Ingabe nawe une-allergy kulezi zinto? Ake sifunde kabanzi mayelana ne-allergy.

Ingabe ngezinye izikhathi uyalunywa ngaphandle kwesizathu? Ingabe uzizwa sengathi unomkhuhlane futhi ikhala lakho liyacinana? Kungaba ngenxa yento ongacabangi ngayo. Lokhu sikubiza ngokuthi 'ukungezwani komzimba'. Abantu abaningi abazi okuningi ngakho. Ngakho ake sixoxe ngakho ngokuningiliziwe namuhla, ngoba kuthinta abantu abaningi.

Kuyini ngempela lokhu kungezwani komzimba?

Kalula nje, ukungezwani komzimba kuyindlela engafuneki yokuzivikela komzimba wethu. Cabanga ngale ndlela: umzimba wethu unesimiso sokuzivikela, sisibiza ngokuthi isimiso sokuzivikela komzimba . Kufana nebutho elivikela izwe. Lolu hlelo lulwa namagciwane, amabhaktheriya, namagciwane avela ngaphandle futhi asivimbele ekuguleni. Kodwa ngezinye izikhathi, lapho izinto ezingeyona ingozi kithi - isibonelo, impova, uthuli, nokudla okuthile - zingena emzimbeni wethu, isimiso sethu sokuzivikela komzimba sicabanga ngephutha ukuthi lesi isitha esikhulu. Bese siqala ukulwa okungadingekile naso. Yingakho sikubiza ngokuthi ukungezwani komzimba. Lokhu kusabela yikho okusenza sibe nezimpawu ezahlukahlukene, njengokulunywa nokuthimula.

Yiziphi izifo ezivamile zokungezwani komzimba esingaba nazo?

Kunezinto eziningi esingaba nazo i-allergy, kodwa nansi ezimbalwa ezivame kakhulu:

• Ubuthi bezinyosi kanye nezinye izinambuzane: Abanye abantu bangaba ne-allergy enkulu ezinsweni ezivela ezilwaneni ezifana ne-wasps kanye ne-hornets.
• Izibungu zothuli: Lezi yizidalwa ezincane kakhulu ukuthi zingabonwa ngamehlo enyama. Zihlala othulini emakhaya ethu. Zivame kakhulu kumatrasi, emicamelweni nasemakhaphethini.
• Ukudla: Abanye abantu bane-allergy ekudleni okufana nobisi, amaqanda, amantongomane, isoya, inhlanzi, izimfanzi kanye nenkalankala.
• Imithi: Eminye imithi, njengemithi yokuqeda ubuhlungu kanye nemithi elwa namagciwane, ingabangela nokungezwani komzimba.
• Izikhunta: Izikhunta ezikhula ezindaweni ezimanzi, njengasezindongeni ezindala, zingabangela ukungezwani komzimba uma ziphefumulwa.
• Izilwane Ezifuywayo: Abanye abantu bane-allergy eboyeni, ematheni, kanye namangqamuzana esikhumba afile ezilwaneni ezinjengezinja namakati. Cabanga nje, ngemva kokuthinta ikati endlini yomngane wakho, uqala ukuthimula futhi amehlo akho aba bomvu. Lokho kusho ukuthi ungase ube ne-allergy e-cat dander.
• Ukusabela kwe-contact dermatitis: Amanye amakhemikhali, insipho, izinsimbi (njenge-nickel), kanye nezinye izitshalo kungabangela ukuqubuka lapho zithinta isikhumba .
• Impova: Lena imbangela eyinhloko yomkhuhlane kanye namehlo alumayo kubantu abaningi ngesikhathi sentwasahlobo.

Ziyini izimpawu zokungezwani komzimba?

Lezi zimpawu zingahluka kumuntu nomuntu, futhi zincike ekutheni yini onayo i-allergy. Bheka lolu hlu:

• Ukucasuka kwesikhumba, ukuqubuka, noma amaqhubu.
• Ukuluma.
• Ukuthimula, ikhala elicijile, ikhala eligobhozayo.
• Ubunzima bokuphefumula, njengokukhwehlela nokuphefumula kanzima.
• Amehlo alumayo, anamanzi.
• Ukuvuvukala kobuso, izindebe, ulimi, noma umphimbo.
• Ubunzima bokuphefumula, ubunzima bokugwinya.
• Ukuhlanza noma uhudo.
• Umfutho wegazi ophansi.

