Ubunzima bokukhuluma kubantu abanesifo sikaParkinson: Ake sixoxe ngalokhu!

Isifo sikaParkinson yisifo sobuchopho esithinta ukunyakaza kwemizimba yethu, futhi ngezinye izikhathi senza kube nzima ngathi ukukhuluma nokuxhumana nabanye. Kodwa ungakhathazeki, kunezindlela zokusisiza sibhekane nalesi simo. Ake sixoxe ngaso namuhla.

Kuvamile kangakanani ukuba nenkinga yokukhuluma ngesifo sikaParkinson?

Eqinisweni, abantu abaningi abanesifo sikaParkinson banenkinga yokukhuluma. Odokotela babiza lesi simo ngokuthi i-dysarthria . Phakathi kuka-75% no-90% wabantu abangaphezu kwezigidi eziyisikhombisa emhlabeni wonke abanesifo sikaParkinson, noma cishe abantu abathathu kwabane , bangase babe nezinkinga zezwi nenkulumo ngesikhathi sesifo. Ngakho-ke lokhu kuyinto ethinta abantu abaningi.

Kungani abantu abanesifo sikaParkinson benenkinga yokukhuluma?

Kalula nje, isifo sikaParkinson sithinta ukusebenza kwezinzwa nemisipha ehilelekile ekhonweni lethu lokukhuluma. Cabanga ngokuthi zingaki izinto okufanele zisebenze ndawonye lapho sikhuluma. Ngakho-ke nazi izingxenye ezingathinteka yilesi sifo:

• Ibhokisi lakho lezwi `(Larynx)` . Lena yindawo eyinhloko lapho sikhiqiza khona izwi lethu.
• Umphimbo kanye nemisipha ehambisana nawo.
• Imisipha yokuphefumula . Kunzima ukukhuluma uma ungakwazi ukuphefumula kahle, akunjalo?
• Ulwanga, ulimi, nezindebe zomlomo . Lokhu kumele kusebenze kahle ukuze kuphunyiswe amagama ngokucacile.
• Ukunyakaza kwemisipha yobuso . Ngisho nokubukeka kobuso kubalulekile lapho sikhuluma.
• Kungathinta nezingxenye ezithile zobuchopho ezilawula ukuzwa, izwi, kanye nenqubo yokukhuluma .

Yiziphi izinkinga zokukhuluma nezwi ezingaba khona esifweni sikaParkinson?

Uma unesifo sikaParkinson, ungase ubhekane nalezi zinguquko enkulumweni nasezwini:

• Izwi liyathamba, ivolumu liyancipha.
• Izwi elifana nethoni, elingenalo ushintsho lwethoni. Njengerobhothi.
• Izwi elihoshozelayo noma umuzwa wokuminyana.
• Ukuphefumula ezwini. Lokhu kulula ukukuqonda kulabo abalalele.
• Kuzwakala sengathi umzamo omkhulu, njengokuncishiswa kwamandla, njengokungathi ibhethri "liyaphela" ngenkathi ukhuluma.
• Ubunzima bokuphimisa izinhlamvu namagama ngokucacile nangokulula.
• Ukuthuthumela ezwini.
• Ukungaqondi kahle, njengokungathi amagama ayaxazululwa.
• Ukushesha kwenkulumo okufushane kuwukufunda okusheshayo nokuqhubekayo kwamagama amaningi ngesikhathi esisodwa.
• Ukulahlekelwa ukubukeka kobuso. Imizwa esiyibonisa ebusweni bethu lapho sikhuluma iyancipha.

Okubalulekile, ungase ungazi ukuthi lezi zinguquko zenkulumo zishintsha wena. Ushintsho ekhwalithini yezwi lakho luvame ukuba uphawu lokuqala. Lokhu kulandelwa ukungakwazi ukukhuluma ngokucacile nangokushelelayo. Izinkinga zenkulumo zivame ukuba zimbi ngokwanele ukuba kube nzima kwabanye ukuziqonda, futhi lokhu kuvame ukwenzeka kamuva kulesi sifo.

