Ingabe uke wakuthola kunzima ukukhuluma noma ukuqonda ngokuzumayo? Ake sifunde ngalokhu (i-Global Aphasia)!

Cabanga nje, uxoxa kahle futhi ngokuzumayo awukwazi ukuhlanganisa amagama akho, awuqondi ukuthi abanye bathini. Noma awukwazi ukubhala noma ukufunda. Lokhu kuyinto ekwenza uzizwe ungenamandla, akunjalo? Ngezinye izikhathi lolu hlobo lwesimo esibi lungabangelwa yisimo esibizwa ngokuthi (i-Global Aphasia). Ake sixoxe ngalokhu ngemininingwane ethe xaxa namuhla, kulungile?

Kuyini i-Global Aphasia?

Kalula nje, i-Global Aphasia iwukulahlekelwa ngokuzumayo kweningi lamakhono ethu olimi - ukukhuluma, ukuqonda, ukubhala, ukufunda - njengokungathi lonke uhlelo lwethu lokuxhumana luvaliwe. Kunezinhlobo eziningi zokukhubazeka kolimi okubizwa ngokuthi i-Aphasia, kodwa i-Global Aphasia ibhekwa njengeyona embi kakhulu futhi esakazeke kabanzi .

Kodwa nansi into ebaluleke kakhulu okudingeka uyikhumbule. Nakuba amakhono akho olimi ethintwa yi-(Global Aphasia), ukuhlakanipha kwakho, ukuhlakanipha, noma (Intelligence) akuthinteki nganoma iyiphi indlela. Usahlakaniphile, ungumuntu ocabangayo. Kodwa inselele enkulu ukuziveza nokuqonda okushiwo abanye. Kufana nokuthi uyazi ukushayela imoto kahle, kodwa injini yemoto ayisebenzi.

Ziyini izimpawu ze-(Global Aphasia)?

Uma lesi simo senzeka, izimpawu ezilandelayo zibonakala kakhulu:

• Kungaba nzima kakhulu ukuqonda ukuthi othile uthini, futhi ngezinye izikhathi ungase ungaqondi lutho nhlobo. Kungase kuzwakale sengathi ukhuluma olunye ulimi.
• Ikhono lokufunda nokubhala lincipha kakhulu noma lilahleke ngokuphelele. Umuntu angase angakwazi ngisho nokubhala igama lakhe, ingasaphathwa eyokubhala iphephandaba noma incwadi.
• Bangase bangakwazi ukuveza izidingo zabo nemizwa yabo ngamazwi. Bangase bakwazi ukusho igama elilodwa noma amabili kuphela, noma bangase bangakwazi ukukhuluma nhlobo.

Ngakho-ke cabanga ukuthi uzizwa ungenamandla kangakanani uma lokhu kwenzeka. Ukungakwazi ukuxhumana nabanye kungaholela ekubeni nesizungu ngisho nasekucindezelekeni. Ungazizwa unesizungu emhlabeni, ungakwazi ukuveza imizwa yakho, ungakwazi ukuqonda ukuthi abanye bathini.

Ingabe abantu abakulesi simo bangabhala futhi bafunde?

Ngeshwa, umuntu one-(Global Aphasia) akanalo ikhono lokubhala noma lokufunda. Lawo makhono acishe alahleke ngokuphelele. Ngoba lesi simo sithinta zonke izici zolimi.

Yiziphi izimbangela ze-(Global Aphasia)?

Isizathu esiyinhloko salesi simo ukulimala okukhulu kwezikhungo ezibalulekile ebuchosheni bethu ezisebenza nolimi.Ubuchopho bethu buyinto eyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu. Izingxenye ezahlukene zabo zenza imisebenzi ehlukene. Ikakhulukazi, kunezingxenye ezimbili zobuchopho esizibiza ngokuthi (indawo kaBroca) kanye (indawo kaWernicke). Lezi yizingxenye ezisisiza ukuqonda ulimi, ukusebenzisa isilulumagama nohlelo lolimi, kanye nokwakha amagama nemisho. Njengesofthiwe yekhompyutha. Uma lokhu (indawo kaBroca) konakele, kuzoba nobunzima bokukhuluma, futhi uma lokhu (indawo kaWernicke) konakele, kuzoba nobunzima bokuqonda. Ku-(Global Aphasia), kungaba nomonakalo omkhulu kuzo zombili lezi zindawo noma kuzo.

