Kuyini i-Wilms Tumor? Ingabe ingane yakho isengozini? Masiqaphele!

Ubungazizwa kanjani ukube ubugeza, ugqoka, noma umane ubambe ingane yakho bese uzwa iqhubu elincane esiswini sayo? Lokho kuyesabeka ngempela, akunjalo? Ngezikhathi ezinjengalezi, sidinga ukucabanga ngalesi simo esibizwa ngokuthi isimila sikaWilms. Ake sixoxe ngaso namuhla.

Iyini ngempela i-Wilms Tumor?

Kalula nje, i-Wilms tumor uhlobo lomdlavuza wezinso olwenzeka ezinganeni ezincane. Ibanga cishe amaphesenti angama-90 omdlavuza wezinso ezinganeni. Ngezinye izikhathi, i-Wilms tumor ingavela kanye nezinye izimo ezikhona lapho kuzalwa. Lokhu sikubiza ngokuthi "ama-congenital syndromes" noma iqoqo lezimo ezikhona lapho kuzalwa.

Lokhu kubizwa nangokuthi `(isimila sikaWilms)` kanye `(i-nephroblastoma)`. Ngokuvamile, kukhona isimila esisodwa kuphela enso eyodwa. Kodwa-ke, ezinye izingane zingaba nezimila kuzo zombili izinso `(ezihlangothini ezimbili)` noma kungaba khona izindawo ezingaphezu kweyodwa ezinomdlavuza enso eyodwa.

Ubani othola lokhu kakhulu?

Lesi yisimo esingavamile esithinta abantu abadala. I-Wilms tumor ingumdlavuza othinta kakhulu izingane ezingaphansi kweminyaka eyi-15. Ama-95% ezingane ezinalesi sifo atholakala engakafiki eminyakeni eyi-10.

Izingane ezimnyama ezidabuka e-Afrika zisengozini enkulu kancane. Izingane zase-Asia zisengozini encane. Futhi, amantombazane anamathuba amancane okuba nayo kunabafana.

Emindenini embalwa kakhulu, lokhu kubikwa nokuthi kuvela ezizakhini zofuzo.

Sivame kangakanani lesi simo?

Ezweni elifana neMelika, kuthiwa kubikwa amacala amasha angaba ngu-500 omdlavuza waseWilms minyaka yonke. Kunzima ukuthola izibalo eziqondile zokuthi kwenzeka kanjani eSri Lanka, kodwa lo mdlavuza ungabonakala ezinganeni.

Yiziphi izifo zokuzalwa ezingabonakala ngesimila sikaWilms?

Akuvamile kakhulu ukuthi izingane ezinesimila sikaWilms zibe nezinye izimo zokuzalwa. Kodwa kungenzeka. Nazi ezinye zezimpawu eziyinhloko:

• I-Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome: Izingane ezinalesi sifo zisengozini engu-5% kuya ku-10% yokuthola isimila saseWilms. Lesi yisimo lapho izingxenye zomzimba zikhula khona kakhulu kunokujwayelekile. Ngezinye izikhathi uhlangothi olulodwa lomzimba lungaba lukhulu kunolunye.
• I-WAGR syndrome: Izingane ezinalesi sifo zisengozini engu-50% yokuthola isimila sikaWilms (igama elithi W egameni limelela uWilms). Lokhu kungabangela ukulahlekelwa ingxenye ye- iris (i-Aniridia), kanye nezinkinga zezitho zangasese nezezinso.
• Isifo sikaDenys-Drash:Izingane ezinale nhlanganisela yezimpawu zisengozini enkulu kakhulu yokuthola isimila seWilms, esingadala nezinkinga ezithweni zokuzala kanye nezinso.

Ziyini izimpawu zesimila saseWilms?

