Wake waba nendawo encane, ebukhali, enamaqhubu ebusweni bakho, ezandleni, noma entanyeni? Yindawo encane ebukhali njengephepha lesihlabathi, ngezinye izikhathi enamaqhubu, ngezinye izikhathi ebomvu. Abantu abaningi bacabanga ukuthi kumane kuyimivimbo, bese bekhohlwa ngakho, becabanga ukuthi kuzophola ezinsukwini ezimbalwa. Kodwa ngezinye izikhathi le ndawo encane ingaba uphawu lokuthile okungathi sína kunalokho esikucabangayo. Yilokho esizokhuluma ngakho namuhla.
Kalula nje, iyini i-actinic keratosis?
I-Actinic Keratosis yisimo sesikhumba esenzeka lapho isikhumba sethu sichayeka elangeni isikhathi eside. Elinye igama lalokhu yi-Solar Keratosis. Igama elithi 'Sola' lisho ukuthi lihlobene nelanga. Ngakho-ke, njengoba igama lisho, lokhu kuyinto ehlobene nelanga.
Yilapho isikhumba sethu, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezivame ukuchayeka elangeni, siba namabala aqinile, anamaqhubu, futhi ngezinye izikhathi amancane anamaqhubu. Lokhu akukhuli konke ngesikhathi esisodwa. Kukhula eminyakeni eminingi yokulimala kancane kancane kwelanga.
Okubaluleke kakhulu, odokotela babheka lesi simo "njengesandulela umdlavuza." Lokhu kusho ukuthi akusona umdlavuza okwamanje, kodwa uma ungelashwa, kunethuba elikhulu lokuthi amanye ala mabala azogcina ephenduke uhlobo lomdlavuza wesikhumba, ikakhulukazi i-squamous cell carcinoma .
Kodwa ungakhathazeki! Into engcono kakhulu ukuthola lesi simo ngaphambi kokuba sibe umdlavuza bese uthola ukwelashwa okudingekayo. Yingakho kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqaphela lokhu.
Zivame ukuvela kuphi lezi zindawo?
Cabanga ngokuthi uthola kuphi ukukhanya kwelanga okuningi uma uphuma elangeni. Lezo yizindawo lapho ubona khona lezi zindawo kakhulu.
- Ikhanda (lalabo abanezinwele ezincane noma abangenazo nhlobo)
- Ubuso (ibunzi, impumulo, izihlathi, izinkophe zendlebe)
- Izindebe (ikakhulukazi udebe olungezansi)
- Intamo
- Izandla (ikakhulukazi ingxenye engenhla yesandla)
- Izandla ngaphezu kwebunzi
- Isifuba esingaphezulu
Abantu abasebenza emasimini, abasebenza emgwaqweni, noma abadlala imidlalo bahlala bekhanyisa isikhumba sabo elangeni, ngakho-ke basengozini enkulu yokuthola lesi simo.
Yiziphi izinhlobo nezimpawu zalezi zindawo?
La mabala angahluka kancane komunye nomunye. Kodwa kunezici ezithile ezivamile ongase uzibone. Ungase ube nesici esisodwa noma ngaphezulu salezi.
| Isici | Incazelo elula |
|---|---|
| Imvelo elukhuni, eyomile | Kuzwakala sengathi uhambisa isandla sakho phezu kwephepha lokusanta. Ngezinye izikhathi kuzwakala kungcono kunalokho okubukeka. |
| Ukuba yi-coral | Ungase ubone izinto ezincane, eziqinile, noma eziqinile phezulu kwendawo. Ngezinye izikhathi, uma uzikhuhla, ziyakhula futhi. |
| Shintsha umbala | Kungaba nombala opinki, obomvu, onsundu, noma onsundu kunombala wesikhumba ojwayelekile. |
| Ukuluma noma ukusha | Ngezinye izikhathi indawo lapho la mabala eba khona, noma ungase uzizwe ushile kancane noma ubuhlungu. Ungase uzizwe ungakhululekile ngisho noma ugqoke izingubo. |
| Ukopha | Ngezinye izikhathi igazi elincane lingaphuma uma indawo iklwejwa, noma ngisho iklwejwa nje. |
| Izindebe ezicwebezelayo | Uma lesi simo sivela endebeni engezansi, izindebe zingase zome, ziqhekeke, zibe mhlophe, futhi zibukeke njengesilonda esingapholi. |
Ekuqaleni, kungase kubonakale njengenduna noma isilonda esincane esingeke siphole. Ngakho-ke kuwukuhlakanipha ukukhathazeka uma ubona lolu hlobo loshintsho esikhumbeni sakho.
