I-ADHD nakwabesifazane? Yebo, ake sixoxe ngalokhu! (Ukuntuleka Kokunaka/Ukuphazamiseka Kokusebenza Okuphezulu)

Ingabe ngezinye izikhathi uzizwa sengathi ikhanda lakho alifaneleki? Ingabe unenkinga yokugxila ngisho nasemisebenzini emincane kakhulu? Noma uzizwa sengathi ingqondo yakho iyazulazula ndawana thize ngisho nalapho ukhuluma nomngane? Ingabe uvame ukukhohlwa izinto? Uma lezi zinto zikwehlela kaningi, mhlawumbe lokho esizokhuluma ngakho kuzoba kubaluleke kakhulu kuwe. Namuhla sikhuluma ngesimo esibonakala nakwabesifazane, kodwa esivame ukungahlolwa kahle. Lokho kuyi-'ADHD' noma `(Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder)`.

Iyini i-ADHD? Ibathinta kanjani abesifazane?

Kalula nje, i-ADHD yisimo esenzeka ngenxa yezinguquko endleleni izingxenye zobuchopho bethu ezikhula futhi zisebenza ngayo ndawonye. Nakuba ingaqala ebuntwaneni , abantu abaningi, ikakhulukazi abesifazane, batholakala benayo kamuva ekuphileni, kungaba sebasha noma njengabantu abadala.

Nakuba lesi simo singathinta kokubili abesilisa nabesifazane, kukhona umehluko endleleni esibathinta ngayo. Nakuba ucwaningo lukhombisile ukuthi i-ADHD ivame kakhulu kwabesilisa, manje sekunobufakazi bokuthi abesifazane abaningi bahlushwa yilesi simo kunalokho obekucatshangwa ngaphambili . Inkinga ukuthi ngokuvamile asihlolwa kahle ngoba izimpawu kwabesifazane ngezinye izikhathi zihlukile kancane futhi ngenxa yesimo sengqondo esithile somphakathi.

Yiziphi izimpawu ezivame kakhulu ze-ADHD kwabesifazane?

Izimpawu ze-ADHD zihlobene kakhulu nento ebizwa ngokuthi "Ukungasebenzi Kahle Kokuphatha." Lokhu kusho ukuthi eminye yemisebenzi yokuphatha ebuchosheni bethu, njengokugcina ukunaka, ukugcina izingqondo zethu zigxile, ukulawula imizwa, ukulawula imizwa, kanye nokuthuthukisa ukuzikhuthaza, ayisebenzi kahle.

Kunezinhlobo ezintathu eziyinhloko ze-ADHD:

1. Uhlobo lokunganaki : Laba bantu banenkinga yokugcina izingqondo zabo zigxile futhi bavame ukukhohlwa izinto kaningi.

2. Uhlobo Lokusebenza Kakhulu/Ukuphazamiseka : Laba bantu bahlala bengahlaliseki, banenkinga yokuhlala endaweni eyodwa, futhi benza izinto ngokuphamazela.

3. Uhlobo oluxubile : Laba bantu banezici zazo zombili izinhlobo ezibalwe ngenhla.

Okubaluleke kakhulu, abesifazane banamathuba amancane okuba nezimpawu zokusebenza ngokweqile/ezingenasidingo . Lokhu kusho ukuthi banamathuba amancane okuba ne-ADHD noma i-ADHD exubile. Abesifazane bavame ukubonisa izimpawu zokunganaki.

Izimpawu zohlobo lokunganaki

Lezi zimpawu zingaphazamisa umsebenzi wakho, umsebenzi wezemfundo, kanye nobudlelwano nabantu. Bheka ukuthi ngabe uke waba nanoma yiziphi zalezi zimpawu isikhathi esingaphezu kwezinyanga eziyisithupha:

• Ngivame ukwenza amaphutha amancane ngenxa yokunganaki. Ngisebenza ngaphandle kokunaka imininingwane.
• Kunzima ukuhlala ugxile emsebenzini bese uwuqeda.
• Ngesikhathi abanye bekhulumaKubonakala sengathi akalaleli (njengokungathi ikhanda lakhe likwenye indawo, njengoba abanye bengase basho, "lilahlekile ezweni lemicabango").
• Kulula ukuqala umsebenzi, kodwa kunzima kakhulu ukuwuqeda.
• Kunzima ukuhlela izinto kusengaphambili, ukuhlela izinto, nokunquma ukuthi yini okufanele uyenze kuqala nokuthi yini okufanele uyenze kamuva (ikakhulukazi uma kukhulunywa ngemisebenzi enezinyathelo eziningi).
• Bayazonda ngempela futhi bayayigwema imisebenzi abayithola idina, njengokubhala amaphepha nemisebenzi yasekhaya.
• Izinto zihlala zilahleka, zilahlekile, noma zikhohliwe. Ngihlala ngifuna ipeni lami, okhiye, kanye nefoni.
• Kulula ukuphazanyiswa yinto encane ekuzungezile noma omunye umcabango ofika engqondweni yakho.
• Ngisho nasemisebenzini yansuku zonke, siyakhohlwa izinto. Mhlawumbe siyakhohlwa ukubonana nodokotela noma usuku lokuphelelwa yisikhathi kwebhili.

Cabanga ukuthi uNimali une-'report' ebalulekile okufanele ayilungiselele ehhovisi. Uqala ukuyilungisa, kodwa ngemva kwesikhashana ubona 'isaziso' efonini yakhe bese eya ukuyihlola. Bese ekhumbula okunye. Lapho ebuya 'embikweni', akakhumbuli nokuthi wagcina kuphi. Uma lokhu kwenzeka njalo, kungaba uphawu lwe-'ADHD'.

Izimpawu zokungasebenzi kahle/uhlobo lokuphazama

Nakuba lezi zimpawu zingavamile kwabesifazane, azikho nhlobo. Lezi zingaphazamisa nobudlelwano bakho, umsebenzi, kanye nezifundo. Bheka ukuthi unazo yini okungenani eziyisithupha zalezi zimpawu isikhathi esingaphezu kwezinyanga eziyisithupha:

• Ukuzulazula njalo, kuba nobunzima bokuhlala endaweni eyodwa. (ukuzulazula)
• Kudingeka ngivuke ngihambe njalo. Kunzima ukuhlala esihlalweni isikhathi eside.
• Ngihlala ngizizwa ngingakhululekile.
• Kunzima ukuthula. Ngikhuluma ngedwa, noma ngisho amagama nemisindo engenamsebenzi (ngezinye izikhathi hhayi ngamabomu, kodwa ngokuzumayo).
• Ukhuthele ngendlela engavamile, okwenza kube nzima ngabanye ukusebenza nawe.
• Ukukhuluma kakhulu (ngezinye izikhathi 'bachaza ngokweqile' bona, noma bakhuluma ngento abayithandayo - lokhu kubizwa nangokuthi `(ukulahla ulwazi)`).
• Unenkinga yokuzibamba ngesikhathi sezingxoxo (uhlala ephazamisa abanye, aphendule ngaphambi kokuba baqede imisho yabo).
• Kunzima ukubekezela ulinde ithuba lakho.
• Imingcele yezenhlalo ayiqondwa njalo (ingase iphazamise izingxoxo noma imisebenzi yabanye abantu ngengozi, futhi ingase ingaqapheli ukuthi lokhu kuyinkathazo kwabanye).

I-ADHD ivame kangakanani kwabesifazane? Kungani ingahlolwanga kahle?

Kunemibono ehlukahlukene mayelana nokusabalala kobulili kwe-ADHD. Ngokwezifundo eziningi, isilinganiso sabafana namantombazane ebuntwaneni singaba ngu-2:1.Lokho kusho ukuthi uma amantombazane amabili ene-ADHD, kunethuba elifanayo nelomfana oyedwa. Kodwa ezinye izifundo ziphakamisa ukuthi lesi silinganiso singaba phezulu njengo-17:1. Kodwa-ke, uma umuntu esemdala, lesi silinganiso sifana kakhulu. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi abesifazane batholakala benalesi simo lapho sebekhulile.

