Ubuwazi lezi zinto ngamaphaphu akho? Ake sixoxe!

Wake wacabanga ukuthi kumangalisa kangakanani ukuthi siyaphefumula? Ngisho noma siphefumula nje, kunendaba enkulu ngemuva kwakho. Lokhu kungenxa yesitho esimangalisayo emzimbeni wethu. Leso ngamaphaphu ethu. Ngakho-ke namuhla, ake sixoxe ngomngane wethu obizwa ngokuthi amaphaphu ? Usebenza kanjani, yiziphi izifo angazithola, nokuthi kufanele simnakekele kanjani? Ake sixoxe ngamagama alula.

Amaphaphu akho anjani?

Kalula nje, amaphaphu akho yizitho ezimbili eziyinhloko ezikusiza ukuphefumula. Ziyingxenye ebaluleke kakhulu yesistimu yakho yokuphefumula. Uhlelo lokuphefumula luyiqoqo lezitho ezihilelekile kuyo yonke inqubo yokungenisa umoya, ukususa izinto esizidingayo kuwo, nokususa izinto esingazidingi.

Unamaphaphu amabili, elinye ngakwesokudla kwesifuba sakho kanti elinye ngakwesokunxele. Isifuba sakho yindawo ephakathi kwentamo yakho nesisu sakho. Womabili amaphaphu ambozwe yisivikelo esibizwa ngokuthi izicubu ze-pleural . Kufana nencwadi enesembozo.

Iphaphu langakwesokudla nephaphu langakwesokunxele - njengabafowabo ababili!

Nakuba la maphaphu amabili ebukeka efana kancane, kukhona umehluko omncane.

• Iphaphu langakwesokudla: Lihlukaniswe izingxenye ezintathu. Silibiza ngokuthi ingxenye engenhla `(Superior lobe)`, ingxenye ephakathi `(Middle lobe)`, kanye nengxenye engezansi `(Inferior lobe)`. Lifushane kancane kunephaphu langakwesokunxele, kodwa libanzi.
• Iphaphu lesobunxele: Linama-lobe amabili. Lawa yi-lobe ephezulu `(Superior lobe)` kanye ne-lobe engezansi `(Inferior lobe)`. Ucabanga ukuthi kungani elakwesobunxele lincane? Isizathu siwukuthi, kufanele lenze isikhala senhliziyo yakho. Inhliziyo ingakwesobunxele. Yingakho iphaphu lesobunxele line-notch encane `(Cardiac notch)` ukuze lenze isikhala senhliziyo. Futhi, iphaphu lesobunxele line-extension encane phezulu ebizwa ngokuthi `(Lingula)` , iphaphu lesokudla elingenayo.

Iyiphi insizakalo esinikezwa amaphaphu?

Umsebenzi oyinhloko wamaphaphu ukunikeza imizimba yethu umoya-mpilo oyidingayo nokukhipha i-carbon dioxide ongayidingi. Lokhu kwenzeka cishe izikhathi ezingu-12 kuya kwezingu-20 ngomzuzu, ngisho nalapho simi nje. Cabanga nje, lo msebenzi awupheli ngisho nalapho silele!

Uhambo olumangalisayo lokuphefumula

Uma uphefumula ngekhala noma ngomlomo, umoya uqala ungene ngemuva komphimbo wakho, i-pharynx. Bese udlula e-larynx (ibhokisi lethu lezwi) bese ungena ku-trachea (umphimbo womoya).

Lo mbhobho womoya uhlukana kabili, njengohlamvu u-Y. Abizwa ngokuthi amapayipi amakhulu e-bronchial. Elinye ipayipi liya ephashini lesobunxele, kanti elinye liya ephashini lesokudla. Le migudu yomoya kumele ihlale ivulekile, ingenakho ukuvuvukala noma uketshezi. Kulapho kuphela lapho amaphaphu angasebenza kahle khona.

Bese le migudu yomoya eyinhloko ihlukana ibe amapayipi amancane. Lawa abizwa ngokuthi ama-bronchi. Lawa ahlukana abe amagatsha amancane, abizwa ngokuthi ama-bronchioles . Lawa ma-bronchi aphela ngezikhwama zomoya ezincane ezibukeka njengeziqoqo zamagilebhisi. Lawa abizwa ngokuthi ama-alveoli .

Umoya-mpilo ungaphakathi, ikhabhoni-dioksayidi ingaphandle!

Kukulezi alveoli lapho kwenzeka khona ukushintshana okumangalisayo. Umoya-mpilo osemoyeni esiwuphefumulayo umuncwa egazini ngalezi alveoli. Igazi elicebile ngomoya-mpilo bese liya enhliziyweni, lapho liphampulwa khona emzimbeni wonke. Lena yindlela iseli ngalinye elithola ngayo umoya-mpilo.

