Ubuwazi la maqiniso ngamaphaphu akho? Ake sixoxe! - Nirogi Lanka

Wake wama wacabanga ukuthi isenzo esilula sokuphefumula simangalisa kangakanani ngempela? Nakuba kuzwakala kuyinto evamile, kunendaba ethakazelisayo eyenzekayo ngemuva kokuphefumula ngakunye, eqhutshwa esinye sezitho ezibaluleke kakhulu emzimbeni wakho: amaphaphu akho. Ake sihlole amaphaphu akho ndawonye lapha eNirogi Lanka. Sizochaza indlela asebenza ngayo, izimo ezivamile abhekene nazo, nokuthi ungawanakekela kanjani kangcono ngamagama alula, okulula ukuwaqonda.

Ziyini izimpumulo zakho?

Kalula nje, amaphaphu akho yizitho ezimbili eziyinhloko ezibangela ukuphefumula kwakho. Ziyingqikithi yesimiso sakho sokuphefumula —inethiwekhi emangalisayo edonsa umoya emzimbeni wakho, imunce umoya-mpilo owudingayo, futhi isuse amagesi angcolile ongawadingi.

Unamaphaphu amabili, atholakala ohlangothini lwesobunxele nolwesokudla lwesifuba sakho. Isifuba sakho—indawo ephakathi kwentamo yakho nesisu sakho—sigcina lezi zitho, ezivikelwe ulwelwesi oluncane nolushelelayo olubizwa ngokuthi i -pleura . Ungalucabanga njengesivikelo sencwadi.

Iphaphu Lesobunxele Nelesokudla – I-Dynamic Duo

Nakuba amaphaphu akho ebukeka efana kakhulu, ngalinye linezici ezihlukile.

• Iphaphu Langakwesokudla: Lokhu kuhlukaniswe izingxenye ezintathu ezibizwa ngokuthi i-lobe ephezulu, i-lobe ephakathi, kanye ne-lobe engaphansi. Lifushane kancane kodwa libanzi kunephaphu lakho langakwesokunxele.
• Iphaphu Lesobunxele:Lokhu kuqukethe izingxenye ezimbili kuphela: i-lobe ephezulu kanye ne-lobe ephansi. Wake wazibuza ukuthi kungani iphaphu lesobunxele lincane? Lihloselwe ukwenza indawo yenhliziyo yakho, ebekwe kancane ngakwesobunxele. Iphaphu lesobunxele linokufakwa okukhethekile okubizwa ngokuthi i-cardiac notch ukuze livumelane nalo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, iphaphu lesobunxele linombono omncane, ofana nolimi ku-lobe yalo ephezulu eyaziwa ngokuthi i -lingula , isici esingatholakali ephashini lesokudla.

Uyini umsebenzi oyinhloko wamaphaphu akho?

Umsebenzi oyinhloko wamaphaphu akho ukunikeza umzimba wakho umoya-mpilo owudingayo ngenkathi ususa imfucuza ye-carbon dioxide. Le nqubo yenzeka cishe izikhathi ezingu-12 kuya kwezingu-20 ngomzuzu, ngisho nalapho uphumule. Cabanga nje—lo msebenzi obalulekile awupheli, ngisho nalapho ulele!

Uhambo Olumangalisayo Lokuphefumula

Uma uphefumula ngekhala noma ngomlomo, umoya uqala ngokuya ngemuva komphimbo wakho, owaziwa ngokuthi i-pharynx. Bese udlula e -larynx (ibhokisi lakho lezwi) bese ungena ku-trachea (umphimbo wakho womoya).

I-trachea ihlumela ibe yisimo se-Y ibe yizimbobo ezibizwa ngokuthi ama-bronchial tubes, kanye nembobo eyodwa eholela ephashini ngalinye. Ukuze amaphaphu akho asebenze kahle, lezi zindlela zomoya kumele zihlale zihlanzekile futhi zingenakho ukuvuvukala noma ukuminyana.

Lawa mapayipi e-bronchial asakazeka kabanzi emigwaqweni emincane yomoya ebizwa ngokuthi i-bronchi, ehlukana ibe amagatsha amancane kakhulu aziwa ngokuthi ama-bronchioles . Lawa aphela ngamaqoqo amancane, afana namagilebhisi ezikhwama zomoya ezibizwa ngokuthi ama-alveoli .

I-oksijini Ingena, I-Carbon Dioxide Iphuma!

Yilapho kwenzeka khona umlingo: kuma-alveoli. I-oksijini evela emoyeni owuphefumulayo idluliselwa ngalezi zikhwama iye egazini lakho. Leli gazi elinomoya-mpilo liyahamba liye enhliziyweni, eliyipompa kuwo wonke umzimba wakho ukuze londle amaseli akho.

