Wake wazibuza ukuthi kungakanani umsebenzi owenziwa ngaphakathi emzimbeni wakho, ngaphandle kokuthi uqaphele? Cabanga ngakho, inhliziyo yakho ishaya, ukuphefumula kwakho, ukukhumbula ubuso obubonile, ukuhambisa kwakho izingalo nemilenze yakho... Konke lokhu akwenzeki ngeze. Ngemuva kwakho konke lokhu kunezithunywa ezincane zamakhemikhali. Namuhla, sizokhuluma ngesinye salezo zithunywa ezibaluleke kakhulu emizimbeni yethu. Igama laso yi-acetylcholine, noma (ACh) ngamafuphi.
Ngakho-ke ngubani lo acetylcholine (ACh)?
Kalula nje, i-acetylcholine (ACh) uhlobo lwamakhemikhali olubizwa ngokuthi i-neurotransmitter. Cabanga ngakho njengokuxhumana ngocingo phakathi kobuchopho bethu kanye nomzimba wethu wonke. Ngakho-ke laba (ama-neurotransmitter) bafana 'nezithunywa' ezithwala imiyalezo emuva naphambili kulolo xhumano.
I-Acetylcholine iyi-neurotransmitter evuselelayo. Lokho kusho ukuthi lesi sithunywa siya engqamuzaneni elandelayo yemizwa bese "siyivusa," "siyishukumisa kahle," sithi, "Kulungile, sekuyithuba lakho manje, qhubekisela phambili lo myalezo."
Ithola igama layo ngenxa yezinto ezimbili eyenziwe ngazo. Iyiqembu le-acetyl kanye nesakhamzimba esibizwa ngokuthi i-choline. Singayithola le choline ekudleni. Itholakala ezintweni ezifana namaqanda, isoya, kanye nemifino namantongomane. Ikhiqizwa futhi nesibindi sethu.
I-Acetylcholine yenza imisebenzi eminingi ebalulekile emizimbeni yethu. Ibaluleke kakhulu ekunyakazeni kwemisipha ngokuzithandela . Iphinde idlale indima enkulu emisebenzini yobuchopho efana nenkumbulo, ukucabanga, nokufunda izinto ezintsha .
Lokhu kwakheka kanjani ngaphakathi emizimbeni yethu?
Sine-enzyme emizimbeni yethu ebizwa ngokuthi 'i-choline acetyltransferase'. Cabanga ngakho njengompheki. Le enzyme yiyo ehlanganisa i-choline okukhulunywe ngayo ngaphambili kanye neqembu le-acetyl ukudala i-acetylcholine (ACh) emnandi yesithunywa. Le nqubo yenzeka emaphethelweni amangqamuzana ethu ezinzwa.
Kulungile, manje ake sibone ukuthi lo mlayezo uhamba kanjani.
Ngemva kokwenziwa kwe-acetylcholine (ACh), igcinwa ekugcineni kweseli lemizwa, njengenqwaba yezinhlamvu eposini. Le ACh egciniwe ikhishwa lapho kufika umlayezo ovela ebuchosheni.
Bese le ACh igxumela esikhaleni esincane phakathi kwamangqamuzana amabili ezinzwa. Lesi sikhala sibizwa ngokuthi i-synaptic cleft. Cabanga ngaso njengomyalezo ogxumela ngaphesheya komfula.
Iseli lemizwa eliseduze kwalo linezindawo ezikhethekile zokubamba le ACh engenayo. Uma sikhuluma iqiniso, lifana nesihluthulelo esifanelana nesihluthulelo. Sibiza lawa ma-receptor. Kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko zama-receptor e-acetylcholine:
1. Ama-receptor e-Nicotinic
2. Ama-receptor e-Muscarinic
Uma ukhiye we-ACh ubopha kwenye yalezi zikhiye ezimbili ze-Ibi, umlayezo udluliselwa kuseli elilandelayo. Ngale ndlela, umlayezo udlula kusuka kuseli uye kwenye futhi ufike endaweni efanele (isibonelo, umsipha).
Ngemva kokuba umyalezo uthunyelwe, kuba khona umuntu osusa i-ACh esele kuleyo ndawo. Leyo yi-enzyme ebizwa ngokuthi 'i-acetylcholinesterase.' Lokhu okwenzayo ukuphula i-ACh esele bese uyibuyisela emuva ibe yizingxenye ezintsha ngokuphelele . Ngemuva kwalokho lezo zingxenye zingasetshenziswa futhi ukwenza i-ACh entsha. Kufana nokuhlanza umgwaqo ngemva kokuba umyalezo uthunyelwe bese uvumela umyalezo olandelayo ukuthi udlule.
Yiziphi izinto eziyinhloko ezenziwa yi-acetylcholine (ACh) emizimbeni yethu?
I-Acetylcholine (ACh) inemisebenzi eminingi ehlukahlukene. Umsebenzi wayo uyahlukahluka kuye ngokuthi i-receptor ibopha kuphi. Ake sibheke imisebenzi yayo eyinhloko.
| Uhlobo Lokwamukela | Umsebenzi Oyinhloko |
|---|---|
| Uma ixhunywe kuma-receptor e-muscarinic |
|
| Uma ixhunywe kuma-receptor e-nicotinic |
|
Zombili izinhlobo zama-receptor zihilelekile kukho konke kusukela ekugcineni izinkumbulo zethu, ukwakha izinkumbulo ezintsha, ukuzigcina, nokuzikhumbula . Zibaluleke kakhulu ebuchosheni, ekunakeni kwethu, ekuzimiseleni kwethu ukufunda, kanye nesigaba sokulala okujulile esibizwa ngokuthi ukulala kwe-REM (Rapid Eye Movement).