Nakuba ucwaningo luqinisekisile ukuthi lesi simo sivame kakhulu kubafana nakwabesilisa, kukhona nobufakazi bokuthi kungenzeka kakhulu ukuthi singatholakali kwabesifazane . Abacwaningi basola ukuthi lokhu kungenzeka ngenxa yezizathu eziningana:

• Uhlobo lwezimpawu: Izimpawu ezisebenza ngokweqile/ezingenasigqi ezivame kakhulu kubafana nabesilisa zibonakala kalula kwabanye, okwenza kube lula ukuthi zitholakale. Izimpawu zokunganaki kwabesifazane azibonakali kangako.
• Ubandlululo: Ngenxa yokuthi i-ADHD kucatshangwa ukuthi ivame kakhulu kwabesilisa, odokotela ngisho nothisha bangase bangazinaki kangako lezi zimpawu kwabesifazane. Lokhu kungabambezela abesifazane ekutholeni ukuxilongwa nokwelashwa okufanele.
• Ukuntuleka kocwaningo lwe-ADHD kwabesifazane: Ucwaningo lwasekuqaleni lwe-ADHD lugxile kakhulu endleleni oluthinta ngayo amadoda, ngakho-ke kunokuntuleka kocwaningo lwe-ADHD oluqondene nabesifazane.
• Ukushiyeka kwezindlela zokuxilonga zamanje: Abanye ochwepheshe bathi izindlela zokuxilonga zamanje azisizi kakhulu ekuxilongeni i-ADHD kwabesifazane, noma ukuthi azinembile kakhulu.
• Imibono yobulili kanye nokuziphatha: Ukuziphatha okuhlobene ne-ADHD – ikakhulukazi izici ezisebenza ngokweqile – kubhekwa njengokumukelekile emphakathini kubafana nabesilisa. Kodwa-ke, uma intombazane ingcolile, kubhekwa “njengento engeyinhle,” ngakho abesifazane bazama ukufihla nokucindezela lezi zimpawu ze-ADHD ukuze bavumelane nazo.

Yini ebangela i-ADHD?

Ochwepheshe abakaqondi ngokugcwele ukuthi kungani noma kanjani i-ADHD. Kodwa bayazi ukuthi i-ADHD inokuxhumana okuqinile kwezakhi zofuzo . Lokhu kusho ukuthi uma omunye wabazali bakho ene-ADHD, kungenzeka kakhulu ukuthi nawe ube ne-ADHD. Uma une-ADHD, izingane zakho nazo zinamathuba amaningi okuba nayo.

Sibiza abantu abane-ADHD ngokuthi ``Neurodivergent.'' Lokhu kusho ukuthi indlela ubuchopho babo obukhule ngayo kanye nokusebenza kwayo ihlukile kuneye-``Neurotypical'' (okungukuthi, labo ubuchopho babo obukhula futhi busebenza njengoba kulindelekile).

Abacwaningi basazama ukuthola ukuthi lezi zinguquko ekukhuleni kobuchopho ziyibangela kanjani i-ADHD. Kunobufakazi bokuthi kungenzeka ukuthi kungenxa yezinguquko esakhiweni sobuchopho, ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali, noma kokubili. Kukhona futhi nokusola ukuthi ama-hormone asekelwe ocansini noma ezinye izici zingathinta i-ADHD kanye nezimpawu zayo. Lokhu kungaba yingakho ezinye izimpawu zivame kakhulu kubafana nabesilisa.

Ungazi kanjani ukuthi une-ADHD? (Ukuxilongwa)

Udokotela – ngokuvamile udokotela wezifo zengqondo noma isazi sokusebenza kwengqondo – uzonquma ukuthi wena noma ingane yakho ninayo yini i-ADHD. Le nqubo ivame ukuhilela ukubuza imibuzo mayelana nezimpawu zamanje nezesikhathi esidlule. Basebenzisa nemibuzo ekhethekile ukusiza ekuxilongeni i-ADHD. Okwamanje azikho izivivinyo zelebhu noma ezinye izivivinyo zezokwelapha ezingaxilonga i-ADHD.

Ingabe ikhona indlela yokwelapha i-ADHD? Ingabe ingelapheka?