Bheka lezi zimpawu enganeni yakho:

• Isigaxa noma ukuqina/iqhubu esiswini (esiswini). Lesi sigaxa noma iqhubu ngezinye izikhathi lingaba buhlungu, kodwa isikhathi esiningi alibuhlungu.
• Ubuhlungu besisu.
• Igazi emchameni (i-hematuria).
• Imfiva.
• Umfutho wegazi ophakeme (umfutho wegazi ophakeme). Lokhu kungabangela ukuphuma kwegazi ekhaleni, ikhanda elibuhlungu, kanye namehlo abomvu egazini enganeni.

Uma unesinye noma ngaphezulu salezi zimpawu , kufanele ubonane nodokotela ngokushesha.

Yini ebangela isimila saseWilms?

Eqinisweni, asikazi kahle ukuthi yini ebangela isimila sikaWilms. Nakuba inani elincane kakhulu labantu lingase libe nesifo sofuzo, akucaci ukuthi kungani sikhula ezimweni eziningi.

Isifo se-Wilms sitholakala kanjani (sitholakala kanjani)?

Uma ubona iqhubu endaweni ye-diaper yengane yakho, noma uma iqhubu likwenza usebenzise i-diaper enkulu, udokotela wakho angase afune ukuhlola isimila saseWilms. Lezi ziqhubu ngezinye izikhathi zingaba nkulu kunezinso.

Uma ingane yakho inesinye sezifo esixoxe ngazo ngaphambili noma inkinga yofuzo, ungakhuluma nodokotela wakho bese unquma ukuthi uzoqhubeka yini nokuhlolwa.

Ukuhlolwa okusetshenziselwa ukuxilonga isimila saseWilms yile:

• Ukuhlolwa komzimba: Phakathi nalokhu, udokotela uthinta isisu sengane ngokucophelela.
• Ukuhlolwa kwezithombe:
• Ukuskena kwe-ultrasound yesisu.
• I-CT scan - Lokhu kuvame ukwenziwa ngokujova uketshezi olukhethekile (umehluko).
• Udokotela angase futhi enze i-X-ray yesifuba noma i-CT scan ukuze abone ukuthi umdlavuza ususakazeke yini emaphashini.
• Lezi zivivinyo zezithombe zingasiza ekunqumeni ukuthi ingane yakho inesimila yini. Zingasiza futhi ekuhlukaniseni isimila saseWilms nolunye uhlobo lomdlavuza wezinso.
• Ukuhlolwa kwegazi nomchamo: Lokhu kufaka phakathi ukuhlolwa kokusebenza kwesibindi kanye nokuhlolwa kokujiya kwegazi.
• I-Biopsy: Lokhu kuhilela ukuthatha ingxenye encane yezicubu ezivela esimila bese uyithumela elabhorethri ukuze iyohlolwa.

Yini okudingeka uyazi mayelana nokuhlolwa kwesifo somdlavuza?

Kunezindlela ezimbili zokunquma isigaba sesimila saseWilms, okungukuthi, ukuthi umdlavuza ususakazeke kangakanani. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi "ukubeka izigaba." Uma inani liphezulu, umdlavuza ususakazeke kakhulu.

Odokotela emazweni aseYurophu basebenzisa uhlelo lwe-International Society of Paediatric Oncology (SIOP). Odokotela e-United States naseCanada basebenzisa uhlelo lwe-Children's Oncology Group (COG).

Umehluko owodwa phakathi kwalezi zindlela ezimbili ukuthi endleleni ye-COG, isigaba sesimila siyahlolwa ngemva kokuhlinzwa nangaphambi kokuba kunikezwe i-chemotherapy (imithi yokulwa nomdlavuza). Ngendlela ye-SIOP, ukuhlinzwa kwenziwa ngemva kwe-chemotherapy kanti isigaba sihlolwa kuphela ngemva kwalokho.

