Ingabe nawe unomdlavuza we-adrenal? Ake sifunde ngawo.

Kungenzeka ukuthi uke wezwa amagama athi 'umdlavuza we-adrenal', noma mhlawumbe lokhu kuyinto entsha kuwe. Kodwa-ke, kuyinto evamile ukuzizwa wesaba futhi unelukuluku uma uzwa leli gama. Kodwa ungakhathazeki, sizokhuluma ngalokhu kalula, ngendlela ongayiqonda. Ngoba, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba nolwazi olufanele ngezinto ezinjengalezi.

Uyini ngempela umdlavuza we-adrenal?

Kalula nje, sinezinso ezimbili emzimbeni wethu, akunjalo? Ngaphezu kwalezo zinso ezimbili, kunezindlala ezimbili, njengezivalo ezimbili ezincane. Lezi yizindlala esizibiza ngokuthi izindlala ze-adrenal . Nakuba zincane ngobukhulu, zenza umsebenzi obaluleke kakhulu emzimbeni wethu. Okusho ukuthi, zikhiqiza izinhlobo ezahlukene zama-hormone ezibalulekile ekusebenzeni kwemizimba yethu. Lawa ma-hormone alawula izinto eziningi emzimbeni wethu, isibonelo, i-metabolism kanye nomfutho wegazi.

Manje, uyini umdlavuza? Amaseli emzimbeni wethu ayahlukana, akhule, futhi ekugcineni afe. ​​Leyo inqubo evamile. Kodwa ngezinye izikhathi, kwenzeka ushintsho oluthile, noma ukuguquka, kumaseli kula ma-adrenal glands, futhi lawo maseli aqala ukuhlukana ngokushesha nangokungalawuleki. Lawa maseli akhula ngendlela engavamile ayahlangana ukuze akhe isimila . Uma lesi simila siba sibi, yilokho esikubiza ngokuthi 'umdlavuza we-adrenal'. Lo mdlavuza ungakhula endlaleni eyodwa ye-adrenal, noma ungakhula kuzo zombili izindlala.

Ingabe zikhona izinhlobo zomdlavuza we-adrenal?

Yebo, kunezinhlobo eziningana eziyinhloko zomdlavuza we-adrenal gland, kuye ngokuthi uvela kuphi. Ake sibheke ukuthi ziyini:

1. I-Adrenocortical Carcinoma (ACC): Lolu uhlobo oluvame kakhulu lomdlavuza we-adrenal. Luvela engxenyeni engaphandle ye-adrenal gland, ebizwa ngokuthi i-cortex . Le cortex ikhiqiza ama-hormone e-steroid alawula izinto ezifana nokugaya ukudla, umfutho wegazi, ukuma komzimba, kanye nokukhula kwezinwele.

2. I-Neuroblastoma: Lolu hlobo lomdlavuza lukhula emangqamuzaneni ezinzwa. Ngakho-ke lungakhula ezingxenyeni eziningi ezahlukene zomzimba. Kodwa-ke, cishe ingxenye yesithathu yawo ikhula engxenyeni engaphakathi ye-adrenal gland, ebizwa ngokuthi i-medulla . I-medulla ikhiqiza amakhemikhali abizwa ngokuthi i-epinephrine kanye ne-norepinephrine. Lawa asiza ukulawula uhlelo lwezinzwa oluzwelayo, olulawula izinto ezifana nokujuluka, ukushaya kwenhliziyo, kanye nomfutho wegazi. Lolu hlobo lomdlavuza luvame kakhulu ezinsaneni nasezinganeni ezingaphansi kweminyaka eyi-10 ubudala.

3. I-Pheochromocytoma: Lo mdlavuza uqala enkabeni ye-medulla, emaseli avame ukukhiqiza i-adrenaline. I-Adrenaline iyi-hormone esiza ukulawula umfutho wegazi kanye nokushaya kwenhliziyo.

Uvame kangakanani lo mdlavuza we-adrenal?

Umdlavuza we-adrenal empeleni uyisimo esingavamile kakhulu . Isibonelo, ezweni elifana ne-United States, cishe abantu abangamakhulu amabili kuphela abatholakala benalesi sifo minyaka yonke. Ngakho-ke ungesabi ngokweqile ngokuzwa ngakho.

Yiziphi izimpawu ezingaba khona zomdlavuza we-adrenal?

Leli iphuzu elibaluleke kakhulu. Umdlavuza we-adrenal awuthinti wonke umuntu ngendlela efanayo. Abanye abantu bangase babe nobuhlungu njengoba isimila sikhula futhi sicindezela izitho eziseduze. Kwabanye, isimila singase siveze izimpawu ezahlukahlukene ngenxa yama-hormone esiwakhiqizayo.