I-ADHD akuyona isifo esingelapheka ngokuphelele. Kodwa-ke, iyisimo esilawulwa kahle futhi esingelapheka. Imithi iyindlela yokwelapha eyinhloko. Futhi, izindlela zokwelapha ezengqondo ezahlukahlukene, njengokwelashwa kwengqondo, noma lokho esikubiza ngokuthi ukwelulekwa kwengqondo , nazo zivame ukusetshenziswa. Lezi zindlela zokweluleka zisiza izingane kanye nabantu abadala abane-ADHD ukuthi bazivumelanise nalesi simo futhi bafunde ukuphila naso. Futhi, lokhu kweluleka kuyasiza kwezinye izinkinga zempilo yengqondo, njengokukhathazeka noma ukucindezeleka, okuvame ukubonakala nge-ADHD.

Yimiphi imithi kanye nokwelashwa kwalokhu?

Kunezinhlobo eziningana zemithi engelapha i-ADHD. Iningi lale mithi lisebenza ngokushintsha amazinga ama-neurotransmitter, amakhemikhali asiza ubuchopho bethu ukuthi buxhumane.

Kunezinhlobo ezintathu eziyinhloko zemithi:

• Izikhuthazi: Izibonelo zifaka phakathi i-methylphenidate (Ritalin®), usawoti we-dextroamphetamine/amphetamine (Adderall®), kanye ne-lisdexamfetamine (Vyvanse®). Eziningi zalezi ziza ngezindlela ezahlukene, okusho ukuthi umuthi ungathathwa isikhathi esifushane noma eside.
• Izinto ezingezona ezivuselelayo: Izibonelo zifaka i-atomoxetine (Strattera®), i-viloxazine (Qelbree®), i-clonidine (Kapvay®) kanye ne-guanfacine (Intuniv®).
• Ama-antidepressants: Izibonelo zifaka phakathi i-bupropion (Wellbutrin®), i-desipramine (Norpramin®), i-imipramine (Tofranil®) kanye ne-nortriptyline (Pamelor™).

Okubalulekile: Le mithi kufanele ithathwe kuphela ngokunconywa ngudokotela. Udokotela uzonquma imithi efanele kanye nomthamo ofanele wena.

Ingabe ukwelashwa kungaba nemiphumela emibi?

Imiphumela emibi kanye nezinkinga zemithi ye-ADHD kuncike ezintweni eziningi, okuhlanganisa nohlobo lwemithi oyiphuzayo. Udokotela wakho angachaza kangcono ukuthi yimiphi imiphumela emibi ongayithola nokuthi yini ongayenza ngayo.

Omunye umphumela ongemuhle okufanele uwuqaphele kakhulu ngemithi evuselelayo ukwehla kwesifiso sokudla . Kuvamile ukuthi le mithi inciphise isifiso sokudla. Kodwa-ke, lokhu kungaba yinkinga uma othile enenkinga yokudla. Izinkinga zokudla zivame kakhulu kwabesifazane kunakwabesilisa. Uma ubhekana noma usola lo mphumela ongemuhle, kufanele ukhulume nodokotela wezingane wengane yakho noma udokotela wakho.

Ingabe ikhona indlela yokuvimbela i-ADHD?

I-ADHD yenzeka ngezindlela ezingalindelekile nangezizathu ochwepheshe abangakaziqondi ngokugcwele. Ngakho-ke, okwamanje ayikho indlela yokuyivimbela noma yokunciphisa ingozi yokuyithola.

Yini ongayilindela uma une-ADHD?

I-ADHD ayiyona inkinga eyingozi, kodwa ingathinta izici eziningi zempilo yakho - umsebenzi wesikole, umsebenzi, ubungane, ubudlelwano bomndeni, nokuningi.

Abesifazane abane-ADHD basengozini enkulu yalokhu okulandelayo:

• Ukuxhashazwa (kokubili ubuso nobuso kanye nokuxhashazwa ku-inthanethi).
• Izinkinga zokulawula imizwa , ikakhulukazi ukuzwela ngokweqile ekwenqatshweni (Ukwenqatshwa Ukucindezeleka Okuzwelayo).
• Izinkinga zokufunda , isibonelo `(Dyslexia)` (ubunzima bokufunda) kanye `(Dyscalculia)` (ubunzima bezibalo).
• Izimpawu zomzimba ezihlobene nempilo yengqondo , isibonelo, ikhanda elibuhlungu, ukucasuka kwesisu, ukukhathala, kanye nokungalali.
• Izimo zempilo yengqondo ezihlobene zihlanganisa ukukhathazeka nokucindezeleka.
• Ukuziphatha kokuzilimaza , njengokuzisika, ukuluma izinzipho, nokuqoba isikhumba.
• Ubunzima bokwakha nokugcina ubungane nobudlelwano (abesifazane bavame ukufihla izimpawu zabo ze-ADHD ukuze bavumelane).