Ngingathola usizo kubani ngalezi zinkinga zokukhuluma?

Uma unezinkinga ngezwi lakho noma ekukhulumeni, kungcono ukubona umelaphi wolimi lokukhuluma . Udokotela wakho womndeni noma udokotela wakho okwelaphayo angakusiza ukuthola umelaphi omuhle endaweni yakini. Abanye abelaphi bolimi lokukhuluma baqeqeshwe ngokukhethekile ukuqinisa amazwi abantu abanesifo sikaParkinson, noma ukwandisa ivolumu yabo. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi i-Lee Silverman Voice Treatment .

Abelaphi benkulumo kanye nolimi ngabantu abaqeqeshwe ngokukhethekile ukuxilonga nokwelapha izinkinga zokukhuluma, ulimi kanye nokugwinya. Uma unesifo sikaParkinson, udokotela wengqondo angakusiza:

• Kukusiza ukuthi ugcine amakhono akho okuxhumana kahle ngangokunokwenzeka .
• Uzofundiswa ngisho nezindlela zokonga amandla, okungukuthi, ukuxhumana okungenazwi, okuhlanganisa ukuveza imibono ngokusebenzisa izimpawu zomzimba nezimpawu ngaphandle kwamagama.
• Sizokwethula amadivayisi namasu okusiza ukuze ingxoxo yakho ibe lula.
• Kunconywa ukuzivocavoca okukhethekile ukuqinisa imisipha edingekayo ekukhulumeni nokuthuthukisa ukunyakaza.

Uma unenkinga yokukhuluma, yini ongayenza ukuze uthuthukise ukuxhumana?

Kulungile, manje ake sibone ukuthi yini ongayenza ukuze wenze ukukhuluma nabanye kube lula uma unezinkinga zezwi nenkulumo. Lezi zinto ezincane zingakusiza:

• Khetha indawo ethule, enomsindo ophansi yokukhuluma. Cima noma yiziphi izinto ezinomsindo njenge-TV noma umsakazo. Lokhu kuzosiza umuntu okulalele ukuthi ezwe lokho okushoyo ngokucacile.
• Khuluma kancane. Ungasheshi.
• Uma ukhuluma, qiniseka ukuthi umuntu olalele uyakwazi ukubona ubuso bakho. Mbheke emehlweni bese ukhuluma. Ukukhuluma ekamelweni elikhanyiswe kahle kuthuthukisa ukuxhumana ubuso nobuso futhi kwenza kube lula ukuqonda okushoyo.
• Sebenzisa imisho emifushane. Shaya igama elilodwa noma amabili noma i-syllable eyodwa noma amabili ngesikhathi esisodwa.
• Ngaphambi kokukhuluma nothile noma ukushaya ucingo, hlela ukuphumula kancane .
• Khumbula ukuthi ukukhathala kungathinta kakhulu ikhono lakho lokukhuluma. Amanye amasu asebenza ekuseni angase angasebenzi kahle kusihlwa, lapho ukhathele.
• Gcina umphimbo wakho umanzi. Phuza amanzi amaningi. Gwema iziphuzo ezine-caffeine (njengekhofi netiye) notshwala. Uma umoya endlini yakho womile, sebenzisa i-humidifier.
• Gcina umzimba wakho uqondile, isilevu siphezulu, nentamo iphakanyisiwe kancane. Lokhu kuzosiza umoya ukuthi ugeleze usuka emaphashini akho uye ebhokisini lakho lezwi.
• Uma izwi lakho lithambile noma liphansi kakhulu, cabanga ngokusebenzisa i-amplifier. Lokhu kungasiza ekwandiseni ivolumu yezwi lakho.

Uma unenkinga yokuqonda lokho abanye abakushoyo, yini enye ongayenza?

