Okokuqala, siyakuhalalisela ngokufika kwengane yakho emhlabeni! Lesi yisikhathi esihle kakhulu nesinzima empilweni yakho nalesi sivakashi esisha. Ngakho-ke, namuhla sizoxoxa ngalokho okwenzekayo esibhedlela ngemva kokuzalwa kwengane, ukunakekelwa okutholwayo, kanye nokuhlolwa okwenziwayo. Ukuqaphela lezi zinto kusengaphambili kuzokusiza kakhulu njengomzali omusha.
Kwenzekani ngokushesha nje lapho umntwana ezalwa?
Cabanga nje, ngokushesha nje lapho umntwana efika kuleli zwe, ithimba lodokotela nabahlengikazi selikulungele ukuhlola inhlalakahle yomntwana. Nakuba iningi lezingane lizalwa liphilile, ezinye izingane zingadinga usizo oluncane.
Ngakho-ke, izinto eziyinhloko okufanele zenziwe ngokushesha ngemva kokuzalwa komntwana yilezi:
- Ukuhlolwa kwe-Apgar: Lokhu kuhlola isimo sempilo esiyisisekelo somntwana nokuthi ngabe kudingeka yini usizo lwezokwelapha ngokushesha.
- Umuthi wokugomela i-Vitamin K: Lona umuthi wokugomela obaluleke kakhulu ezinganeni.
- Imithi yamehlo : Lokhu kwenzelwa ukuvikela amehlo engane ezifweni.
Ngemuva kwalokho, ngaphambi kokuthumela ingane yakho ekhaya, uzonikezwa ezinye izivivinyo kanye nemigomo embalwa. Konke lokhu kungenxa yokuphepha kwakho kanye nenhlalakahle yengane yakho.
Kungani lezi zivivinyo kanye nemijovo zinikezwa ingane?
Manje ake sibone ukuthi kungani senza konke lokhu.
Iyini i-Apgar test?
Lena indlela eyasungulwa nguDkt. Virginia Apgar ngo-1952. Lokhu kuhlolwa kwenziwa ngomzuzu wokuqala nangemizuzu emihlanu ngemva kokuzalwa. Kugxila ezintweni ezinhlanu. Kulula ukukhumbula, njengoba igama elithi APGAR lisikisela:
- A – Ukubukeka ( umbala wesikhumba ): Umbala wesikhumba somntwana uyahlolwa ukuze kubonakale ukuthi upinki noma uluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.
- P – Ukushaya kwenhliziyo (isilinganiso senhliziyo): Isilinganiso senhliziyo yengane siyalinganiswa.
- G – Ukucwebezela (Impendulo): Bona ukuthi ingane isabela kanjani ekushukumiseni okuncane (isibonelo, ukuthinta kancane ekhaleni).
- A – Umsebenzi (umsebenzi wemisipha ): Hlola ukuthi ingane inyakazisa izingalo nemilenze yayo nokuthi umzimba wayo uyaphila yini.
- R – Ukuphefumula: Hlola ukuthi ingane iphefumula kahle noma kukhona yini ubunzima bokuphefumula.
Ngayinye yalezi zinto inikezwa amaphuzu angu-0, 1, noma 2. Bese, amaphuzu ahlanganiswa ndawonye ukuze kubalwe amaphuzu e-Apgar. Ngokuvamile, amaphuzu angu-7 noma ngaphezulu abonisa ukuthi umntwana usempilweni enhle . Kodwa-ke, amaphuzu angu-10 aphansi kancane. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi izingane zingase zibe luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kancane lapho zizalwa kuze kube yilapho zifudumala. Amaphuzu aphansi angabonisa inkinga yenhliziyo noma yamaphaphu, ukuzalwa okunzima, noma umntwana ozalwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi. Kodwa khumbula,Lesi sibalo se-Apgar asikwazi ukusetshenziselwa ukufeza noma yiziphi iziphetho mayelana nempilo yengane yesikhathi esizayo.
Kalula nje, lokhu kumayelana nokugcina izinga lokushisa lomzimba wengane nokugcina izinga lokushaya kwenhliziyo nokuphefumula kwayo lijwayelekile.