Njengoba amangqamuzana akho esebenza, akhiqiza i-carbon dioxide njengomkhiqizo ongcolile. Le carbon dioxide ibuyela egazini bese ibuyela emaphashini akho. Uma ukhipha umoya, ususa le nkunkuma emzimbeni wakho ngempumelelo.

Abavikeli Abavikelayo Bamaphaphu Akho

Uhlelo lwakho lokuphefumula lusebenza kahle kakhulu ekuvimbeleni izinto eziyingozi emaphashini akho:

• Izinwele Zasekhaleni: Lezi zisebenza njengesihlungi semvelo, zibamba izinhlayiya ezinkulu zothuli nezinto zangaphandle ngaphambi kokuba zingene emaphashini akho.
• I-mucus e-Airways: Lokhu kugcina izindlela zakho zomoya zimanzi futhi kubamba uthuli namagciwane .
• I-Cilia: Lezi zakhiwo ezincane ezifana nezinwele zisebenza njengomshanelo, zishanela izinhlayiya ezibambeke phezulu ukuze ukwazi ukukhwehlela noma ukuzisusa. Enye yezingozi zokubhema ukuthi kulimaza lezi cilia, okwandisa kakhulu ingozi yakho yesifo samaphaphu.

Amaqiniso Athakazelisayo Ngamaphaphu Akho!

Nazi ezinye izinto ezimangalisayo okungenzeka ukuthi ubungazi:

• Ungasinda uma ingxenye yephaphu isusiwe kuphela, noma kwezinye izimo, ngisho nephaphu elilodwa lodwa.
• Amaphaphu yiwona kuphela isitho emzimbeni womuntu esikwazi ukuntanta emanzini!
• Ukuvivinya umzimba njalo kungasiza ekwandiseni amandla amaphaphu akho—inani lomoya elingabanjwa amaphaphu akho.
• Amaphaphu omuntu omdala aqukethe ama-alveoli aphakathi kwezigidi ezingu-300 nezingu-500. Kunzima ngempela ukuqonda!

Akuphi amaphaphu akho futhi abukeka kanjani?

Amaphaphu akho agcinwe ngaphakathi kwesifuba sakho, ephumule phezu kwe- diaphragm , umsipha omkhulu obalulekile ekuphefumuleni.

Amaphaphu aphilile ngokuvamile anombala opinki-ompunga. Uma uke wabona izithombe eziqhathanisa amaphaphu omuntu obhemayo nongabhemi, ungase uqaphele ukuthi amaphaphu alimele abonakala empunga noma anamabala amnyama. Isimo sawo singunxantathu, ngokuvamile uma siqhathaniswa nezindlebe zendlovu.

Iphaphu lomuntu omdala linesisindo esingaba yikhilogremu elilodwa. Uma liphefumula ngokujwayelekile, liba ngamasentimitha angu-9 ubude, likhula libe cishe ngamasentimitha angu-10.5 ngesikhathi sokuphefumula okujulile.

Yiziphi izimo ezivamile ezithinta amaphaphu ethu?

Ngeshwa, amaphaphu ethu angaba sengozini yezimo ezahlukahlukene. Amanye mancane futhi axazululeka ngokushesha, kanti amanye angathi sína kakhulu futhi angadinga ukuphathwa isikhathi eside. Nazi ezinye zezinkinga zokuphefumula ezivame ukubonakala:

• I-Asbestosis: Ukulimala kwezicubu zamaphaphu neze-pleural okubangelwa ukuhogela imicu ye-asbestos.
• I-asthma: Isimo lapho izindlela zakho zokuphefumula zincipha, okuholela enkingeni yokuphefumula .
• I-Bronchiectasis: Ukuvuvukala kwemigudu yakho yomoya (i-bronchi) okuvame ukubangela ukukhwehlela okuqhubekayo kanye noketshezi kanye nobunzima bokuphefumula.
• I-Bronchitis: Ibonakala ngokukhwehlela; lokhu kungaba yisimo 'esibucayi' esiphelayo noma isimo 'esingapheli' sesikhathi eside.
• I-COPD (Isifo Esingapheli Sokuvimbela Amaphaphu): Isifo samaphaphu esiqhubekayo nesingenakuguqulwa esenza kube nzima ukuphefumula.
• I-COVID-19: Ukutheleleka ngegciwane okungadala izifo zokuphefumula ezisukela kwezincane kuya kwezinzima kakhulu.
• I-Croup: Ukutheleleka kokuphefumula okuvame ukubonakala ezinganeni ezingaphansi kweminyaka emi-5 ubudala.
• I-Cystic Fibrosis: Isimo esizuzwe njengefa lapho ulwelwesi olujiyile nolunamathelayo luqongelela khona emaphashini nakwezinye izitho zomzimba.
• Umkhuhlane: Ukutheleleka kwamaphaphu okubangelwa yigciwane okwaziwa kakhulu ngokuthi umkhuhlane.
• Umdlavuza Wamaphaphu: Ukusetshenziswa kukagwayi kuyimbangela eyinhloko yengozi yalesi simo.
• I-Mesothelioma: Uhlobo oluthile lomdlavuza olubangelwa kakhulu ukuhogela imicu ye-asbestos.
• I-pneumonia: Ukutheleleka kwamaphaphu okungase kubangele ukwakheka koketshezi emaphashini futhi ngokuvamile kudinga ukulaliswa esibhedlela.
• I-Pulmonary Fibrosis: Ukulimala kwamaphaphu okungenakuguqulwa okuholela ebunzimeni obukhulu bokuphefumula.
• Amaqhubu Ephaphu: Ukukhula emaphashini; lokhu kuvame ukuba 'okungenabungozi' (akunawo umdlavuza).
• I-RSV (Respiratory Syncytial Virus): Ukutheleleka kokuphefumula okuthinta kokubili izingane ezincane kanye nabantu abadala.
• Isifo Sofuba: Sithinta kakhulu amaphaphu kodwa singathinta nezinye izingxenye zomzimba wakho.