Kungani sinalesi simo? Iyini imbangela?
Isizathu esiyinhloko nesiwukuphela kwalokhu yimisebe ye-ultraviolet (UV).Ukuchayeka kakhulu emisebeni ye-UV. Sithola le misebe ye-UV ikakhulukazi elangeni, okungukuthi, elangeni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, le misebe eyingozi ikhishwa nasezintweni ezifana nezibani zokwenziwa (imibhede yokushiswa kwesikhumba) ezisetshenziselwa ukushiswa kwesikhumba.
Kalula nje, nakhu okwenzekayo:
Isikhumba sethu sakhiwe izigidi zamaseli amancane. Iseli ngalinye linesikhungo sokulawula esibizwa ngokuthi i-DNA. Le DNA iqukethe lonke ulwazi mayelana nendlela iseli okufanele lisebenze ngayo nokuthi kufanele lihlukane kanjani.
Uma imisebe ye-UV evela elangeni ishaya isikhumba sethu, ingalimaza i-DNA emaseli akha ungqimba oluphezulu lwesikhumba sethu (ama-keratinocyte). Imizimba yethu ingalungisa lo monakalo, kodwa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, eminyakeni eminingi yokuchayeka elangeni, leli khono lokulungisa liyaphazamiseka. Ngemuva kwalokho, amaseli ane-DNA eyonakele aqala ukuhlukana ngendlela engavamile futhi engalawuleki. Yilapho-ke la maseli amaningi angajwayelekile ehlangana khona futhi akhe lelo phuzu elinzima nelinamabala.
Ubani osengozini enkulu yokuthola lesi simo?
Nakuba noma ubani engaba nalesi simo, abanye abantu basengozini enkulu.
- Abantu abanesikhumba esikhanyayo: Abantu abanesikhumba esikhanyayo, njengomhlophe nonsundu okhanyayo, bane-melanin encane, umbala obavikela elangeni. Ngakho-ke, imisebe ye-UV inamathuba amaningi okulimaza isikhumba sabo.
- Abantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-40: Ingozi iyanda njengoba iminyaka ikhula, ngenxa yokukhanya kwelanga okukhulu empilweni yonke.
- Amadoda: Amadoda ngokuvamile asebenza elangeni kakhulu kunabesifazane, futhi angase angakhathazeki kangako ngokuvikela isikhumba sawo.
- Abantu abanesimiso somzimba esibuthakathaka: Abantu abanesimiso somzimba esibuthakathaka ngenxa yokugula noma imithi abayithathayo (isib. imithi enikezwa abantu abaye bafakelwa izitho zomzimba) bangayithola kalula le nkinga.
- Abantu abanomlando womdlavuza wesikhumba: Ingozi iphezulu uma wena noma othile emndenini wakho eseke waba nomdlavuza wesikhumba.
- Abantu abahlala ezindaweni ezinelanga elinamandla: Njengoba amazwe aseduze nenkabazwe njengezwe lethu enelanga elinamandla unyaka wonke, sonke kufanele sikhathazeke ngalokhu.
- Abantu abasebenza ngaphandle: Labo abasebenza kwezolimo, ukudoba, ukwakha imigwaqo, ukwakha, kanye nemidlalo yangaphandle nabo basengozini enkulu.
Ukwesaba okukhulu... Ingabe lokhu kungaba umdlavuza?
Lona umbuzo omkhulu kunayo yonke umuntu anayo. Yebo, njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili, i-Actinic Keratosis ayiwona umdlavuza, kodwa iyisandulela somdlavuza.
Uma ingelashwa, cishe u-10% walezi zindawo zingagcina seziphenduke uhlobo lomdlavuza wesikhumba olubizwa ngokuthi i-squamous cell carcinoma. Nakuba lokho kungase kubonakale kungavamile, uma unezindawo eziningi zalezi zindawo, amathuba okuba enye yazo ibe nomdlavuza ayanda.