Ingabe umuthi wokugomela i-Vitamin K ubalulekile?
Yebo, impela. Izingane ezisanda kuzalwa zivame ukuba namazinga aphansi e-vitamin K. Le vithamini K ibalulekile ekugayeni kwegazi . Ngakho-ke, umntwana unikezwa lo muthi wokugomela i-vitamin K ngokushesha nje lapho ezalwa. Lokhu kungavikela umntwana esimweni sokopha esibizwa ngokuthi "Isifo Sokuvuza Kwegazi Somntwana Osanda Kuzalwa", esingase senzeke ezinganeni ezisanda kuzalwa, kodwa sibi kakhulu.
Ayini amaconsi amehlo?
Uma umntwana ezalwa, ezinye izifo ezibangelwa amagciwane zingangena emehlweni ngomsele wokuzalwa. Ukuze kuvikelwe amehlo engane ezifweni ezinjalo, kufakwa amafutha noma amaconsi asetshenziswa emehlo alwa namagciwane .
Yiziphi ezinye izivivinyo ezenziwayo ngaphambi kokuthumela umntwana ekhaya?
Ngaphambi kokuba abuyele ekhaya evela esibhedlela, kwenziwa izivivinyo eziningana ukuze kuqinisekiswe impilo yengane .
Ukuhlolwa Kokuhlonza Izinsana
Lokhu ukuhlolwa okubaluleke kakhulu. Kunezimo ezithile zezokwelapha ezingabonakali ekuzalweni, kodwa zingaba zimbi kakhulu kamuva. Ngakho-ke, lezi zivivinyo zingabona izimo ezinjalo kusenesikhathi. Ngemuva kwalokho, ukwelashwa kungaqalwa kusenesikhathi futhi lesi sifo singalawulwa noma selapheke.
Lokhu kuhilela ukuthatha isampula yegazi elincane esithendeni somntwana (isithende esibuhlungu) bese ulihlola ukuze lihlole izimo zezokwelapha ezahlukahlukene. Nazi izibonelo ezimbalwa:
- I-Phenylketonuria (PKU)
- I-Congenital Hypothyroidism (indlala yegilo engasebenzi kahle lapho izalwa)
- Isifo Se-Sickle Cell
- I-Cystic Fibrosis
Ingabe ukuzwa komntwana kuyahlolwa? (Ukuhlolwa Kokuzwa)
Yebo, manje sekuyinqubo evamile emazweni amaningi ukuhlola ukuzwa kwazo zonke izingane ezisanda kuzalwa. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ukutholakala kusenesikhathi kanye nokwelashwa kokulahlekelwa ukuzwa kungasiza ekuvimbeleni izinkinga zenkulumo kanye nokuthuthukiswa kolimi esikhathini esizayo. Phakathi nalokhu kuhlolwa, kufakwa i-earphone encane noma imakrofoni endlebeni yengane bese kubhekwa ubuchopho bengane ukuze kutholakale imisindo. Ingane kumele ilele ukuze ikwazi ukwenza lokhu kuhlolwa ngokunembile. Uma ingane ihluleka kulokhu kuhlolwa, akusho ukuthi ingane ayikwazi ukuzwa. Ukuhlolwa kungadingeka kuphindwe.
Umuthi wokugomela i-Hepatitis B
Lo mjovo uvikela umntwana egciwaneni le-Hepatitis B. Leli gciwane lingabangela ukulimala kwesibindi. Umjovo we-Hepatitis B unikezwa ngemithamo emithathu. Umthamo wokuqala uvame ukunikezwa lapho ezalwa. Eminye imithamo emibili inikezwa lapho eneminyaka eyi-18 ubudala.
Ukuhlolwa kwenhliziyo okukhethekile (Ukuhlolwa kwe-CCHD)
Isifo Senhliziyo Esibucayi Sokuzalwa (i-CCHD) yiqembu lezimo zenhliziyo ezingathi sína eziba khona lapho kuzalwa. Lezi zingaba yingozi empilweni futhi zingadinga ukungenelela kwezokwelapha ngesikhathi sobuntwana.