Manje, uma uthinta into ethile onayo i-allergy, ungase uthole ukuqubuka kwesikhumba kuphela. Kodwa uma uphefumula into efana ne-pollen noma i-dander yezilwane, cishe uzoba nekhala eligobhozayo nokuthimula. Ukungezwani nokudla, imithi, ubuthi be-wasp, nezinye izinto kungaba nzima kakhulu. Kungabangela ngisho nomphimbo wakho ukuthi uvuvuke futhi kwenze kube nzima ukuphefumula. Lokhu sikubiza ngokuthi "i-Anaphylaxis." Lokhu kuyisimo esiphuthumayo futhi sidinga ukwelashwa ngokushesha.

Lokhu kungezwani komzimba kuhlala isikhathi esingakanani?

Lezi zimpawu zivame ukuhlala isikhathi eside uma ubhekene ne-allergen. Ezinye izimpawu zokungezwani komzimba ziqala ngemizuzu embalwa. Ezinye zibonakala emahoreni noma ezinsukwini kamuva. Izimpawu zivame ukuphela emahoreni ambalwa ngemva kokuba ubhekane ne-allergen. Kodwa-ke, ezinye izimpawu zokungezwani komzimba zesikhumba, njenge-contact dermatitis, zingahlala amasonto.

Kungani sithola lezi zinto zokungezwani komzimba?

Amasosha ethu omzimba aphula amaprotheni ezintweni ezingenabungozi ezifana nempova, i-dander yezilwane, imithi ethile, nokudla okuthile okuyingozi, njengegciwane noma amagciwane. Khona-ke, lapho siphefumula lezi zinto, sizidla, noma sizithinta, umzimba wethu ucabanga ukuthi lokhu kuyinkinga enkulu futhi udinga ukuzisusa. Yilapho izimpawu okukhulunywe ngazo ekuqaleni zivela khona.

Into ebalulekile ukuthi ukungezwani komzimba ngokuvamile akwenzeki ngemva kokuchayeka kokuthile kanye nje. Uma sichayeka okokuqala, umzimba wethu uyakubona njengento yangaphandle futhi wenza amaprotheni akhethekile, abizwa ngokuthi ama-antibodies, ngokumelene nakho. Sibiza le nqubo ngokuthi "ukuzwela." Bese kuthi, uma into efanayo ingena emzimbeni futhi, lawo ma-antibodies enziwe asebenze futhi anikeze isimiso somzimba sokuzivikela, "Nansi isitha, hlasela." Yilapho izimpawu zokungezwani komzimba zivela khona.

Ubani osengozini enkulu yokuthola lokhu kungezwani komzimba?

Nakuba lokhu kungenzeka kunoma ubani, abanye abantu basengozini enkulu:

• Uma omunye wabazali bakho ene-allergies: Kukhona ithonya lezakhi zofuzo.
• Kulabo abanezimo ezifana ne-asthma noma i-eczema: Lezi zimo zihlobene. Lokhu kuvame ukubizwa ngokuthi i-atopy.

Odokotela bakuthola kanjani ukungezwani komzimba?

Uma unezimpawu zokungezwani komzimba, udokotela angakuqinisekisa lokho ngokwenza izivivinyo ezithile.

• Ukuhlolwa kwesikhumba:Okwenzayo ngalokhu ukuthi, ufaka inani elincane lento ocabanga ukuthi ungaba nayo esikhumbeni sakho, wenze i-incision encane kakhulu, bese uyijova ngayo. Uma indawo iba bomvu, ivuvukele, futhi ilume phakathi nemizuzu eyi-15-20, kusho ukuthi unesifo sokungezwani naso.
• Ukuhlolwa kwegazi: Lokhu kuhlola ukuthi unama-antibodies athile (i-IgE) egazini lakho enziwe ngokumelene nezinto ezithile ezibangela ukungezwani komzimba.

Udokotela uzokubuza ngezimpawu zakho nezinto obhekene nazo (isibonelo, umsebenzi wakho, izinto ozithandayo, njll.) ukuze anqume ukuthi yiziphi izivivinyo okudingeka uzihlole.