Nazi ezinye zezimpawu ezivame ukubonakala:

• Ubuhlungu besisu
• Ukuhlungu obusemhlane
• Ukuzizwa ugcwele esiswini sakho
• Ubuhlungu bemisipha, izinhlungu
• Ubuthakathaka emzimbeni
• Ubuhlungu bekhanda

Kukhona nezimpawu ezithile ezibangelwa izinguquko zamahomoni. Isibonelo:

• Ukukhula kwezinwele okungafunwa ebusweni noma emzimbeni (i-hirsutism)
• Ukuqala ngokuzumayo kwesifo sikashukela noma amazinga aphezulu kashukela egazini
• Umfutho wegazi ophakeme
• Amazinga aphansi e-potassium egazini (i-hypokalemia)
• Ukwehlisa isisindo okungachazeki
• Ukwanda kwesisindo okungachazeki
• Ukwanda kwesilinganiso senhliziyo (Ukushaya kwenhliziyo okusheshayo)
• Amabele amakhulu (kwabesifazane nakwabesilisa)
• Ukukhula okungavamile kwezitho zangasese (ipenisi kubafana noma i-clitoris emantombazaneni) ezinganeni
• Isifiso sobulili esiphansi
• Ukukhathazeka okuvamile
• Ukuhlaselwa uvalo

Okubalulekile, izimila ze-adrenal ngezinye izikhathi azibangeli zimpawu , futhi ngezinye izikhathi zitholakala ngengozi ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa okwenziwe ngesinye isizathu.

Izimpawu Zomdlavuza Wezinso Owe-Metastatic

Uma umdlavuza usakazekela ngale kwezindlala ze-adrenal, okungukuthi, kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba (i-metastatic), izimpawu zingaba zimbi kakhulu. Izimpawu zomdlavuza wesigaba sesi-4 zifaka:

• Isicanucanu nokuhlanza
• Ukuqunjelwa
• Ukukhathala
• Imfiva
• Ukudideka
• Ukulahlekelwa yisifiso sokudla

Yini ebangela umdlavuza we-adrenal?

Eqinisweni, odokotela abakayazi imbangela eqondile yomdlavuza we-adrenal gland ezimweni eziningi. Siyazi ukuthi izinguquko (ukuguqulwa kwezakhi zofuzo) ku -DNA emaseli ethu zingabangela amangqamuzana ukuba aziphathe ngendlela engajwayelekile futhi abe nomdlavuza. Kodwa okungacaci ukuthi kungani lezi zinguquko ze-DNA zenzeka.

Abanye abantu bathola ifa lokuguqulwa kwezakhi zofuzo kubazali babo okungandisa ingozi yabo yokuthola la makhambi. Kwezinye izimo, ukuchayeka kumakhemikhali nakho kungaba yimbangela. Kodwa-ke, ezimweni eziningi, lezi zinguquko ze-DNA zibonakala zenzeka ngaphandle kwesizathu esicacile.

Yiziphi izici eziyingozi zomdlavuza we-adrenal?

Isici esiyingozi yinto ekhulisa amathuba okuthola isifo. Akusho ukuthi uzosithola nakanjani lesi sifo. Kodwa singakutshela ukuthi usengozini enkulu.

Ezinye izinto eziyingozi zemvelo ezingathinta umdlavuza we-adrenal zifaka:

• Ukubhema
• Ukuchayeka kumakhemikhali athile, isibonelo i-asbestos ne -radon .
• Njengoba uke wathola ukwelashwa ngemisebe esiswini (lapho kutholakala khona izindlala ze-adrenal).

Nakuba iningi lezimila ze-adrenal zenzeka ngaphandle kwesizathu esicacile, cishe abantu abangu-15% abathola izimila ze-adrenal banesifo sofuzo . Lokhu kuvame kakhulu ezinganeni. Ezinye izifo zofuzo ezingase zihlotshaniswe nomdlavuza we-adrenal gland zifaka:

• I-Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome
• I-Von Hippel-Lindau syndrome
• I-Li-Fraumeni syndrome
• I-Familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP)
• Uhlobo 1 lwe-Neurofibromatosis
• I-neoplasia ye-endocrine eminingi (MEN)
• I-Carney complex
• I-Lynch syndrome

Lokhu kuyinkimbinkimbi kancane, akunjalo? Uma unokungabaza ngalolu hlobo lwesimo, kungcono ukukhuluma nodokotela.