Uma amangqamuzana esebenzisa lo moya ukuze asebenze, i-carbon dioxide ikhiqizwa njengomkhiqizo ongcolile. Leyo carbon dioxide ibuyiswa egazini bese iyiswa emaphashini. Uma sikhipha umoya, okungukuthi, uma siphefumula, le carbon dioxide iyakhishwa emzimbeni.

Abaqaphi bamaphaphu

Uhlelo lwethu lokuphefumula luhle kakhulu ekuvimbeleni izinto eziyingozi emzimbeni ukuthi zingangeni emaphashini.

• Izinwele zasekhaleni : Lezi zisebenza njengezihlungi ezihlanza umoya. Zibamba izinhlayiya ezinkulu zothuli nezinambuzane, njll., khona kanye ekhaleni.
• I-mucus: Le mucus igcina izindlela zomoya zimanzi. Iphinde ibambe uthuli namagciwane .
• I-Cilia : Lokhu kufana nemishanelo. Kusiza ekunyuseni ulwelwesi futhi kusize ekukhipheni. Esinye sezizathu ezenza ukubhema kube yingozi kakhulu ukuthi la ma-cilia alahlekelwa ukusebenza kwawo. Lokhu kwandisa ingozi yesifo samaphaphu.

Amanye amaqiniso amangalisayo ngamaphaphu!

Manje, bheka la maqiniso. Kungenzeka ukuthi awukaze uzwe lawa ngaphambili.

• Ungaphila ususiwe ingxenye encane yamaphaphu akho. Akumangalisi lokho? Ngezinye izikhathi ungaphila nephaphu elilodwa nje.
• Amaphaphu yiwona kuphela isitho emzimbeni wethu esintantayo uma sifakwa emanzini!
• Uma uzivocavoca, ungandisa amandla amaphaphu akho, okuyinani lomoya ongawuphefumula.
• Kukhona ama-alveoli aphakathi kwezigidi ezingu-300 nezingu-500 emaphashini omuntu omdala ojwayelekile! Akukholeki, akunjalo?

Akuphi amaphaphu akho? Abukeka kanjani?

Amaphaphu akho atholakala ngaphakathi kwesifuba. Aphumula emsipheni omkhulu obizwa ngokuthi i-diaphragm .

Amaphaphu aphilile ngokuvamile anombala opinki-ompunga. Cishe uke wabona izithombe zamaphaphu abantu ababhemayo nabangabhemi. Amaphaphu alimele ukubhema anombala omnyama ompunga, ngezinye izikhathi anamabala amnyama. Amaphaphu anesimo esingunxantathu, futhi ngezinye izikhathi achazwa njengafana nezindlebe zendlovu.

Iphaphu lomuntu omdala lilinganisa cishe ikhilogremu elilodwa ngokwesilinganiso. Lingaba amasentimitha angu-9 ubude ngesikhathi sokuphefumula okuvamile, futhi likhula libe amasentimitha angu-10.5 ngesikhathi sokuphefumula okujulile.

Yiziphi izifo ezingathinta amaphaphu ethu?

Ngeshwa, amaphaphu ethu angaphinde abe nezifo ezahlukahlukene. Ezinye zincane futhi zilulama ngokushesha. Kodwa ezinye zimbi kakhulu futhi zingahlala isikhathi eside. Nazi ezinye zezifo ezivame kakhulu:

• I-Asbestosis: Ukulimala kwamaphaphu kanye nezicubu ze-pleural okubangelwa ukuphefumula imicu ye-asbestos.
• Isifuba somoya: Ubunzima bokuphefumula ngenxa yokuncipha kwemigudu yomoya.
• I-Bronchiectasis: Ukuvuvukala kwamapayipi e-bronchial, okubangela ukukhwehlela kwe-phlegmy kanye nobunzima bokuphefumula.
• I-Bronchitis: Uphawu oluyinhloko ukukhwehlela. Lokhu kungaba okuphuthumayo, okuvele ngokuzumayo bese kuba ngcono, noma okungamahlalakhona, okuhlala isikhathi eside.
• I-COPD (Isifo Sokuphefumula Esingapheli Esivimba Amaphaphu): Isifo sokuphefumula esiqhubekayo, esingaguquki.
• I-Covid-19 `(COVID-19)`: Lokhu kutheleleka ngegciwane kungabangela ukugula kokuphefumula okuncane kuya kokubi kakhulu.
• I-Croup: Ukutheleleka kokuphefumula okuthinta izingane ezincane ezingaphansi kweminyaka emihlanu ubudala.
• I-Cystic Fibrosis: Isifo sofuzo lapho ulwelwesi olunamathelayo nolujiyile luqongelela khona emaphashini nakwezinye izitho zomzimba.
• Umkhuhlane: Isifo samaphaphu esibangelwa yigciwane.
• Umdlavuza Wamaphaphu: Ukubhema kuyimbangela enkulu yalokhu.
• I-Mesothelioma: Lolu uhlobo lomdlavuza. Lubangelwa kakhulu ukuhogela imicu ye-asbestos.
• I-pneumonia: Ukutheleleka kwamaphaphu. Kungabangela uketshezi ukugcwalisa amaphaphu futhi kungadinga ukulaliswa esibhedlela.
• I-Pulmonary Fibrosis: Ubunzima bokuphefumula ngenxa yezibazi emaphashini. Lokhu akukwazi ukwelapheka.
• Amaqhubu Ephaphu: Amaqhubu akheka emaphashini. Isikhathi esiningi, lawa awawona umdlavuza (angabi yingozi).
• I-RSV (Respiratory Syncytial Virus): Ukutheleleka kokuphefumula okungathinta kokubili izingane ezincane kanye nabantu abadala.
• Isifo Sofuba: Lokhu kuthinta kakhulu amaphaphu, kodwa kungathinta nezinye izingxenye zomzimba.

Ziyini izimpawu zesifo samaphaphu? Uzibona kanjani?

Izimpawu zesifo samaphaphu zingafaka:

• Ukuphelelwa umoya: Ukuzizwa uphelelwa umoya ngisho noma uzikhandla kancane.
• Ubuhlungu besifuba: Ubuhlungu besifuba uma uphefumula noma ukhwehlela.
• Ukukhwehlela: Ukukhwehlela okungapheli ikakhulukazi, ukukhwehlela okuphakamisa igazi eline-phlegm.
• Ukukhathala: Ukuzizwa ukhathele nje.
• Ukuphefumula: Umsindo wokukhala komoya owenziwa yisifuba lapho uphefumula.
• Ukuvuvukala kwamaqakala nezinyawo.

Okubalulekile: Uma unezinye zalezi zimpawu, qiniseka ukuthi ubona udokotela. Ukutholwa kusenesikhathi kulula ukukwelapha.

Yiziphi izivivinyo ezenziwayo ukuhlola ukuthi amaphaphu aphilile yini?

Uma uya kudokotela, uzokuhlola futhi athole izinto ezithile.

Indlela udokotela akuxilonga ngayo

• Amaphaphu alalelwa nge-stethoscope ukuhlola noma yimiphi imisindo engajwayelekile, njenge-"Crackles/Rales" (imisindo emincane eqhumayo), i-"Wheezing" (umsindo wokuphefumula ophakeme), kanye ne-"Stridor" (umsindo wokuphefumula ophakeme).
• Ukuphefumula kubala ukuthi uphefumula kangaki ngomzuzu.
• Bazolalela amaphaphu akho futhi babone ukuthi kukhona yini ushintsho ezwini lakho.
• I-pulse oximeter iyithuluzi elincane elinamathiselwe emunweni futhi lilinganisa izinga lomoya-mpilo egazini.

Ngaphezu kwalokhu kuhlolwa ngokomzimba, udokotela angase acele ezinye izivivinyo.

Ukuthatha izithombe ukuze uzibheke ngaphakathi - Ukuhlolwa Kwezithombe

Lezi zivivinyo zivumela udokotela ukuthi abone ukuthi isimo sinjani ngaphakathi kwamaphaphu.

• I-X-ray yesifuba
• Iskeni se-CT `(Iskeni se-Computed Tomography)`
• I-Ultrasound
• Ukuskena kwe-MRI `(Ukuskena kwe-Magnetic Resonance Imaging)`

Ukuhlolwa Kokusebenza Kwephaphu (Ukuhlolwa okuhlola ukuthi amaphaphu asebenza kahle kangakanani)

Lokhu kubizwa nangokuthi ukuhlolwa kokusebenza kwamaphaphu. Kuhlola ukuthi amaphaphu akho angaphefumula kahle kangakanani futhi abambe umoya.

• I-Spirometry
• I-Body Plethysmography
• Ukuhlolwa Kokusabalalisa
• Ukuhlolwa kwe-Nitric Oxide ephumayo
• Ukuhlolwa Komthamo Wamaphaphu
• Ukuhlolwa Kokuphefumula kweMethacholine
• Ukuhlolwa Kokuhamba Ngemizuzu Eyisithupha

Kungase kube nokuhlolwa okwenziwa ngaphansi kwe-anesthesia.