Ngakho-ke, ukuze kutholakale lezi zimo ze-CCHD kusenesikhathi, lokhu kwenziwa kanye nezinye izivivinyo ngaphambi kokuba umntwana athunyelwe ekhaya evela esibhedlela. Lokhu kusebenzisa idivayisi ebizwa ngokuthi i-Pulse Oximeter (Pulse Ox) eyenzelwe ngqo izinsana ezisanda kuzalwa. Kulokhu, inzwa eyodwa izungezwe ingalo yomntwana kanti enye izungezwe umlenze. Ngalesi sivivinyo, ezinye izingane zingatholakala uma zine-CCHD ngaphambi kokuba kuvele izimpawu.
Ezinye izinto ezibalulekile kumntwana nonina esibhedlela
Ngaphezu kokuhlolwa, ezinye izinto zenzeka esibhedlela ukuqinisa isibopho phakathi komntwana nonina nokusiza ekukhuleni komntwana.
Ukuthintana Kwesikhumba Nesikhumba - "Ukunakekelwa Kwe-Kangaroo"
Uma ingane yakho izalwa ngaphandle kwezinkinga, abasebenzi bezokwelapha bazobeka ingane yakho esifubeni sakho ngokushesha okukhulu. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi "ukuxhumana kwesikhumba nesikhumba" noma "ukunakekelwa kwe-kangaroo." Lokhu kunezinzuzo eziningi:
- Kuzosiza ingane ukuthi ijwayele leli zwe elisha.
- Kwandisa ubisi lukamama.
- Kusiza ekwenzeni ukuncelisa kube yimpumelelo.
Ukondla ingane
Ngaphambi kokukuthumela wena nomntwana wakho ekhaya, odokotela bazoqinisekisa ukuthi ingane yakho incelisa kahle. Ukuncelisa ngezinye izikhathi kungaba nzima kunalokho ocabanga, kodwa kunezindlela eziningi zokusiza. Uma unethemba lokuncelisa, thola ukuthi isibhedlela sakho sinaye yini umeluleki wokuncelisa . Ungesabi ukucela usizo. Udokotela wakho wezingane naye ungumthombo omuhle walokhu. Ngaphambi kokuthumela ingane yakho ekhaya, bazohlola futhi ukuthi ingane yakho imanzi okungenani amanabukeni amathathu noma amane emahoreni angu-24 edlule.
"Indle" yokuqala yomntwana (iMeconium)
Odokotela bahlola futhi ukuthi ingane iyayidlulisa yini i-meconium zingakapheli amahora angama-24 kuya kwangu-48 kusukela izelwe. I-Meconium yindle emnyama, enamathelayo ekhishwa yingane ezinsukwini zokuqala kuya kwezintathu. Lokhu kuvamile, ngakho ungakhathazeki.
I-jaundice enganeni
Isikhumba somntwana siphinde sihlolwe ukuthi asiphuzi yini. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi i-jaundice . Izinsana eziningi ezisanda kuzalwa ziba nezinga elithile le-jaundice. Lokhu kubangelwa ukunqwabelana kwento ebizwa ngokuthi i-bilirubin egazini lomntwana. Ngezinye izikhathi, kungase kwenziwe ukuhlolwa ukuhlola izinga le-bilirubin ngaphambi kokuphuma esibhedlela.
Ukusoka - uma kudingeka
Usuku noma ezimbili ngemva kokuzalwa kwengane yakho, ungayisoka ingane yakho uma uthanda. Lena inqubo yokuhlinzwa esusa ijwabu lepenisi yomntwana. Kwenziwa ngezizathu zezokwelapha, zenkolo, kanye nezamasiko. Ngokuvamile kwenziwa ngaphambi kokuphuma esibhedlela.
Uzobuya nini ekhaya usuka esibhedlela?