Uthola kanjani ukuthi unomdlavuza we-adrenal?

Udokotela wakho angase asole umdlavuza we-adrenal gland ngokusekelwe ezimpawini zakho (isibonelo, ukukhula kwezinwele okungavamile, ukushintsha kwesisindo ngokuzumayo). Kodwa ngezinye izikhathi, lawa mathumba atholakala ngengozi ngesikhathi se -CT scan (i-computed tomography scan) noma i-MRI scan (i-magnetic resonance imaging) eyenziwa ngesinye isizathu.

Uma uya kudokotela, uzokwenza lezi zinto:

• Yenza ukuhlolwa ngokomzimba.
• Umlando wakho wezokwelapha uzobuyekezwa.
• Ngibuza ngezimpawu zakho.
• Bazohlola ukuthi unazo yini izinto ezingabangela umdlavuza we-adrenal.
• Buza ngomlando womndeni wakho womdlavuza.

Yiziphi izivivinyo ezisiza ekuxilongeni umdlavuza we-adrenal?

Ngemva kokuhlolwa ngokomzimba, udokotela angenza ezinye izivivinyo eziningana, ukuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa noma ukuqeda ezinye izimo zezokwelapha. Lezi zivivinyo zifaka:

• Ukuhlolwa kwegazi:Lokhu kungasetshenziswa ukuhlola amazinga ama-hormone nezinye izinkomba.
• Ukuhlolwa komchamo: Umchamo ungahlolwa ama-hormone nezinye izinto.
• Ukuhlolwa kwezithombe: Ukuhlolwa okufana nokuskena kwe-CT, ukuskena kwe-MRI, kanye nokuskena kwe-PET kunganikeza isithombe esicacile sobukhulu, indawo, kanye nokusabalala kwesimila. Ngezinye izikhathi i -biopsy , ehilela ukususa ingxenye encane yesimila ukuze kuhlolwe, ingenziwa, kodwa lokhu akwenziwa njalo kumdlavuza we-adrenal.

Ukuhlolwa kwesigaba somdlavuza we-adrenal

Odokotela basebenzisa uhlelo lokuhlola umdlavuza ukuze bahlole umdlavuza we-adrenal. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ubukhulu besimila, indawo yaso, nokuthi ngabe sisakazeke yini kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba.

Kalula nje, uma inani likhula, umdlavuza usabalale kakhulu:

• Isigaba 1: Isimila singamasentimitha angu-5 noma ngaphansi futhi asikasabalali ngale kwendlala ye-adrenal.
• Isigaba sesi-2: Isimila sikhulu ngaphezu kwamasentimitha ama-5, kodwa asikasabalali ngale kwendlala ye-adrenal.
• Isigaba 3: Umdlavuza usesigabeni se-adrenal futhi ususakazekele ezicutshini ezizungezile noma kuma-lymph node aseduze.
• Isigaba 4: Umdlavuza usesigabeni se-adrenal futhi ususakazekele ezithweni ezikude njengamaphaphu nesibindi.

Lezi zigaba zingaba nzima kancane. Uma unemibuzo ethile mayelana nokuxilongwa kwakho, kungcono ukukhuluma nodokotela wakho.

Ingabe umdlavuza we-adrenal ungalapheka?

Lokhu kuyinkinga kubantu abaningi. Uma umdlavuza utholakala kuphela endlaleni ye-adrenal futhi ungasakazekelanga kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba, kunethuba lokwelashwa. Ukususwa kwendlale ngokuhlinzwa (i-adrenalectomy) kuyindlela eyinhloko yokwelapha kulesi sigaba.

Kodwa-ke, uma umdlavuza ususakazekele ngale kwendlala ye-adrenal, amathuba okwelashwa okuphelele ayancipha. Kodwa-ke, ukwelashwa kungalawula ukukhula kwesimila futhi kuthuthukise ikhwalithi yempilo yakho.

Umdlavuza we-adrenal welashwa kanjani?

Ukwelashwa komdlavuza we-adrenal kuncike ngobukhulu besimila, indawo yaso, nokuthi ngabe sisakazeke ngale kwe-adrenal gland. Kunezindlela eziningana zokwelapha ezingaba khona:

• Ukuhlinzwa:

Uma isimila sise-adrenal gland kuphela, noma sisakazekele ezicutshini eziseduze noma kuma-lymph node, udokotela wakho cishe uzoncoma ukuhlinzwa. Udokotela ohlinzayo uzosusa yonke i-adrenal gland (i-adrenalectomy) nanoma yiziphi izingxenye eziseduze ezinesifo.

