Njengabantu baseSri Lanka, uma sicabanga ngezifo ezithwalwa omiyane, i-dengue ifika ngokushesha engqondweni yethu, akunjalo? Kodwa njengo-dengue, kunezinye izifo emhlabeni ezidluliselwa omiyane, kodwa zingaba yingozi kakhulu, futhi ezithinta ubuchopho. Namuhla sizokhuluma ngesifo esisodwa esinjalo. Igama laso yi-Western Equine Encephalitis. Nakuba lokhu kungavamile ezweni lakithi, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqaphela izinto ezinjalo.
Kuyini i-Western Equine Encephalitis?
Kalula nje, yisifo esibangelwa yigciwane esisakazwa ukulunywa omiyane. Uma sikhuluma iqiniso, yisifo esiseqenjini "le-arboviral". Okusho ukuthi, yisifo esibangelwa yigciwane esisakazwa yizinambuzane ezifana nomiyane nezimpukane. Igciwane elisibangelayo lifana kakhulu nezinye izinhlobo ezimbili eziyingozi zomkhuhlane wobuchopho, i-Eastern Equine Encephalitis kanye namagciwane e-Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis.
Lesi sifo singathinta abantu kanye namahhashi . Lesi sifo sidluliselwa umiyane onegciwane. Uhlobo oluyinhloko lomiyane olubangela lokhu yi-`(Culex tarsalis)`. Kodwa-ke, uhlobo lomiyane `(Aedes)` kanye ne-`(Culiseta)`, ezaziwa ngokusabalalisa udenga, nazo zingadlulisela leli gciwane.
Umjikelezo wemvelo waleli gciwane uphakathi kwezinyoni nomiyane. Okusho ukuthi, umiyane uluma inyoni enesifo, bese iluma inyoni enempilo bese isakaza lesi sifo. Abantu namahhashi bamane nje bangabasingathi abangengozi kulo mjikelezo. Okusho ukuthi, asisitholi lesi sifo ngqo enyonini. Kodwa-ke, akuvamile kakhulu, lesi sifo singadluliselwa kusuka kumama okhulelwe siye enganeni yakhe nge-placenta. Lesi akusona isifo sokuphefumula.
Ubani osengozini enkulu?
- Uma uhlala endaweni lapho lesi sifo sivame khona (ikakhulukazi izifundazwe zasentshonalanga nephakathi zase-United States).
- Uma uhamba endaweni efana naleyo.
- Uma uchitha isikhathi esiningi ngaphandle.
Ziyini izimpawu zalesi sifo?
Izimpawu zivame ukuqala ukuvela phakathi kwezinsuku ezi-5 nezingu-15 ngemva kokulunywa umiyane onegciwane. Izimpawu ekuqaleni zifana nezomkhuhlane ovamile.
| Izimpawu zokuqala | Incazelo |
|---|---|
| Imfiva | Ukushisa komzimba okwenyukayo. |
| Ikhanda elibuhlungu | Ikhanda elibuhlungu kakhulu. |
| Isicanucanu nokuhlanza | Ukuhlanza okubangelwa yisisu esibuhlungu. |
| Isifiso sokudla | Ukulahlekelwa isithakazelo ekudleni. |
| Ukukhathala nobuthakathaka | Ukuzizwa ukhathele kakhulu ukuthi ungenza noma yini. |
Esikhathini esiningi, lezi zimpawu ezivamile ziyaphela futhi lesi sifo sizophulukiswa. Kodwa-ke, ngezinye izikhathi lesi simo singaba sibi kakhulu. Cabanga nje, bekuzokwenzekani uma leli gciwane lisakazeka ngokushesha egazini lethu, liwele umgoqo wemvelo ovikela ubuchopho (umgoqo wegazi nobuchopho) bese lingena ebuchosheni uqobo?
Yilapho-ke lesi sifo siba yingozi. Lapho igciwane lingena ebuchosheni, lingabangela izimo ezibizwa ngokuthi i-encephalitis , okuwukuvuvukala kwezicubu zobuchopho, kanye ne-meningitis, okuwukuvuvukala kwezicubu ezimboze ubuchopho .
Uma uhlelo lwezinzwa luthinteka ngale ndlela, kungase kube nezimpawu ezilandelayo:
- Isiyezi
- Ukungakwazi ukubuka ukukhanya okukhanyayo (i-photophobia)
- I-Dementia nokuziphatha okuphazamisayo
- Ukulala ngokweqile
- Ukulahlekelwa ngokuphelele kwengqondo (i-coma)
- Ukuqina kwemisipha kanye nokuqaqamba (ukuqaqamba kwemisipha)
- Ukuquleka
- Imiphumela yesikhathi eside njengokukhubazeka kokufunda
Izingane ezincane kanye nabantu asebekhulile basengozini enkulu yalezi zinkinga zemizwa . Izinga lokufa ngenxa yalesi sifo liphakathi kuka-3% no-7%. Ngaphezu kwalokho, phakathi kuka-15% no-30% walabo abalulama kulesi sifo bangase babe nomonakalo wemizwa wesikhathi eside.