Izinsana eziphilile nezilula ngokuvamile zingabuya esibhedlela ezinsukwini ezimbili kuya kwezintathu . Kodwa-ke, uma wena noma ingane yakho ninezinkinga noma izinkinga zezokwelapha, kungadingeka nihlale esibhedlela izinsuku ezimbalwa ezengeziwe.
Indlela yokunakekela umntwana omncane ekhaya?
Ukubuya esibhedlela nosana olusanda kuzalwa kungaba yinto ejabulisayo neyesabisayo. Abantu abaningi bazizwa bengakulungele ukubhekana nezinselele zokunakekela usana olusanda kuzalwa. Lokho kujwayelekile. Izinsana zinezidingo eziningi, futhi ukuzinakekela kungaba nzima kakhulu. Izidingo zomntwana zilula, kodwa zibalulekile. Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukunikeza ingane yakho uthando nokunakekelwa ezinyangeni zokuqala zokuphila kwayo.
Kunezinto ongazenza ukuze uzilungiselele ngaphambi kokuba uye ekhaya. Cabanga ngokuthatha ikilasi lokunakekelwa kwezingane ezisanda kuzalwa ngenkathi usakhulelwe. Nakuba ikilasi lingeke likulungiselele konke, ungafunda ngezinto ezinjengalezi:
- Indlela yokushintsha inabukeni lomntwana.
- Indlela yokugeza umntwana.
- Indlela yokugqoka ingane.
- Indlela yokuncelisa nokuncelisa ingane ebhodleleni.
- Indlela yokugcina isiqu sentamo yengane yakho sihlanzekile.
- Indlela yokunakekela inxeba lokusoka lize liphole.
- Indlela yokududuza umntwana.
- Indlela yokuhlola umkhuhlane wengane.
- Indlela yokubona izimpawu zesifo noma ukutheleleka.
Yisiphi isikhathi esingcono kakhulu sokuthatha umntwana aye naye ngaphandle?
Akukho mthetho oqinile futhi osheshayo mayelana nokuthi kufanele uyikhiphe nini ingane yakho ngaphandle. Uma ingane yakho iphilile, ungayikhipha noma nini lapho uthanda. Kodwa-ke, kudingeka uqaphele kakhulu. Gcina ingane yakho kude nabantu abangase bagule. Njengoba amasosha omzimba engane yakho esakhula, kungaba nzima ngayo ukulwa nezifo. Futhi, cela noma ubani othinta ingane yakho ukuba ageze izandla zakhe.
Kungcono ukulinda izinyanga ezimbalwa ngaphambi kokuyisa ingane yakho ezindaweni ezinabantu abaningi, zomphakathi. Ngemva kwezinyanga ezimbalwa, ingane yakho izobe isithole umjovo wayo wokuqala futhi amasosha omzimba ayo azobe esenamandla okulwa namagciwane.
Ukugeza Kokuqala Komntwana
I-World Health Organization (WHO) itusa ukulinda okungenani amahora angama-24 ngaphambi kokugeza ingane yakho okokuqala. Esikhathini esidlule, izingane zazigezwa ngokushesha ngemva kokuzalwa. Kodwa-ke, ucwaningo luthole ukuthi ukulibazisa ukugeza ingane yakho okokuqala kunezinzuzo ezilandelayo:
- Kusiza ekulawuleni izinga lokushisa lomzimba wengane.
- Kuvimbela isikhumba ukuthi some.
- Ungase ube nethuba elikhulu lokuncelisa ngempumelelo.
Abanye odokotela batusa ukulinda isonto ngaphambi kokugeza ingane yakho. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi isiphunzi sentambo yesisu sivame ukuwa phakathi nesonto noma amabili. Kodwa-ke, ukuze ugcine intambo yesisu yomile, ungayihlanza ingane yakho ngokugeza ngesiponji.
Singakhuluma kancane ngesikhumba sikamama esomile? (Isikhumba Esomile Ngemva Kokubeletha)
Lokhu akugcini nje ngomntwana, kodwa kuyinkinga evamile komama abasha. Ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, izinguquko kuma-hormone afana ne-estrogen ne-progesterone zingabangela ukuthi isikhumba sishintshe futhi some. Ukwehla kwala ma-hormone ngemva kokubeletha nakho kungabangela isikhumba esomile. Zama lezi zinto ukuze uthole impumuzo:
- Sebenzisa isihlanzi esithambile sesikhumba sakho.