Uma umdlavuza usesigabeni esisodwa se-adrenal kuphela, esinye i-gland sizosebenza ngendlela evamile. Ezimweni eziningi, akukho okunye okudingeka kwenziwe. Kodwa-ke, uma zombili izindlala ze-adrenal zisusiwe, kuzodingeka uthathe imithi yokufaka esikhundleni samahomoni akhiqizwa yilezo zindlala impilo yakho yonke.

Ngezinye izikhathi, ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali noma ngemisebe kunganconywa ngemva kokuhlinzwa ukuze kubhujiswe noma yimaphi amangqamuzana omdlavuza asele futhi kuncishiswe ingozi yokuphinda kuvele umdlavuza.

Ngisho nangemva kokuba umdlavuza ususakazeke, kunezikhathi lapho kunconywa khona ukuhlinzwa ukuze kususwe isimila esiningi ngangokunokwenzeka. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi 'ukuhlinzwa kokususa i-bulking' .

• Ukwelashwa ngemisebe:

Lokhu kuhilela ukusebenzisa imisebe ye-X enamandla amakhulu ukubhubhisa amangqamuzana omdlavuza. Ukwelashwa ngemisebe kuvame ukusetshenziswa kancane njengokwelashwa kokuqala komdlavuza we-adrenal. Kungasetshenziswa ukunciphisa ingozi yokubuya komdlavuza ngemva kokuhlinzwa. Kungasetshenziswa futhi ukunciphisa izimpawu lapho umdlavuza ususakazeke khona. Odokotela bangase banikeze ukwelashwa ngemisebe kanye ne-chemotherapy noma eminye imithi.

• Ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali:

Ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali (chemotherapy) ukusetshenziswa kwemithi ukubulala amangqamuzana omdlavuza. Le mithi inganikezwa njengamaphilisi noma ngemithambo yegazi. Ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali kuvame ukusetshenziselwa ukwelapha umdlavuza we-adrenal osusakazekele kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba. Kungasetshenziswa futhi ukubulala amangqamuzana omdlavuza asele ngemva kokuhlinzwa.

I -Mitotane umuthi we-chemotherapy ovame ukusetshenziswa ukwelapha umdlavuza we-adrenal gland.

• Eminye imithi:

Odokotela basebenzisa neminye imithi ukwelapha izimila ze-adrenal gland. Eminye imithi, njenge- metyrapone, inganciphisa ukukhiqizwa kwama-hormone e-adrenal steroid. Eminye imithi, njenge -spironolactone kanye ne-mifepristone, ivimba imiphumela yama-hormone akhiqizwa yilesi simila.

Nakuba le mithi ingase inciphise izimpawu zakho, ayinciphisi noma ibhubhise amangqamuzana omdlavuza.

Ubani owelapha umdlavuza we-adrenal?

Uma unomdlavuza we-adrenal, ithimba lakho lezokwelapha lingafaka ochwepheshe abaningana, okuhlanganisa:

• Odokotela bezifo zomdlavuza - maqondana nokuhlinzwa, ukwelashwa ngemisebe, kanye nemithi.
• Odokotela be-Endocrinologists - ngezinkinga ezihlobene nama-hormone.

Ingabe umdlavuza we-adrenal usakazeka ngokushesha?

Lokhu kuzohluka kuye ngohlobo lwesimila onaso:

• I-Adrenocortical carcinoma, uhlobo oluvame kakhulu, ivame ukukhula ngokushesha futhi isakazeke ngokushesha.
• Ezinye izinhlobo ze-neuroblastoma zikhula kancane, kanti ezinye zikhula ngokushesha.
• Iningi lama- pheochromocytomas anomdlavuza likhula kancane.

Umdlavuza we-adrenal awuthinti wonke umuntu ngendlela efanayo. Uma unemibuzo mayelana nokuthi isimila sakho sikhula ngokushesha kangakanani, kungcono ukukhuluma nodokotela wakho.

Umdlavuza we-adrenal gland uyingozi kangakanani?

Ngokuvamile, umdlavuza we-adrenal gland kunzima ukuwulapha. Ukubikezela komdlavuza kuncike endaweni yesimila, ubukhulu baso, nokuthi ngabe sesisakazekele kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba.

Ungakwazi yini ukusinda e-adrenal tumor? Amanani Okusinda Komdlavuza Wezinso

Yebo, kungenzeka ukusinda enesimila se-adrenal. Kodwa-ke, lokhu kuncike ezintweni eziningi.