Izigaba ngaphansi kohlelo lwe-COG zihlukaniswe kanje:

• Isigaba I: Isimila sisezinso zengane kuphela futhi singasuswa ngokuphelele ngokuhlinzwa.
• Isigaba II: Isimila sikhulele ezinso, kodwa singasuswa ngokuphelele ngokuhlinzwa.
• Isigaba sesiThathu: Isimila asikwazi ukususwa ngokuphelele. Amaseli omdlavuza ahlala esiswini sengane (esiswini).
• Isigaba IV: Umdlavuza ususakazekele ngale kwesisu ne-pelvis yengane waya kwezinye izindawo, njengamaphaphu, isibindi, amathambo kanye nobuchopho.
• Isigaba V: Isimila sisezinso zombili (ezinhlangothi zombili). Kulesi sigaba, odokotela babheka isigaba sezinso zombili ngokwehlukana.

Ilashwa kanjani i-Wilms tumor?

Isimila sikaWilms sivame ukwelashwa ngokuhlanganiswa kokuhlinzwa kanye ne-chemotherapy. Ngezinye izikhathi ukwelashwa ngemisebe nakho kungasetshenziswa.

Izingane ezinezimila ezisengozini encane, lapho umdlavuza ungasakazekanga khona futhi isimila singasuswa ngokuphelele, zingase zikwazi ukuhlinzwa zodwa. Ngezinye izikhathi, i-chemotherapy inganikezwa ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa ukuze kuncishiswe isimila, okwenza ukuhlinzwa kuphephe.

Ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali kuvame ukunikezwa ngemithambo yegazi (IV). Lokhu kungenziwa esibhedlela noma esibhedlela.

Ingane yakho ingase ibe nemiphumela emibi evela ku-chemotherapy noma ekwelashweni ngemisebe. Uma lokhu kwenzeka, qiniseka ukuthi utshela udokotela wakho. Kunezinto ongazenza ukuze unciphise imiphumela emibi kanye nemithi ongayinika ingane yakho.

Ingabe isimila sikaWilms singavinjelwa?

Akukho lutho wena noma ingane yakho eningakwenza ukubangela noma ukuvimbela isimila saseWilms. Lokhu kuyinto engaphezu kwamandla ethu.

Kuyini ukubikezela kokuthola umuntu onesifo somdlavuza iWilms?

Isibikezelo se-Wilms' tumor ngokuvamile sihle ezimweni eziningi. Umphumela uvame ukuba muhle kakhulu, ikakhulukazi uma udokotela ekwazi ukususa ngokuphelele i-tumor futhi umdlavuza ungasakazekanga kwenye indawo emzimbeni. Kodwa-ke, kunethuba elincane lokuthi i-tumor kaWilms "izophinde ivele".

Ingabe isimila saseWilms singaba yingozi?

Nakuba isimila saseWilms singelashwa ngempumelelo ngokuhlanganiswa kokuhlinzwa, ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali, kanye/noma ukwelashwa ngemisebe,Lokhu kusengumdlavuza. Ngakho-ke, kungaba yingozi. Yingakho kubalulekile ukukubona kusenesikhathi bese uqala ukwelashwa.

Lingakanani izinga lokusinda kwe-tumor yaseWilms?

Cishe abantu abangu-90% abatholakale benesifo somdlavuza iWilms basaphila ngemva kweminyaka emihlanu. Leli zinga lingahluka kancane kuye ngezici ezifana nesigaba somdlavuza, ubukhulu besimila, nokuthi amangqamuzana omdlavuza abukeka kanjani ngaphansi kwesibonakhulu (histology). Nakuba kwakuthiwa izingane ezingaphansi kweminyaka engu-2 zinengozi encane yokuphinda zibuye, ubudala manje abusabalulekile kunangaphambili.

Kufanele ngimbone nini udokotela wami mayelana nesimila saseWilms?

Uma ingane yakho yelashwa isimila sikaWilms, bona udokotela wakho uma unemibuzo noma ukukhathazeka. Ikakhulukazi uma ubona izimpawu ezintsha noma uma kukhona okubonakala kuba kubi kakhulu, yazise ngokushesha.

Ngesikhathi sokwelashwa kwakho, ithimba lakho lezokwelapha lizokutshela ukuthi yini okufanele uyiqaphele, njengezimpawu zokutheleleka komgudu womchamo. Uma lokhu kwenzeka, kungadingeka uye egumbini lezimo eziphuthumayo.