Into ebalulekile ukuthi uma lokhu kutholakala futhi kwelashwa kusenesikhathi, ingozi yokuthi kube umdlavuza ingaphela ngokuphelele. Ngakho-ke, into engcono kakhulu ongayenza ukubonana nodokotela ngokushesha nje lapho ubona ushintsho esikhumbeni sakho.
Udokotela ukubona kanjani lokhu?
Uma ubona udokotela, ikakhulukazi udokotela wesikhumba, into yokuqala ayenzayo ukuhlola isikhumba sakho ngokucophelela.
- Ukuhlolwa ngokomzimba: Udokotela uzohlola ngokucophelela indawo lapho kukhona khona i-mole. Ngezinye izikhathi kusetshenziswa idivayisi ekhethekile ebizwa ngokuthi i-dermatoscope ukukhulisa isikhumba. Lokhu kuhlolwa akubuhlungu.
- Ukuhlolwa Kwesikhumba: Ngezinye izikhathi, uma kukhona ukungabaza ngohlobo lwe-mole, udokotela uzofaka umuthi omncane oqeda izinhlungu endaweni bese ethatha ucezu lwesikhumba oluncane kakhulu aluthumele elabhorethri. Lokhu kuzosiza ekunqumeni ngokuqinisekile ukuthi ngabe yi-Actinic Keratosis noma okunye, nokuthi ngabe kukhona yini amangqamuzana omdlavuza.
Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha lokhu?
Kunezindlela eziningana zokwelapha lesi simo. Udokotela wakho uzonquma ukwelashwa okufanele kakhulu kuwe ngokusekelwe enanini lezindawo onazo, indawo yazo, kanye nohlobo lwazo.
Izinqubo Zehhovisi
Lokhu ngokuvamile kuyindlela yokwelapha encane engenziwa emtholampilo noma esibhedlela.
- Ukwelapha nge-cryotherapy: Lokhu kuhilela ukusebenzisa uketshezi olubandayo kakhulu olubizwa ngokuthi i-liquid nitrogen ukuze "kuqandiswe" i-mole. Uma sikhuluma iqiniso, indawo iyaqandisiwe. Ngemva kwezinsuku ezimbalwa, kuvela i-blister encane khona lapho bese isibazi siyaphuma. Lena indlela ephumelela kakhulu uma kukhona i-mole eyodwa noma ezimbili.
- Ukwelashwa Nge-Photodynamic: Kulokhu, kufakwa ukhilimu okhethekile emabala, futhi ngemva kwamahora ambalwa, kukhanya ukukhanya okukhethekile emabala. Ukhilimu wenza amangqamuzana angajwayelekile azwele ukukhanya futhi uwabhubhise. Lokhu kuyindlela enhle yokwelapha abantu abanamabala amaningi.
- Ukwelashwa Nge-Laser: Imisebe ye-laser isetshenziselwa ukushisa nokususa ungqimba olungaphezulu lwesikhumba olulimele.
- I-Chemical Peel: Kufakwa ikhemikhali ekhethekile esikhumbeni, isuse ungqimba oluphezulu lwesikhumba esonakele. Isikhumba esisha nesinempilo sakhiwa zingakapheli izinsuku ezimbalwa.
- I-Curettage: Kusetshenziswa ithuluzi elincane ukukhuhla isikhumba esonakele. Ngezinye izikhathi indawo ingashiswa.
- Ukususwa Kwesikhumba Ngokuhlinzwa: Uma i-mole inkulu noma kukhona ukusola ukuthi ingaba nomdlavuza, udokotela uzoyiqeda indawo, asike i-mole kanye nezicubu ezizungezile, bese eyithunga.
Imithi Yokwelapha
Ngezinye izikhathi udokotela wakho angase akunike okhilimu noma amajeli akhethekile ongawasebenzisa ekhaya. Lokhu kungadinga ukusetshenziswa amasonto ambalwa kuya ezinyangeni ezimbalwa.
- Ukhilimu we-5-fluorouracil: Lokhu kusebenza ngokuvimbela ukukhula kwamaseli angajwayelekile nokuwabhubhisa.
- Ukhilimu we-Imiquimod: Lokhu kusebenza ngokuvuselela amasosha omzimba wakho ukuze kusize ekubhubhiseni lawo maseli angajwayelekile.
- Ijeli ye-Diclofenac Sodium: Nakuba leli lijeli eliqeda izinhlungu, liphinde lisetshenziselwe ukwelapha lesi simo.