Lesi sifo sitholakala futhi selashwa kanjani?
Uma uke waya endaweni lapho lesi sifo sivame khona futhi uba nezimpawu ezingenhla, bona udokotela wakho ngokushesha . Izimpawu zalesi sifo zifana nezinye izinhlobo ze-viral meningitis, ngakho-ke ukuxilongwa kungaba nzima kancane.
Uma udokotela esola ukuthi uhlelo lwakho lwezinzwa luthintekile, ungase ulaliswe esibhedlela futhi uhlolwe kaningana.
- Ukubhoboza i-Lumbar: Ukuhlola uketshezi olusebuchosheni kanye nomgogodla (CSF).
- I-CT scan iyisivivinyo.
- Ukuskena kwe-MRI kuwukuhlolwa.
- Ukuhlolwa kwama-antibody: Nakuba lokhu kungaqinisekisa lesi sifo ngokuqiniseka, imiphumela ingathatha amasonto ambalwa ukuthi ibuye.
Azikho izidakamizwa ezithile zokulwa namagciwane zalesi sifo okwamanje. Ngakho-ke, ukwelashwa kuyasekela . Okusho ukuthi, odokotela banikeza imithi yokulawula izimpawu ezifana nomkhuhlane nobuhlungu. Uma uhlelo lwezinzwa luthinteke kakhulu, ukwelashwa egunjini lokunakekelwa okujulile (ICU) kungadingeka. Lokhu kufaka phakathi ukuphefumula ngomshini, ukulawula ukuxhuzula, ukugcina amazinga oketshezi lomzimba, kanye nokulawula izimo eziyingozi kakhulu njengokwanda kwengcindezi yangaphakathi kwekhanda.
Ungazivikela kanjani kulesi sifo?
Kukhona umuthi wokugomela omuhle wokuvikela amahhashi kulesi sifo. Nakuba umuthi wokugomela usuklanyelwe abantu, awutholakali kabanzi ukuze usetshenziswe emtholampilo. Usetshenziswa kuphela kubantu abasengozini enkulu, njengabasebenzi belabhoratri.
Ngakho-ke, into engcono kakhulu esingayenza ukuzivikela komiyane ngangokunokwenzeka . Lawa macebiso abaluleke ngokulinganayo kithi ukuze sizivikele ku-dengue.
| Indlela yokuvikela | Okufanele ngikwenze |
|---|---|
| Izikhathi zangaphandle | Nciphisa ukuchayeka kwakho ngaphandle ngesikhathi sasekuseni nakusihlwa (ekuseni nakusihlwa), lapho omiyane bevame kakhulu. |
| Izingubo | Gqoka amabhulukwe amade kanye namahembe anemikhono emide amboza umzimba kahle. |
| Ukuvikela indlu | Faka amanethi omiyane eminyango nasemafasiteleni. |
| Uma uyolala | Sebenzisa inethi yomiyane. Vikela inethi ngokuqinile ngaphansi komatrasi. |
| Isixoshi somiyane | Faka izinto zokuxosha izinambuzane esikhumbeni esiveziwe. Lezo eziqukethe izithako ezifana ne -DEET ne-picaridin zisebenza kahle kakhulu. |
| Izingubo nemishini | Futha u-0.5% (i-permethrin) ezingutsheni, emanetheni omiyane, kanye nasemishinini yokukhempa. Lokhu kuzoxosha noma kubulale omiyane. |
| Ukuvimbela ukuzala komiyane | Njengoba senza ukuvimbela ukusabalala komiyane be-dengue, gcina ikhaya lakho nendawo ezungezile ihlanzekile. Khulula amanzi ezindaweni zokuqoqela amanzi (izindawo zokugeza izinyoni, amabhakede, izimbiza zezimbali, amathayi) okungenani kanye ngesonto. Gcina amathangi amanzi evaliwe kahle. |
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- I-Western Equine Encephalitis yisifo esingavamile kodwa esingaba yingozi kakhulu esidluliselwa omiyane.
- Izimpawu zingasukela kumkhuhlane olula kuya kobunzima obungathinta ubuchopho. Izingane ezincane kanye nabantu asebekhulile basengozini enkulu.
- Njengoba kungekho ukwelashwa okuqondile kwalokhu, into engcono kakhulu ongayenza ukuzivikela kulesi sifo . Ngenxa yalokho, ukugwema omiyane kubalulekile.
- Uma uba nezimpawu ezisolisayo, ikakhulukazi uma uke waya endaweni lapho lesi sifo sivame khona, bona udokotela wakho ngokushesha.
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