Ziyini izimpawu zesifo samaphaphu, futhi ungazibona kanjani?

Ungase uqaphele izimpawu ezilandelayo uma unesifo samaphaphu:

• Ukuphelelwa umoya (Ukuphelelwa umoya): Ukuzizwa sengathi awukwazi ukuthola umoya owanele, ngisho nangesikhathi sokuzilolonga okuncane.
• Ubuhlungu Besifuba: Ukungakhululeki esifubeni sakho uma uphefumula noma ukhwehlela.
• Ukukhwehlela: Ikakhulukazi ukukhwehlela okuqhubekayo noma okukhiqiza igazi.
• Ukukhathala: Ukuzizwa ukhathele noma ubuthakathaka ngendlela engavamile.
• Ukuphefumula: Umsindo wokukhala kwekhwela ophakeme uma uphefumula.
• Ukuvuvukala emaqakaleni nasezinyaweni zakho.

Okubalulekile: Uma uhlangabezana nalezi zimpawu, sicela uxhumane nodokotela ngokushesha. Ukuxilongwa kusenesikhathi yithimba laseNirogi Lanka kuthuthukisa kakhulu imiphumela yakho yokwelashwa.

Yiziphi izivivinyo ezisetshenziswayo ukuhlola ukuthi amaphaphu akho aphilile yini?

Uma uvakashela udokotela, bazohlola isimo sakho ngokuhlolwa ngokomzimba kanye namanye amathuluzi okuxilonga.

Ukuhlolwa kwakho ngokomzimba

• Udokotela wakho uzolalela amaphaphu akho nge-stethoscope ukuthola imisindo engavamile efana nokuthi 'Crackles/Rales' (imisindo eqhumayo), 'Wheezing' (ukushaya ikhwela), noma 'Stridor' (ukuphefumula okuphezulu).
• Bazobala ukuphefumula kwakho (inani lokuphefumula kwakho ngomzuzu).
• Bangase balalele amaphaphu akho ngenkathi ukhuluma ukuze bahlole ukuthi kukhona yini ukungasebenzi kahle kwezwi.
• I-Pulse Oximetry: Idivayisi encane exhunywe emunweni wakho elinganisa amazinga omoya-mpilo egazini lakho.

Ngaphezu kokuhlolwa ngokomzimba, udokotela wakho angase akucele ukuthi kwenziwe olunye uhlolo.

Ukuhlolwa Kwezithombe

Lezi zivivinyo zivumela udokotela wakho ukuthi abone ngeso lengqondo ingaphakathi lamaphaphu akho.

• I-X-ray yesifuba
• Ukuskena kwe-CT (Computed Tomography)
• I-Ultrasound
• Isikeni se-MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging)

Ukuhlolwa Komsebenzi Wephaphu

Lezi zivivinyo zilinganisa ukuthi amaphaphu akho asebenza kahle kangakanani, ukuthi angabamba umoya ongakanani, nokuthi uwuhambisa kanjani umoya kahle.

• I-Spirometry
• I-Body Plethysmography
• Ukuhlolwa Kokusabalalisa
• Ukuhlolwa kwe-Nitric Oxide ephumayo
• Ukuhlolwa Komthamo Wamaphaphu
• Ukuhlolwa Kokuphefumula kweMethacholine
• Ukuhlolwa Kokuhamba Ngemizuzu Eyisithupha

Izinqubo Ezithuthukisiwe

Kwezinye izimo, udokotela wakho angase ancome i-'Bronchoscopy' ukuze abuke izindlela zakho zomoya ngekhamera, i-'Lung Biopsy' ukuze athathe isampula yezicubu, noma ngisho ne-'Thoracotomy' (ukuvulwa kwesifuba ngokuhlinzwa). Lokhu kuvame ukwenziwa ngaphansi kwe-anesthesia.

Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha izifo zamaphaphu?

Izinhlelo zokwelapha zincike ngokuphelele ekuxilongweni kwakho kanye nempilo yakho iyonke. Uhlelo lwakho lungafaka phakathi imithi, izivivinyo zendlela yokuphila, amadivayisi ezokwelapha akhethekile, noma ukuhlinzwa.

Imithi

Lokhu kunganikezwa nge-inhaler, i-nebulizer, amaphilisi omlomo, noma imijovo.

• Ama-Steroids: Ukunciphisa ukuvuvukala emigudwini yakho yomoya.
• Ama-antibiotic: Ukwelapha izifo ezibangelwa amagciwane.
• Ama-Bronchodilator: Ukuvula imigudu yakho yokuphefumula; atholakala ngezinhlobo ze-'Short-acting' kanye ne-'Long-acting'.
• I-Mucolytics: Ukunciphisa ulwelwesi nokwenza kube lula ukuluhla emaphashini akho.
• Ukwelashwa Nge-Oxygen: Ukuthuthukisa amazinga akho e-oxygen.
• Ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali kanye/noma ngemisebe: Ukwelapha umdlavuza wamaphaphu.
• Imithi yokugoma: Ukuvikela izifo zokuphefumula.

Ukuzivocavoca kanye namadivayisi

• Amasu okuphefumula akhethekile, njenge-'Pursed Lip Breathing' kanye ne-'Diaphragmatic Breathing'.
• 'Amadivayisi Okususa Umoya' njenge-'Vest Therapy' ukusiza ukususa amafinyila.

Ukuhlinzwa

Kwezinye izimo, ukuhlinzwa kungadingeka.

• Ukususwa kwe-lobe eyodwa yamaphaphu (i-Lobectomy) .
• Ukususwa kwama-lobes amabili emaphashini (i-Bilobectomy) .
• I-Thoracentesis , inqubo esetshenziselwa ukususa uketshezi oluningi endaweni ezungeze amaphaphu.
• Ukususwa kwephaphu lonke (i-Pneumonectomy) .
• Ukufakelwa Kwamaphaphu .

Ungawagcina kanjani amaphaphu akho ephilile? (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

Mhlawumbe lena yingxenye ebaluleke kakhulu. Kunezinyathelo eziningi ongazithatha ukuze ugcine amaphaphu akho ephilile noma uphathe izimo zokuphefumula ezikhona ngempumelelo.

• Isinyathelo esibaluleke kakhulu ukuyeka ukubhema uma ubhema. Lokhu kufaka phakathi ukubhema nge-vape. Yisipho esikhulu kunazo zonke ongasinika amaphaphu akho.
• Gcina isisindo esinempilo. Isisindo esiningi singanciphisa isikhala amaphaphu akho asidingayo ukuze akhule ngokugcwele.
• Vivinya umzimba njalo. Kodwa-ke, sicela uxhumane nodokotela wakho ngaphambi kokuqala noma yimuphi umkhuba omusha wokuzivocavoca.
• Yidla ukudla okunempilo nokulinganiselayo.
• Hlala unamanzi anele (ngaphandle kokuthi udokotela wakho ekuyalile ukuthi unciphise uketshezi olusetshenziswayo).
• Hlala unolwazi lwakamuva ngemigomo njengoba kunconywe udokotela wakho, njengemigomo ye-influenza kanye ne-pneumonia.
• Geza izandla zakho njalo ukuze uvimbele izifo.
• Gwema ukusondelana nabantu abangaphilile kahle.

Khumbula, yize uhlelo lwakho lokuphefumula lunezivikelo ezakhelwe ngaphakathi, amaphaphu angase abe nesifo. Ezinye izimo ziphela ngokushesha, kanti ezinye zimbi futhi zingamahlalakhona. Uma unesifo samaphaphu sesikhathi eside, udokotela wakho oyinhloko angakudlulisela kudokotela wezifo zamaphaphu . Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukulandela iseluleko sethimba lakho lezokwelapha ngokunembile.Lokhu kuzosiza ukuqinisekisa ukuthi uyakwazi ukuphefumula kalula ngangokunokwenzeka. Uma uhlangabezana nobunzima bokuphefumula obungazelelwe, sicela ushayele u-911 noma uvakashele umnyango wezimo eziphuthumayo oseduze nawe ngokushesha.

` INirogi Lanka, amaphaphu, uhlelo lokuphefumula, ukuphefumula, umoya-mpilo, isifo samaphaphu, amaphaphu anempilo