Uma usebenzisa lawa ma-cream, isikhumba sakho singase sibe bomvu, sibe namaqhubu, noma sivuvuke. Lokhu kuvamile. Kodwa-ke, udokotela wakho uzokwazisa ngalokhu kusenesikhathi. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukulandela imiyalelo yakhe ngqo.
Kwenzekani ngemva kokwelashwa? Ingabe kungabuya?
Esikhathini esiningi, la mabala azophola zingakapheli amasonto ambalwa ngemva kokwelashwa. Kodwa-ke, kungenzeka ukuthi abuye. Ngenxa yokuthi isikhumba sakho sesivele sonakaliswe yilanga, kungakheka amabala amasha.
Yingakho ke,
1. Kubalulekile ukuvikela isikhumba sakho elangeni ngesikhathi nangemva kokwelashwa.
2. Ngisho noma amabala ephola, kusengumqondo omuhle ukuthi isikhumba sakho sihlolwe udokotela kanye noma kabili ngonyaka.
3. Uma uthola indawo entsha, noma ubona ushintsho endaweni endala (njengokukhula noma ukopha), bona udokotela ngokushesha.
Ungazivikela kanjani kulesi simo? (Ukuvimbela)
Ukuvimbela kungcono njalo kunokwelapha. Indlela engcono kakhulu yokwenza lokhu ukuvikela isikhumba sakho elangeni, ikakhulukazi imisebe ye-UV.
- Gwema ilanga elinamandla: Noma nini lapho kungenzeka, nciphisa ukuchayeka elangeni elinamandla phakathi kuka-10 ekuseni no-4 ntambama.
- Gqoka izingubo zokuzivikela: Uma uphuma ngaphandle, gqoka izingubo ezimboza umzimba, njengezikibha ezinemikhono emide namabhulukwe amade.
- Gqoka isigqoko: Gqoka isigqoko esibanzi esimboza ikhanda lakho, ubuso, izindlebe kanye nentamo.
- Sebenzisa umuthi wokuvikela ilanga: Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu. Sebenzisa umuthi wokuvikela ilanga one-SPF engama-30 noma ngaphezulu nsuku zonke. Ngisho nasezinsukwini ezinamafu, ilanga lisalokhu linemisebe ye-UV. Ngakho-ke, yifake kakhulu kuzo zonke izindawo eziveziwe (ubuso, intamo, izandla) cishe imizuzu engama-20 ngaphambi kokuya ngaphandle. Phinda ufake njalo emahoreni amabili uma ujuluka noma usebenza emanzini.
- Gwema izibani zokwenziwa: Yeka ngokuphelele ukusebenzisa imibhede yokushisisa isikhumba, esetshenziselwa ukushisisa isikhumba sakho.
Ungamane nje ungayinaki leyo ndawo elukhuni esandleni sakho noma leyo ndawo enesibazi ebusweni bakho. Kungaba isikhumba sakho esikutshela ukuthi, "Ngivezwe elangeni eliningi kakhulu, ngilimele." Uma ubona udokotela, bangathola ukuthi iyini ngempela futhi bakunikeze ukwelashwa okufanele. Khumbula, isikhumba sethu siyisitho esibaluleke kakhulu emzimbeni wethu. Uma usinakekela manje, ungasigcina siphilile iminyaka eminingi ezayo.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- I-Actinic Keratosis uhlobo lwesifo sesikhumba esiqinile nesinamabala esibangelwa ukuchayeka elangeni isikhathi eside.
- Nakuba lokhu kungewona umdlavuza, kunengozi yokuba umdlavuza wesikhumba (ngaphambi komdlavuza) uma ungelashwa.
- Lokhu kuvame ukubonakala ezindaweni ezivame ukuchayeka elangeni, njengobuso, ikhanda, izandla kanye nentamo.
- Uma ubona ibala esikhumbeni sakho elingaphilile, elimahhadlahhadla, elishintsha umbala, noma eliphuma igazi, funa iseluleko sezokwelapha ngokushesha.
- Kunezindlela zokwelapha eziphumelela kakhulu zalesi simo, ezingavimbela ingozi yomdlavuza.
- Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuvimbela. Ukugwema ukukhanya kwelanga okuqondile, ukugqoka izingubo zokuzivikela, nokusebenzisa i-SPF engaphezu kuka-30 ngosuku kubalulekile.
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