Ngakho-ke kunezindlela ezimbili eziyinhloko lapho lolu hlobo lomonakalo wobuchopho lungenzeka khona:

• Isifo sohlangothi. Lesi yimbangela evame kakhulu. Ngesikhathi sohlangothi, ukugeleza kwegazi kuya ebuchosheni kuyama, okubangela ukuba amangqamuzana obuchopho afe.
• Ukulimala Kobuchopho Okwenzakalisayo (i-TBI) ukulimala okukhulu ekhanda. Isibonelo, umthelela omkhulu ekhanda, njengengozi yemoto noma ukuwa, kungabangela lolu hlobo lomonakalo.

Itholakala kanjani i-Global Aphasia?

Udokotela uzoxilonga i-Global Aphasia ngokukuhlola, ukwenza ukuhlolwa kwezinzwa, nokwenza ezinye izivivinyo. Phakathi nalezi zivivinyo, udokotela uzokubuza wena noma umnakekeli wakho imibuzo mayelana nezimpawu zakho nomlando wempilo. Njengoba ungase ube nobunzima bokukhuluma nokuqonda, kungaba usizo kakhulu ukuba nomuntu omethembayo nawe phakathi nalesi sikhathi. Lowo muntu angakusiza uphendule imibuzo udokotela ayibuzayo.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, udokotela angase acele i-MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) noma i-CT scan (Computed Tomography scan) ukuze abone ubukhulu bomonakalo ebuchosheni, okungukuthi, ukuthi umonakalo uphi ebuchosheni nokuthi unzima kangakanani. Lokhu kuskena kungathatha isithombe esicacile sobuchopho.

Ukuze kuqinisekiswe lokhu kutholakala kwesifo, ungathunyelwa kudokotela wezifo zolimi lokukhuluma (SLP). Lochwepheshe uzohlola amakhono akho olimi - ukukhuluma, ukuqonda, ukufunda, nokubhala - ukuze anqume ubucayi bezinkinga zakho zokucubungula ulimi. Lokhu kuhlola kuzophinde kunqume ukuthi yiziphi izinhlobo zokwelapha ezizozanywa.

Iphathwa kanjani i-Global Aphasia?

Udokotela wakho angase akuncome ukwelashwa kwenkulumo ukuze kwelashwe isimo sakho (i-Global Aphasia). Ekwelashweni kwenkulumo, uzosebenzisana eduze nodokotela wezifo zolimi lokukhuluma (SLP). Bazokusiza ngalokhu okulandelayo:

• Bazama ukubuyisa amakhono olimi nokuxhumana alahlekile. Kancane kancane, bajwayela ukukhumbula amagama nokuhlanganisa imisho.
• Funda ezinye izindlela zokuxhumana. Ngisho noma ungakwazi ukukhuluma, ungaziveza ngezinye izindlela.
• Fundisa abathandekayo bakho nalabo abakukhathalelayo indlela yokuxhumana nawe ngempumelelo.Ngoba bafuna nokwazi ukuthi bangakusiza kanjani.