I-ADHD ihlala isikhathi esingakanani?

I-ADHD yisimo esiqala ebuntwaneni, ngokuvamile ngaphambi kweminyaka eyi-12. Empeleni, i-ADHD yisimo sokuphila konke. Abanye abantu bathi "bayakhula" noma "badlule kuso njengoba bekhula," ngoba izimpawu zabo ziyancipha kancane kancane futhi azisenamandla ngokwanele ukuba kudingeke ukuthi kutholakale ukuthi une-ADHD.

Kodwa-ke, abesifazane banamathuba amancane okuthi "bakhule" ngaphandle kwe-ADHD. Cishe ama-60% abesifazane ayaqhubeka nokuba ne-ADHD baze babe badala. Phakathi kwabesilisa, leli phesenti licishe libe ngu-30%.

Singakwazi yini ukuphuma kulesi simo? Siyini isimo sengqondo?

Ngokwelashwa nokuqeqeshwa, imiphumela yalesi simo ingalawulwa futhi iguqulwe ibe yimihle. Ochwepheshe nabacwaningi baye baqaphela kahle ukuxhumana phakathi kwe-'ADHD' nobuciko, amakhono okuxazulula izinkinga, kanye namakhono okukhumbula aqinile. Izinkampani eziningi ezinkulu zinesithakazelo esikhulu ekuqasheni abantu '(ama-Neurodiverse)', okungukuthi, abantu abanezimo ezifana ne-'ADHD'. Ngoba ezinye zezici ezibangelwa yilezi zimo zizuzisa izinhlobo ezithile zemisebenzi.

I-ADHD yomuntu ngamunye ihlukile njengomuntu. Abantu abaningi badlula ekuphileni ngaphandle kokuxilongwa noma ukwelashwa. Nakuba kungenzeka ukuzivumelanisa nayo - futhi mhlawumbe ngisho nokuguqula izimpawu zayo zibe amandla - lesi simo sivame ukwenza impilo ibe nzima.

Uzinakekela kanjani? Yini ongayenza?

Uma usola ukuthi wena noma ingane yakho ine-ADHD, indawo engcono kakhulu yokuqala ukufuna usizo kudokotela womndeni wakho (umhlinzeki wokunakekelwa okuyinhloko) noma udokotela wezingane wengane yakho. Bangakudlulisela kuchwepheshe onokuqeqeshwa nolwazi lokuxilonga nokwelapha i-ADHD.

Uma uchwepheshe ekuxilonga ukuthi une-ADHD, uzokunikeza isiqondiso nezincomo mayelana nezinketho zokwelapha. Nazi ezinye zezinto ezinhle kakhulu ezingakusiza kulolu hambo:

• Phuza imithi yakho njengoba nje uyalelwe. Imithi ye-ADHD kufanele iphuzwe njengoba uyalelwe njalo. Ukwenza kanjalo kungasiza ekuvimbeleni imiphumela emibi engemihle engaba khona ngezinhlobo eziningi ezahlukene zemithi.
• Bonana nodokotela wakho njengoba uyalelwe. Kuye ngemithetho yasendaweni yakini, eminye imithi ingabhalwa kuphela uma ubona udokotela wakho njalo. Kufanele futhi uye emihlanganweni yokwelulekwa kanye neminye imihlangano yezokwelapha njengoba uyalelwe.
• Thola okusebenzela wena. Ngaphezu kokuthola ukwelashwa okufanele kuwe, kunezinto ongazengeza empilweni yakho ukusiza ukuphatha i-ADHD yakho. Ukusungula imikhuba nemikhuba, kanye nokusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe - isibonelo, izinhlelo zokusebenza ze-smartphone ezisiza nge-ADHD - nakho kungasiza.
• Ungesabi ukucela indawo yokuhlala. Lezi izinguquko noma ukulungiswa endaweni yakho yomsebenzi noma yesikole okungakusiza ukuthi uphathe kangcono i-ADHD yakho. Izindawo eziningi (kuye ngokuthi uhlala kuphi) zinemithetho edinga abaqashi nezikhungo zemfundo ukuthi benze lezi zindawo zokuhlala. Udokotela wakho angakutshela okwengeziwe mayelana nokuthi yiziphi izindawo zokuhlala ezingatholakala ukukusiza, noma akuthumele ezinsizeni lapho ungathola khona usizo.