- Faka i-moisturizer engenawo amafutha engeke ivale imbobo yakho.
- Gwema ukugeza emanzini ashisayo isikhathi eside, okuphuca isikhumba amafutha aso emvelo.
- Phuza amanzi amaningi.
- Sebenzisa i-humidifier.
Kwenzekani ku-placenta?
Ngemva kokuzalwa komntwana, uletha i-placenta. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi isigaba sesithathu sokubeletha. Izibhedlela eziningi ziphatha i-placenta njengemfucuza yezokwelapha. Ziyilahla esikhwameni esiyingozi. Ezinye izibhedlela zigcina i-placenta isikhashana uma kwenzeka idinga ukuhlolwa ngesizathu esithile.
Okokugcina, izinto okufanele uzikhumbule
Ukunakekelwa kwezinsana esibhedlela kuyindlela enhle yokusiza ingane yakho ukuba ijwayele impilo ngaphandle kwesibeletho. Iningi lezinsana lizalwa ngaphandle kwezinkinga ezinkulu zezokwelapha, ngakho azidingi usizo olwengeziwe. Kodwa-ke, ezinye izingane zidinga ukungenelela kwezokwelapha ngokushesha ngemva kokuzalwa. Odokotela benza nokuhlolwa kwezinsana nokuhlola ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ingane yakho isilungele ukuya ekhaya. Ngemva kwalokho, ungayithatha ingane yakho encane uye nayo ekhaya uyinike uthando nokunakekelwa ekudingayo ukuze iqale impilo yayo. Njengoba konke lokhu kuyinto entsha, ungesabi ukubuza odokotela nabahlengikazi uma unemibuzo. Bakhona ukukusiza.
👩🏽⚕️ Imibuzo eyengeziwe (ama-FAQ)
💬 Kungani umntwana osanda kuzalwa ebekwa esifubeni sikanina kuqala esibhedlela (Ukunakekelwa Kwezingane Ezisanda Kuzalwa)?
Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi ukuthintana kwesikhumba nesikhumba. Lokhu akugcini nje ngokusiza izinga lokushisa lomzimba wengane kanye nokushaya kwenhliziyo kubuyele esimweni esijwayelekile, kodwa futhi kunikeza isisusa esihle kakhulu sokuba ingane incelise ubisi lwebele ngokushesha.
💬 Yimaphi amaconsi amehlo kanye nemijovo enikezwayo ngemva kokuzalwa komntwana?
Okokuqala, amaconsi amehlo afakwa emehlweni engane ukuvimbela ukutheleleka ngamagciwane. Futhi, umjovo we-Vitamin K unikezwa umlenze wengane ukuvimbela ukuphuma kwegazi.
💬 Ingabe kuyimpoqo ukuhlola ingane yakho ukuthi inesifo se-jaundice ngaphambi kokuyithumela ekhaya isuka esibhedlela?
Impela. Cishe ezinsukwini ezimbili ngemva kokuzalwa, ezinye izingane ziba nezinga eliphezulu le-bilirubin emizimbeni yazo, okubangela ukuba isikhumba sazo siphenduke siphuzi. Kuyahlolwa, futhi uma izinga liphezulu, umntwana uthunyelwa ekhaya ngemva kokwelashwa nge-phototherapy ngaphansi kokukhanya okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.
Ukunakekelwa kwezinsana , usana olusanda kuzalwa, ukunakekelwa esibhedlela, ukuhlolwa kwe-Apgar, i-Vitamin K, ukuhlolwa kwezinsana ezisanda kuzalwa, ukuncelisa, i-jaundice, ukunakekelwa kwezinsana ezisanda kuzalwa, ukunakekelwa esibhedlela, ukuhlolwa kwe-Apgar, i-Vitamin K, ukuhlolwa kwezinsana ezisanda kuzalwa, i-CCHD, i-meconium
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