Ngezinye izikhathi ikhamera ifakwa emaphashini ukuze ibheke ngaphakathi (i-Bronchoscopy), kuthathwa ingcezu yezicubu bese ihlolwa (i-Lung Biopsy), noma kwenziwe i-thoracotomy.Kungase kudingeke ukuthi wenze izivivinyo/ukwelashwa okuhilela ukuvula isifuba, njenge-x-ray yesifuba. Lokhu kuvame ukwenziwa ngaphansi kwe-anesthesia.

Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha izifo zamaphaphu?

Uma unesifo samaphaphu, ukwelashwa kwakho kuzoncika ohlotsheni lwesimo onaso kanye nempilo yakho iyonke. Izindlela zokwelapha zingase zihlanganise imithi, ukuvivinya umzimba, imishini ekhethekile, kanye nokuhlinzwa.

Imithi

Lokhu kunganikezwa njenge-inhaler, njengoketshezi lwe-nebulizer, njengamaphilisi omlomo, noma njengomjovo.

• Ama-steroid anciphisa ukuvuvukala emigudwini yomoya.
• Ama-antibiotic elapha izifo.
• Ama-bronchodilator okwandisa imigudu yokuphefumula. Lawa eza ngezindlela ezisebenza isikhathi esifushane kanye nezisebenza isikhathi eside.
• Ama-Mucolytics asiza ekunciphiseni ulwelwesi futhi enze kube lula ukukhwehlela.
• Thuthukisa amazinga e-oxygen ngokwelashwa nge-oxygen .
• Yelapha umdlavuza nge -chemotherapy kanye/noma ukwelashwa ngemisebe .
• Imithi yokugomela ukuvikela izifo.

Ukuzivocavoca kanye nezinsiza

• Amasu okuphefumula akhethekile, isibonelo (i-Pursed Lip Breathing) kanye (i-Diaphragmatic Breathing) .
• Amadivayisi Okuhlanza Umoya , njenge- Vest Therapy, asiza ekususeni amafinyila emigudwini yomoya.

Ukuhlinzwa

Kwezinye izimo, ukuhlinzwa kuyadingeka.

• Ukususwa kwengxenye yamaphaphu (i-Lobectomy) .
• Ukususwa kwama-lobes amabili emaphashini (i-Bilobectomy) .
• I-Thoracentesis inqubo yokususa uketshezi emaphashini.
• Ukususwa okuphelele kwephaphu elilodwa (i-Pneumonectomy) .
• Ukufakelwa Kwamaphaphu .

Yini esingayenza ukuze sigcine amaphaphu ethu ephilile? (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

Kulungile, ngakho-ke lena yingxenye ebaluleke kakhulu. Kunezinto eziningi esingazenza ukuze sigcine amaphaphu ethu ephilile, noma silawule isifo samaphaphu uma sinaso.

• Into yokuqala nebaluleke kakhulu ukuyeka ukubhema uma wenza kanjalo. Kungokufanayo nangokusebenzisa i-vaping. Lesi yisipho esikhulu kunazo zonke ongasinika amaphaphu akho.
• Zama ukugcina isisindo esinempilo. Abantu abakhuluphele ngokweqile banamathuba amancane okuba nomdlavuza wamaphaphu.
• Vivinya umzimba njalo. Kodwa xhumana nodokotela wakho ngaphambi kokuqala noma yiluphi uhlelo lokuzivocavoca.
• Yidla ukudla okunempilo, ngobuningi obufanele.
• Phuza amanzi amaningi (ngaphandle uma udokotela wakho ekuncishisile ukuphuza amanzi).
• Thola imijovo enqunywe udokotela ngesikhathi.Isibonelo, umuthi wokugomela umkhuhlane, umuthi wokugomela i-pneumonia.
• Geza izandla zakho njalo futhi kahle. Lokhu kungakusiza ekuvikeleni ezifweni.
• Hlala kude nabantu abagulayo ngangokunokwenzeka.

Khumbula, yize uhlelo lwethu lokuphefumula lunezindlela zokusivikela, amaphaphu ethu angagula. Amanye alulama ngokushesha. Kodwa amanye anzima futhi ahlala isikhathi eside. Uma unesifo samaphaphu sesikhathi eside, udokotela wakho ojwayelekile uzokudlulisela kudokotela wamaphaphu . Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukulandela imiyalelo enikezwe yithimba lakho lezokwelapha ngqo. Ngemuva kwalokho ungaphefumula kalula ngangokunokwenzeka.

Amaphaphu , Uhlelo Lokuphefumula, Ukuphefumula, I-oksijini, Isifo Samaphaphu, Amaphaphu Anempilo, Amaphaphu