Khumbula, ayikho indlela eyodwa efanele yokuphatha i-ADHD. Abanye abantu bayazuza ngemithi, abanye ngokwelulekwa, kanti abanye kokubili. Okusebenza kumuntu oyedwa kungase kusebenzele wena noma ingane yakho noma kungasebenzeli wena noma ingane yakho. Isikhathi esithathayo ukubona imiphumela singahluka. Into ebalulekile ukuthola okusebenza kuwe nakumntanakho futhi usebenzise kahle lokho okutholayo.

Ingabe abesifazane bane-ADHD enganaki kakhulu?

Umbono ovamile oyiphutha ukuthi abesifazane banamathuba amaningi okuba nezimpawu zohlobo lwe-ADHD oluthi "Uhlobo Lokunganaki", noma ukuthi banamathuba amaningi okuthola ukuthi banalo lolo hlobo. Kodwa-ke, izifundo eziningana zikhombisile ukuthi akunjalo .

Eqinisweni, abesifazane banezinga elifanayo lezimpawu zokunganaki njengabesilisa. Kodwa-ke, banezimpawu ezimbalwa zokungakhathali/ukungakhathali. Okusho ukuthi, abesifazane banamathuba afanayo namadoda okuba nohlobo lokungakhathali lwe-ADHD, kodwa mancane amathuba okuba nohlobo lokungakhathali/ukungakhathali kanye nohlobo oluxubile lwe-ADHD.

Abesifazane abane-ADHD banamathuba amaningi okuthi baxilongwe kabi noma baxilongwe kabi. Lokhu kungabenza bazizwe bekhungathekile futhi bengenalusizo. Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuqonda ukuthi i-ADHD yisimo sezokwelapha esithinta indlela ubuchopho bakho obusebenza ngayo. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ubunzima obhekana nabo bubangelwa yisimo sezokwelapha, hhayi yiphutha ebuntwini bakho noma ebuntwini bakho.

Uma usola ukuthi wena noma ingane yakho ine-ADHD, kubalulekile ukukhuluma nochwepheshe ukuze kutholakale futhi kwelashwe lesi simo. Ngokubambisana, ningakha uhlelo lokwelapha ukuze niphathe izimpawu zenu ze-ADHD. Ngemuva kwalokho, ningathola indlela yokuguqula lokho okunihlukanisa nabanye kube amandla enu.

Ekugcineni, khumbula lokhu...

• I-ADHD yisimo sangempela sezokwelapha. Akuyona into oyicabangele, akusibo ubuvila, akusibo ubuthakathaka bobuntu.
• I-ADHD ivame kakhulu nakwabesifazane. Kodwa-ke, ivame ukutholakala sekwephuzile noma ingase ingabonakali nhlobo.
• Uma ucabanga ukuthi unezimpawu ze-ADHD, ungesabi ukufuna iseluleko sezokwelapha. Ukuxilongwa okufanele kanye nokwelashwa kungenza impilo yakho ibe lula kakhulu.
• Awuwedwa. Baningi abanye abantu abaphila nalesi simo. Thola usizo, wabelane ngolwazi lwakho.
• Ukuphila ne-ADHD kungaba yinselele, kodwa ngokusekelwa namasu afanele, ungaphila impilo ephumelelayo nejabulisayo. Zama ukuguqula ukungezwani kwakho kube amandla akho!

I - ADHD, i-ADHD kwabesifazane, ukuphazamiseka kokungakwazi ukunaka, izimpawu ze-ADHD, ukwelashwa kwe-ADHD, impilo yengqondo