Udokotela angase futhi ancome izindlela zokwelapha ezifana nalezi:

Izindlela zokwelapha ezahlukahlukene

• Ukuxhumana Okungeziwe Nokwehlukile (AAC): Kunezindlela eziningi zokuxhumana ngaphandle kokukhuluma. Udokotela wezokwelapha uzokufundisa izindlela ezahlukene zokuveza izidingo zakho. Isibonelo, ungase ukwazi ukutshela umuntu ukuthi udinga okuthile kokudla, ukuphuza, noma ukuya endlini yokugezela ngokumbonisa izithombe, izimpawu, noma isibonakaliso esinezinhlamvu. Ungase ukwazi nokusebenzisa idivayisi efana nethebhulethi.
• Ukwelashwa Ngezenzo Ezibonakalayo (i-VAT): Lokhu kuyindlela yokwelapha engeyona eyomlomo. Umelaphi ukufundisa izimpawu (ukunyakaza komzimba) ukumela izinto ezahlukene. Ukunyakaza kwakho kukusiza ukuthi ukhulume. Isibonelo, uma uthi ufuna ukuphuza amanzi, ungagoqa iminwe yakho sengathi ubambe ingilazi bese uhambisa isandla sakho emlonyeni wakho. Noma ungenza sengathi uthatha ikamu bese ukama izinwele zakho esikhundleni sokusho igama elithi 'ikamu'.
• Ukwelashwa Komculo (Ukwelashwa Nge-Melodic Intonation): Umelaphi usebenzisa isigqi kanye ne-melody ukuze avuselele izindawo zokucubungula ulimi zobuchopho bakho. Ngezinye izikhathi kulula ukusho amagama engoma, njengengoma, kunokukhuluma. Lokhu kungathuthukisa inkulumo yakho kanye nendlela oqonda ngayo ulimi.

Khumbula, lezi zindlela zokwelapha ngeke zilethe imiphumela ngobusuku obubodwa. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqhubeka nokuzibandakanya nazo ngesineke nangokuzinikela.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, izivivinyo zemitholampilo ziyaqhubeka njengamanje ukuze kuhlolwe izindlela ezintsha zokwelapha i-aphasia yomhlaba wonke kanye nokusebenza kwayo. Ungase ufaneleke ukuzama imithi noma amasu okuvuselela ubuchopho njenge-Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) kulezi zivivinyo zemitholampilo. Khuluma nodokotela wakho ngalokhu.

Kungenzeka yini ukululama ngokuphelele ku-Global Aphasia?

Lona umbuzo abantu abaningi abawubuzayo. Ukululama kwakho kuncike ezintweni eziningi. Isibonelo, izinga lomonakalo wobuchopho, indawo yomonakalo, iminyaka yakho, impilo yakho iyonke, nokuthi uqale ngokushesha kangakanani ukwelashwa. Udokotela wakho angakunikeza iseluleko esingcono kakhulu ngesimo sakho.

Izimpawu zivame ukuba zimbi kakhulu ngokushesha ngemva kokushaywa yisifo sohlangothi noma ukulimala kobuchopho. Kodwa-ke, ungase uqaphele ukuthi izimpawu zakho ziyathuthuka kancane kancane emavikini nasezinyangeni ezilandelayo. Izinyanga ezimbalwa zokuqala yilapho uzobona khona ukuthuthuka okukhulu.

Abanye abantu bayalulama baze bafike ezingeni lapho bengakwazi ukusebenza kahle, ngisho noma benenkinga yokukhuluma. Abanye bangase babe nezimpawu impilo yabo yonke. Ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, kungase kudingeke balawule isimo sabo impilo yabo yonke. Kodwa ungaphelelwa yithemba. Ngokwelashwa, izinga lempilo yakho lingathuthuka.

Ingabe lesi simo singavinjelwa?

Asikwazi ukuvimbela zonke izimbangela ezingaba khona ze-aphasia yomhlaba wonke. Isibonelo, into efana nengozi engalindelekile. Kodwa-ke, kunezinto ongazenza ukuze unciphise ingozi yakho:

• Lawula noma yiziphi izimo zezokwelapha eziyisisekelo ongase ube nazo , njengesifo sikashukela, umfutho wegazi ophakeme, kanye namazinga e-cholesterol. Lokhu kungandisa ingozi yakho yokushaywa unhlangothi.
• Thatha izinyathelo zokuphepha uma wenza imisebenzi eyingozi kakhulu. Isibonelo, ukugqoka isigqoko sokuzivikela uma ugibela ibhayisikili noma isithuthuthu, kanye nokugqoka izicathulo zokuzivikela uma usebenza ekwakheni.
• Shayela izinsizakalo eziphuthumayo (njengo-911) ngokushesha nje lapho ubona izimpawu zokuqala zesifo sohlangothi (isb., ukugoba kolunye uhlangothi lobuso, ukungazweli engalweni, ubunzima bokukhuluma). Lokhu kungasiza ekunciphiseni ukulimala kobuchopho. Isikhathi sibaluleke kakhulu lapha.

Kufanele ubonane nini nodokotela?

Uma wena noma othandekayo wakho nithola ubunzima bolimi ngokuzumayo obuthinta ikhono lakho lokukhuluma, ukuqonda, ukubhala, noma ukufunda , bona udokotela ngokushesha. Ikakhulukazi uma lezi zimpawu zihambisana nezimpawu zesifo sohlangothi (ukugoba kobuso, ukungazweli engalweni), kuyisimo esiphuthumayo. Udokotela anganquma izinketho zokwelapha ezingcono kakhulu zesimo sakho.

Yimiphi imibuzo okufanele uyibuze udokotela wakho?

Uma unakekela othandekayo wakho nge-Global Aphasia, enye yezindlela ezinhle kakhulu ongasiza ngazo ukubuza ithimba lezokwelapha imibuzo ebalulekile efana nale:

• "Hlobo luni lokululama engingalulindela kumuntu engimthandayo? Ingabe uzolulama ngokugcwele?"
• "Kudingeka kangaki futhi isikhathi esingakanani aye ekwelashweni kokukhuluma?"
• "Ngingaxhumana kanjani nomuntu engimthandayo oye wabhekana ne-(Global Aphasia)? Ngingakhuluma kanjani ngendlela abayiqondayo futhi ebasizayo?"
• "Yini esingayenza ekhaya ukuze sithuthukise inhlalakahle yakhe?"
• "Ingabe zikhona ezinye izinkinga ezingase zivele ngenxa yalesi simo?"

Njengoba ufunda lesi sihloko, kunzima ukucabanga ukuthi umuntu one-Global Aphasia kumelwe azizwe kanjani. Ukucula amagama engoma oyithandayo, ukufunda isihloko sephephandaba, noma ukuhleka nomngane kungaba yinto engenakwenzeka ngokuzumayo ngemva kokuhlaselwa yisifo sohlangothi. Ukungakwazi ukuziqonda wena noma abanye kungaba yinto ekwenza ube wedwa kakhulu. Kodwa akudingeki ubhekane nakho wedwa. Odokotela, abelaphi bezinkulumo, umndeni, nabangane bazosebenzisana nawe kanye nabathandekayo bakho ukudala uhlelo lokwelashwa oluqondene nezidingo zakho. Bangakusiza ufunde izindlela ezintsha zokuziveza ngezindlela ezenza ukuxhumana kube lula futhi kuphumelele kakhudlwana.

Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya

Nakuba i-Global Aphasia iyisimo esesabekayo nesinzima, ngokwelashwa okufanele kwezokwelapha, ukwelashwa kwenkulumo, kanye nokusekelwa kwabathandekayo, kunethuba lokuthuthukisa amakhono okuxhumana ngezinga elithile nokuguqula impilo yakho. Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukufuna iseluleko sezokwelapha ngokushesha nje lapho ubona izimpawu futhi uhlanganyele ekwelashweni ngokuzinikela nangesineke. Khumbula, wena noma othandekayo wakho aniwedwa kulolu hambo, baningi abantu abazokusiza futhi bakusekele. Ungapheli amandla!

I - Aphasia Yomhlaba Wonke, I-Aphasia, Ukuphazamiseka Kwenkulumo, Ukukhubazeka Kolimi, Uhlangothi, Ukulimala Kobuchopho, Ukwelashwa Kwenkulumo