Ingane kuzodingeka futhi iye kokuhlolwa njalo ukuze iqinisekise ukuthi iphilile. Udokotela angase futhi ayithumele kuchwepheshe wezinso (udokotela wezinzwa) noma kuchwepheshe wesistimu yomchamo (udokotela wezinzwa).

Ngingamsiza kanjani ingane yami ukuthi ihlale iphilile ngemva kokwelashwa kwe-Wilms tumor?

Kubalulekile ukuthi ingane yakho yenze lezi zinto:

• Phuza uketshezi olwanele ukusiza izinso zakho zisebenze kahle.
• Nciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwemithi efana ne-aspirin, i-ibuprofen, ne-naproxen. Khuluma nodokotela wengane yakho mayelana nokuthi yimiphi imikhiqizo okungenzeka ukuthi ayilimazi izinso zengane yakho.
• Hlola umfutho wegazi lakho njalo ngezikhathi ezithile.

Ingabe isimila saseWilms sibuhlungu?

Isimila sikaWilms singaba buhlungu ngezinye izikhathi, kodwa asibuhlungu ngaso sonke isikhathi.

Uyini umehluko phakathi kwe-Wilms' tumor (nephroblastoma) kanye ne-neuroblastoma?

Nakuba la magama amabili ezwakala efana, ayizinhlobo ezimbili zomdlavuza oqala ezinhlotsheni ezimbili ezahlukene zamaseli. I-Nephroblastoma umdlavuza wezinso. I-Neuroblastoma umdlavuza oqala emaseli ezinzwa. Ngokuvamile uqala ezindlaleni ze-adrenal, kodwa futhi ungangena ezinso. Zombili izinhlobo zomdlavuza zenzeka ezinganeni, futhi zombili zingavela njengeqhubu esiswini. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukuthola ukuxilongwa okunembile.

Uma ingane yakho itholakale inesimila saseWilms, udokotela wakho cishe uzoncoma ukuthi uxhumane nesikhungo sezokwelapha esikhethekile ekwelapheni umdlavuza wezingane. Nakuba isimila saseWilms singavamile, siyisifo esingelapheka. Ingane yakho ingafaneleka futhi ukubamba iqhaza esivivinyweni somtholampilo. Izingane eziningi ezinesimila saseWilms zibhaliswe kulolu hlelo. Intuthuko eminingi ekwelashweni kwesimila saseWilms iwumphumela walezi zivivinyo zomtholampilo.

Into ebaluleke kakhulu (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

Kulungile, ngakho-ke sesikhulume kakhulu ngesimila sikaWilms, akunjalo? Into eyinhloko okufanele uyikhumbule ukuthi uma ubona noma yikuphi ukuqubuka noma ukuvuvukala okungavamile esiswini sengane yakho, ungesabi futhi ubone udokotela ngokushesha.

• Isimila sikaWilms siwumdlavuza okhula ezinso zezingane ezincane.
• Nakuba imbangela eqondile yalokhu ingaziwa, kungase kube nethonya elithile lezakhi zofuzo.
• Uma kutholakale kusenesikhathi futhi kwelashwa kahle, amathuba okululama aphezulu kakhulu.
• Ukuhlinzwa, i-chemotherapy, futhi ngezinye izikhathi ukwelashwa ngemisebe yizona zindlela zokwelapha eziyinhloko.
• Ngisho nangemva kokwelashwa, kubaluleke kakhulu ukulandela imiyalelo kadokotela ngokucophelela bese uya kohlolwa ngezikhathi ezihleliwe.

Ungesabi. Isayensi yezokwelapha ithuthuke kakhulu namuhla. Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukunaka kwakho kanye nesinyathelo esisheshayo. Ngifisela ingane yakho ukululama okusheshayo!

Isimila sikaWilms , i-nephroblastoma, umdlavuza wobuntwana, umdlavuza wezinso, impilo yezingane, izimpawu zomdlavuza, ukwelashwa komdlavuza