Uma ngezinye izikhathi ukuthola kunzima ngabanye ukuqonda lokho okushoyo, zama lezi zindlela:

• Uma ukwazi ukubhala kalula, hlala ubeka ipeni nephepha eduze. Ngemuva kwalokho ungabhala phansi lokho ofuna ukukusho bese ukukubonisa.
• Uma ukubhala kunzima, sebenzisa ibhodi lezinhlamvu. Ungakhomba noma ukhombe uhlamvu lokuqala lwamagama owashoyo.
• Uma ungawaqondi amagama, wapelete ngokuzwakalayo noma uwabonise ebhodini lezinhlamvu.
• Ngaphambi kokuthi uqale ukukhuluma, chaza isihloko ozokhuluma ngaso. Lokhu kuzokwenza kube lula ukuthi umlaleli asiqonde.
• Sebenzisa inkulumo yocingo. Okusho ukuthi, susa amagama angadingekile bese usebenzisa amagama ambalwa ukudlulisa incazelo yesihloko kuphela.
• Uma ungaliqondi igama, sebenzisa amagama afanayo, uwabhale phansi, bese uwaphinda ngokuzwakalayo, uhlamvu nohlamvu.
• Sebenzisa izimpawu zamagama wonke umuntu awaziyo, njengokushukumisa isandla sakho ukuze uthi “yeka.” Sebenzisa izimpawu zamagama njengoba usho lawo mazwi.

Yimaphi amanye amadivayisi okuxhumana asiza ngezinkinga zezwi nenkulumo?

Uma ukuthola kunzima ukukhuluma, uzizwa ukhungathekile noma ucindezelekile ngokungakwazi ukukhuluma, noma uzithola unenkinga yokukhuluma, cabanga ngala mathuluzi nezindlela zokusiza ukwenza umyalezo wakho uqondakale kakhudlwana:

• Ukukhulisa izwi: Lokhu kungaba yi-amplifier yomuntu siqu ephathekayo noma i-amplifier yocingo. Lokhu kungasetshenziswa ukwandisa ivolumu yezwi lomuntu onezwi elithambile. I-amplifier iphinde inciphise ukukhathala kwezwi.
• Uhlelo lwe-TTY lokudlulisa ucingo: Lolu ucingo olunekhibhodi. Ungathayipha lokho okushoyo bese ulufundela umuntu olalele ngomqhubi we-relay. Ungathayipha wonke umlayezo, noma amagama ongawaqondi.
• Amadivayisi asebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obuphansi: Izibonelo zamadivayisi okusiza asebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obuphansi zifaka izincwadi namabhodi asekelwe ephepheni, amabhodi ezinhlamvu (lapho ukhomba khona uhlamvu lokuqala lwegama ngalinye elibalulekile olishoyo, noma usho igama uhlamvu ngohlamvu), kanye namadivayisi okuthayipha.
• Izithuthukisi zenkulumo ze-elekthronikhi zobuchwepheshe obuphezulu, amadivayisi okuxhumana: Amakhompyutha anama-synthesizer ezwi namadivayisi akhiqiza inkulumo aseyatholakala manje. Khuluma nochwepheshe wakho wenkulumo nolimi mayelana namadivayisi obuchwepheshe obuphezulu afanelana kahle nezidingo zakho.

Abantu abazwayo bangamsiza kanjani umuntu onenkinga yokukhuluma?

Nazi ezinye izindlela abangani nomndeni abangasiza ngazo ukwenza ingxoxo ibe lula kumuntu onesifo sikaParkinson lapho ekhuluma:

• Khuluma nomuntu onesifo sikaParkinson ubuso nobuso, bese umbheka ngesikhathi ekhuluma.
• Buza imibuzo engaphendulwa ngo-"yebo" noma "cha" olula.
• Phinda ingxenye yomusho oyiqondile. (Isibonelo, "Ufuna ngikhuphukele phezulu ngiyolanda ini?")
• Mcele ukuthi aphinde lokho akushilo, akhulume kancane, noma apele amagama ongawaqondi.