Uma kukhulunywa ngamazinga okusinda, izinga lokusinda kweminyaka emihlanu yomdlavuza we-adrenal osesigabeni sokuqala liphakathi kuka-50% no-60% . Lokhu kusho ukuthi abantu abangafika ku-60% abanalesi sifo basaphila eminyakeni emihlanu ngemuva kokutholakala benalesi sifo. Kodwa-ke, uma umdlavuza ususakazekele kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba, leli zinga lokusinda kweminyaka emihlanu lehla laya ku-10% laya ku-20%.

Kodwa khumbula lokhu: Amanani okusinda ayizibalo nje. Azikutsheli ukuthi uzophila isikhathi esingakanani noma ukuthi ukwelashwa okuthile kuzophumelela kangakanani kuwe. Khuluma nodokotela wakho ukuze uthole ukuthi lezi zibalo zisebenza kanjani esimweni sakho.

Ingabe umdlavuza we-adrenal ungavinjelwa?

Ayikho indlela eqinisekisiwe yokuvimbela umdlavuza we-adrenal gland, kodwa ukugwema izici eziyingozi zemvelo, njengokubhema, kungasiza ekunciphiseni ingozi yakho iyonke ngezinga elithile.

Kufanele ngimbone nini udokotela?

Izimpawu zomdlavuza we-adrenal akulula ukuzibona ngaso sonke isikhathi. Kodwa-ke, bona udokotela uma uhlangabezana nanoma yikuphi kwalokhu okulandelayo:

• Ubuhlungu besisu
• Isifo sikashukela esiqala ngokuzumayo
• Ukwehla kwesisindo okungachazeki noma ukukhuluphala
• Ukukhula kwezinwele ngokweqile
• Izinguquko ezithweni zakho zobulili

Uma ilungu lomndeni eliseduze (umzali noma umfowenu noma udadewabo) libe nomdlavuza we-adrenal, kungumqondo omuhle futhi ukukhuluma nodokotela ngengozi yakho.

Yimiphi imibuzo okufanele ngiyibuze udokotela wami?

Uma wena noma othandekayo wakho nitholakale ninomdlavuza we-adrenal, kungaba usizo ukuzibuza le mibuzo:

• Ikuphi ithumba? (Ikuphi ithumba?)
• Ingakanani i-tumor?
• Ingabe umdlavuza ususakazeke ngaphandle kwendlala yami ye-adrenal?
• Ingabe ngidinga ukuhlolwa okwengeziwe?
• Yiziphi izindlela zami zokwelapha?
• Ngizokwazi yini ukusebenza noma ukuya esikoleni ngesikhathi sokwelashwa?
• Ngizoqala nini ukwelashwa?
• Yini engingayenza ukuze nginciphise izimpawu zami?
• Angakanani amathuba okuthi umdlavuza we-adrenal uzobuya?

Kuvamile ukuba nemizwa eminingi exubile uma uthola ukuthi unomdlavuza we-adrenal. Udokotela wakho ukhona ukuzokusiza. Ngaphezu kokukhuluma ngezinketho zokwelapha, angakutshela nangemithombo yolwazi nokusekelwa. Ungase ukwazi ukukhuluma nabanye abadlula kokuhlangenwe nakho okufanayo ngamaqembu okusekela, kungaba endaweni yakini noma ku-inthanethi. Lokhu kungaba usizo kakhulu enhlalakahleni yakho yengqondo, ngokomzwelo nangokomoya phakathi nalesi sikhathi esinzima.

Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya

Kulungile, ake siphinde sixoxe ngamanye amaphuzu abaluleke kakhulu kulokho esikhulume ngakho.

• Umdlavuza we-adrenal uyisifo esingavamile .
• Izimpawu ziyahlukahluka, futhi ngezinye izikhathi kungase kungabi nazimpawu nhlobo. Uma ubona noma yini engavamile, funa iseluleko sezokwelapha.
• Imbangela ayicaci ngaso sonke isikhathi, kodwa izici zofuzo kanye nezemvelo zingase zibe nendima.
• Kunezindlela eziningana zokwelapha, kuye ngesigaba kanye nohlobo lomdlavuza.
• Ukutholwa kusenesikhathi kwandisa amathuba okululama.
• Uma wena noma othile omaziyo enemibuzo ngalokhu, ungesabi ukukhuluma nodokotela. Ulwazi olunembile kanye nokusekelwa kubaluleke kakhulu.

Khumbula, awuwedwa. Isayensi yezokwelapha isithuthukile, futhi baningi abantu abangakusiza.

Umdlavuza we - adrenal, izindlala ze-adrenal, ama-hormone, izimpawu zomdlavuza, ukwelashwa komdlavuza, izinso, izigaba zomdlavuza