Yiziphi izifo ezingavela uma lokhu kuncishisiwe?
Ukwehla kwezinga le-acetylcholine (ACh) emzimbeni wethu kungaholela ezimeni eziningana zezempilo ezimbi. Eziyinhloko yilezi:
- Isifo sika-Alzheimer: Lesi yisifo esithinta kakhulu inkumbulo. Kutholakale ukuthi abantu abanesifo sika-Alzheimer banamazinga aphansi kakhulu e-acetylcholine ebuchosheni.
- I-Myasthenia gravis: Lesi yisifo sokuzivikela komzimba. Lokhu kusho ukuthi amasosha omzimba wethu asebenza ngokumelene nathi. Okwenzekayo lapha ukuthi amasosha ethu omzimba ayahamba futhi alimaze ama-acetylcholine receptors (ACh) emisipheni. Ngemuva kwalokho i-ACh ayikwazi ukuthumela umlayezo, ngakho-ke imisipha iba buthaka kancane kancane.
- I-Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome: Lokhu futhi kubangela ubuthakathaka bemisipha. Kodwa imbangela ihlukile. Okwenzekayo lapha ukuthi amangqamuzana ezinzwa awakhiphi i-ACh eyanele.
Ezinye izinto ezithinta i-acetylcholine (ACh)
Ngokudabukisayo, abanye baye basebenzisa ulwazi lokuthi i-acetylcholine isebenza kanjani ukulimaza abantu.
Isibonelo, amagesi ezinzwa njenge-sarin kanye nezinye izibulala-zinambuzane zisebenza ngokuvala i-enzyme yokuhlanza i-acetylcholinesterase esikhulume ngayo ngaphambili. Lokhu kuvumela i-ACh ukuthi iqoqeke, ikhubaze imisipha futhi ibangele nokufa.
Futhi, uma kudliwa, ubuthi besicabucabu se-black widow bubangela amazinga e-ACh akhuphuke kakhulu. Lokhu kungabangela ukufinyela okukhulu kwemisipha, ukudikiza, kanye nokukhubazeka, ngisho nokufa.
Esimweni esiphuthumayo njengokufaka ubuthi, into engcono kakhulu ongayenza ukuya esibhedlela esiseduze i-Emergency Treatment Unit (ETU) . Uma kudingeka, odokotela bazoxhumana ne-National Poisons Information Centre e-Colombo National Hospital ukuze bathole iseluleko.
Ingabe ikhona imithi ehlose lokhu?
Yebo. Imithi ehlasela i-acetylcholine isetshenziselwa ukwelapha ezinye izimo zezokwelapha.
Uhlobo oluyinhloko lwemithi 'yi-cholinesterase inhibitors'. Le mithi isebenza ngokuvimbela i-enzyme ephula i-ACh. Lokhu kuvumela i-ACh ukuthi ihlale esikhaleni esiphakathi kwamaseli ezinzwa isikhathi eside, okwandisa umsebenzi wayo. Le mithi (isib. i-donepezil, i-rivastigmine) isetshenziselwa ukwelapha izimo lapho amazinga e-ACh ephansi khona, njengesifo i-Alzheimer's kanye ne-myasthenia gravis .
Esinye isibonelo yi -Botulinum toxin , noma njengoba sonke sazi, 'i-Botox'. Isebenza ngokuvimbela ukukhishwa kwe-ACh eziphethweni zezinzwa. Lokhu kubangela imisipha ukuba iphumule kunokuba ifinyele. Isetshenziselwa izinjongo zobuhle (ukunciphisa imibimbi) nokwelapha izimo ezifana ne-migraines.
Singakuthatha lokhu ngendlela yamaphilisi? Singakuthola ekudleni?
I-Acetylcholine (ACh) ngokwayo ayikwazi ukuthathwa njengephilisi. Kodwa-ke, isakhi esisiza ekwenzeni lokhu, i-choline, singathathwa njengesithasiselo. Ezinye izithasiselo zamakhambi, njenge-Ginkgo biloba, kukholakala ukuthi zithinta amazinga e-ACh.
Kodwa nansi into okufanele uyikhumbule nakanjani . Ungalokothi usebenzise noma yiziphi izithasiselo ngaphandle kokubonisana nodokotela wakho noma nosokhemisi kuqala . Zingahlangana neminye imithi oyithathayo, noma zingaba yingozi kuwe.
Kodwa singathola i-choline ngokwemvelo ekudleni. Okunye kokudla okuyinhloko okuqukethe yile:
- Isibindi senyama yenkomo
- Amaqanda
- Inyama yenkomo
- Ubhontshisi, ubhontshisi
- Inyama yenkukhu
- Inhlanzi ye-cod
- I-Quinoa
- Amakhowe, i-broccoli
- Ubisi
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- I-Acetylcholine (ACh) iyisithunywa samakhemikhali esibalulekile esilawula imisebenzi ebalulekile njengenkumbulo yethu, ukunyakaza kwemisipha, kanye nokushaya kwenhliziyo.
- Amazinga aphansi alokhu angaholela ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu njengesifo i-Alzheimer kanye ne-myasthenia gravis.
- Ukudla ukudla okulinganiselayo, ikakhulukazi ukudla okuqukethe i-choline, kungakusiza ukuthi uthole izakhamzimba ezidingwa ngumzimba wakho.
- Ungalokothi uthathe izithasiselo ukuze uthuthukise inkumbulo noma nganoma yisiphi esinye isizathu ngaphandle kweseluleko sezokwelapha. Khuluma nodokotela wakho njalo.
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