Yiziphi izinto okufanele umuntu onesifo sikaParkinson kanye nobunzima bokukhuluma abe nazo esimweni esiphuthumayo?

Ukuze ulungiselele isimo esiphuthumayo, cabangela lezi zinto:

• Sebenzisa uhlelo lwe-intercom noma i-baby monitor ukuze wazise abanye ngesimo esiphuthumayo.
• Uma ungakwazi ukukhuluma , sebenzisa izinsimbi noma ama-buzzers. Sebenzisa "amakhodi" ukukhombisa ukuphuthuma. Isibonelo, insimbi encane ingasho ukuthi "Ngidinga ukukhuluma nothile," noma i-horn yomoya ingasho isimo esiphuthumayo.
• Gcina ifoni yakho inezici ezihleliwe kusengaphambili. Hlela kusengaphambili zonke izingcingo zakho ukuze zishayele izinombolo eziphuthumayo ngokuzenzakalelayo.
• Uma ungumuntu ochitha isikhathi wedwa, bhalisela insizakalo yenkinobho ethi "Life Call". Ucindezela inkinobho kudivayisi, evame ukugqokwa esihlakaleni noma entanyeni yakho, ethumela isignali enkampanini yesevisi, ezokwazisa abathandekayo bakho kanye/noma izinsizakalo eziphuthumayo zasendaweni.

Ingabe ubunzima bokugwinya (i-Dysphagia) kwisifo sikaParkinson kuyathinta ukukhuluma?

Ubunzima bokugwinya, isimo esibizwa ngokuthi i-dysphagia, sivame kakhulu kubantu abanesifo sikaParkinson. Lokhu kungenzeka kunoma yisiphi isigaba sesifo, kushintshe njengoba isifo siqhubeka, futhi kube kubi kakhulu njengoba izimpawu ziba zimbi kakhulu. Tshela udokotela wakho kanye/noma uchwepheshe wezinkulumo nolimi ngokushesha nje lapho ubona ukuthi unenkinga yokugwinya. Izimpawu zobunzima bokugwinya zifaka: ukuvuza amathe, ukuminyana, ukukhwehlela, ubunzima bokugwinya amaphilisi, ukuthatha isikhathi eside ukudla, ukwehlisa isisindo, kanye nokuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni.

Inkinga enkulu kakhulu yobunzima bokugwinya - kanye nesizathu sokuthi kufanele ubone udokotela ngokushesha - yile:Ukufutha. Ukufutha yilapho ukudla noma uketshezi kungena emphinjeni wakho (i-trachea) bese kungena emaphashini akho. Lokhu kungabangela isimo esibi esibizwa ngokuthi i-aspiration pneumonia .

Nakuba ubunzima bokugwinya bungase bungathinti ngqo ikhono lakho lokukhuluma, izinkinga zokugwinya nezinkinga zezwi nenkulumo zivame ukwenzeka ngesikhathi esisodwa.

Ekugcineni, khumbula lokhu.

Kuvamile ukuthi abantu abanesifo sikaParkinson babe nezinkinga zezwi nezokukhuluma, ikakhulukazi njengoba lesi sifo siqhubeka. Lezi zinkinga zingenza kube nzima ngawe ukuxhumana emsebenzini, nomndeni, kanye nabangani. Kungathinta nekhwalithi yempilo yakho.

Kodwa into engcono kakhulu ukuthi, uchwepheshe wezokukhuluma nolimi angakusiza ukuthi wakhe uhlelo lokwelapha olusebenzayo oluzokusiza ukuthi uthuthukise amakhono akho okuxhumana. Ngakho-ke, uma unalezi zinkinga, ungahlupheki wedwa, kodwa funa iseluleko sezokwelapha kanye nokusekelwa kwezokwelapha. Khumbula, awuwedwa kulolu hambo, futhi baningi abantu abangakusiza.

Isifo sikaParkinson , ubunzima bokukhuluma, i-dysarthria, izwi, ukuxhumana, ukwelashwa kokukhuluma, ubunzima bokugwinya