Pap ongavamile?

Uma imiphumela yokuhlolwa kwe-Pap yakho ingajwayelekile, udokotela wakho angase akuncome ukuhlolwa okubizwa ngokuthi i-colposcopy . Abanye abantu benza olunye ukuhlolwa kwe-Pap kuqala ukuze babone ukuthi imiphumela iyafana yini nangaphambili.

Ukuhlolwa kwe-Pap kuwukuhlolwa kokuhlola kuphela - akukwazi ukuxilonga umdlavuza ngokuqinisekile. Ukuze athole ukuthi unomdlavuza wesibeletho, udokotela wakho uzokwenza i-colposcopy. Lokhu kuhlolwa kuzokwenza okulandelayo:

• Udokotela usebenzisa ithuluzi elikhethekile lokukhulisa elibizwa ngokuthi i-colposcope (njengelensi enkulu) ukuhlola ngokucophelela ubuso besibeletho sakho kanye nesitho sangasese sowesifazane.
• Uma kukhona izindawo ezibonakala zingajwayelekile, kuzothathwa isampula eyodwa noma ngaphezulu yezicubu ezincane (ama-biopsy) lapho.
• Lezi zibonelo zezicubu zithunyelwa elabhorethri ukuze zihlolwe amaseli omdlavuza noma amaseli angaphambi komdlavuza.

Ingabe ngidinga ukuhlolwa kwe-Pap uma ngingumuntu omsulwa?

Yebo. Akuwona wonke umdlavuza wesibeletho obangelwa ucansi. Ngisho noma ungenzi ucansi, kubalulekile ukwenza ukuhlolwa kwe-Pap uma uneminyaka engu-21 noma ngaphezulu. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi i-HPV iyimbangela eyinhloko yomdlavuza wesibeletho, futhi idluliselwa ngocansi. Kodwa-ke, umdlavuza wesibeletho ungenzeka ngaphandle kwe-HPV, futhi ngezinye izikhathi i-HPV ingadluliselwa ngokuxhumana okungeyona eyocansi (akuvamile kakhulu). Ngakho-ke, kungcono ukulandela izincomo zikadokotela wakho.

Ungakwazi yini ukwenqaba ukuhlolwa kwe-Pap?

Yebo, unelungelo lokwenqaba noma yikuphi ukuhlolwa kwezokwelapha. Kodwa-ke, izifundo zibonise njalo ukuthi ukuhlolwa kwe-Pap kuyindlela engcono kakhulu yokuvimbela umdlavuza wesibeletho. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukucabanga ngokucophelela ngalokhu futhi ukhulume nodokotela wakho ngaphambi kokwenza isinqumo.

Kwenzekani uma ungakaze wenze ukuhlolwa kwe-Pap?

Ngenxa yokuthi ukuhlolwa kwe-Pap kuyindlela eyinhloko yokuthola izinguquko zamaseli ezingaba umdlavuza, uma ungakaze wenze ukuhlolwa kwe-Pap, ungase ube nomdlavuza wesibeletho kodwa ungazi. Uma wenza kanjalo, umdlavuza ungakhula futhi ubangele izinkinga ezinkulu, ngisho nezisongela ukuphila. Uma umdlavuza usuqalile ukukhula, kunzima kakhulu futhi ukuwulapha. Kuhlale kungcono ukubamba lesi sifo kusenesikhathi. Ukuhlolwa kwe-Pap kuyindlela odokotela abangabona ngayo umdlavuza wesibeletho kusenesikhathi .

Abantu abaningi bayanqikaza noma besaba ukuthola i-Pap smear. Lokho kuvamile. Kodwa-ke, kubaluleke kakhulu empilweni yesitho sakho sangasese sowesifazane kanye nesesibelethweni. Ngenhlanhla, i-Pap smear ithatha imizuzu engaphansi kweyi-10 , futhi ukungakhululeki kuyanyamalala ngokushesha.

Izinto ezibaluleke kakhulu okufanele uzikhumbule (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

Ukuhlolwa kwe-Pap kuyithuluzi elibaluleke kakhulu lokuthola amangqamuzana angajwayelekile angaholela kumdlavuza wesibeletho.

• Uma uneminyaka ephakathi kuka-21 no-65, cela udokotela wakho ukuthi aqinisekise ukuthi uhlola i-Pap ngesikhathi.
• Ngokuthola amangqamuzana angaphambi komdlavuza noma anomdlavuza emlonyeni wesibeletho kusenesikhathi, wandisa kakhulu amathuba akho okunqoba ukulwa nomdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho. Ucwaningo lubonisa ukuthi abantu abangu-95% abelashwa amangqamuzana angaphambi komdlavuza ababi nomdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho kamuva.
• Umphumela wokuhlolwa kwe-Pap ongavamile awusho ukuthi unomdlavuza. Kusho nje ukuthi kudingeka ukuhlolwa okwengeziwe. Ungesabi futhi ulandele iseluleko sikadokotela wakho.

Impilo yakho isezandleni zakho. Ukungayeki ukuhlolwa okubalulekile okufana nalokhu kuzosiza kakhulu empilweni enempilo.

I - Pap_smear, Umdlavuza Wesibeletho, Impilo Yabesifazane, i-HPV, Amaseli Angaphambi Komdlavuza, Ukuhlolwa Kwempilo, I-Gynecology