Ngezinye izikhathi, kuye ngokuthi ucabanga ukuthi unayo yini i-allergy, ungase unikezwe ukuhlolwa kokuphefumula, ukuhlolwa kwezidakamizwa noma ukudla, noma ukuhlolwa kwe-patch. Ukuhlolwa kwe-patch kubheka ukusabela okubambezelekile esikhumbeni okwenzeka ngemva kwezinsuku ezimbalwa.

Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha i-allergies?

Into yokuqala nengcono kakhulu ukuhlala kude nezinto ozizwa une-allergy kuzo ngangokunokwenzeka. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu uma i-allergy yakho inkulu ngokwanele ukubangela i-anaphylaxis.

Kodwa-ke, kunzima ukugwema ngokuphelele izinto ezifana nothuli nempova ezitholakala yonke indawo. Ezimweni ezinjalo, udokotela wakho angase ancome ukuthi uphuze imithi ethile nsuku zonke noma wenze ukwelashwa okuthile njalo. Lokhu kungasiza ekunciphiseni izimpawu zakho noma kunciphise ingozi yokusabela okubi kakhulu.

Kuye ngokuthi i-allergies yakho ibangelwa yini, okulandelayo kunganconywa:

• Ama-Antihistamine: Izibonelo zifaka phakathi imithi efana ne-Fexofenadine (Allegra®), i-Loratadine (Claritin®), kanye ne-Cetirizine (Zyrtec®). Lokhu kusebenza ngokuvimbela ikhemikhali ebizwa ngokuthi i-histamine, ekhishwa ngesikhathi sokusabela kokungezwani komzimba.
• Izifutho zekhala ze-steroid: Izibonelo zifaka phakathi i-Flonase® ne-Nasacort®. Lokhu kunciphisa ukuvuvukala, ukuminyana, kanye nekhala eligobhozayo.
• Izilungisi ze-Leukotriene: Imithi efana ne-Montelukast ingasiza futhi ekulawuleni izimpawu zokungezwani komzimba, ikakhulukazi kubantu abane-asthma.
• Imijovo ye-Omalizumab (Xolair®): Lokhu kusetshenziselwa ukungezwani kokudla okuthile kanye nama-hives angapheli.
• Ukwelashwa nge-allergy immunotherapy: Lokhu kuhilela ukufaka kancane kancane inani elincane kakhulu le-allergen emzimbeni wakho ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, okuvumela umzimba wakho ukuthi uzivumelanise nakho. Lokhu kungenziwa njengomjovo (imijovo ye-Allergy), njengephilisi elibekwa ngaphansi kolimi (i-Sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT)), noma njengokwelashwa ngomlomo (i-Oral immunotherapy (OIT)). Lokhu ukwelashwa kwesikhathi eside okwenziwa ngaphansi kokuqondisa kukachwepheshe.

Uma une-allergy engabangela ukusabela okubi kakhulu kwe-allergy, udokotela wakho uzokutshela ukuthi uhlale uphethe i-epinephrine auto-injector (njenge-EpiPen® noma i-Auvi-Q®). Kufanele uyisebenzise lapho kuqala ukusabela okubi kakhulu kwe-allergy.

Kufanele ngimbone nini udokotela noma ngiye nini egumbini lezimo eziphuthumayo?

Uma unezimpawu zokungezwani komzimba futhi ufuna ukwazi imbangela eqondile, bona udokotela. Umhlinzeki wakho wokunakekelwa okuyinhloko angakudlulisela kuchwepheshe, njengodokotela wezifo zokungezwani komzimba noma udokotela wesikhumba, ukuze uthole ukuhlolwa okwengeziwe.

Kodwa uma uhlangabezana nanoma yiziphi zalezi zimpawu, kufanele uye esibhedlela ngokushesha, noma ushayele u-1990:

• Ukuvuvukala okusheshayo kobuso, izindebe, ulimi, noma umphimbo.
• Ubunzima bokuphefumula, ukuphelelwa umoya, ukuqina kwesifuba.
• Amaqhubu asakazeka ngokushesha emzimbeni wonke.
• Ukuba ndikindiki kwezandla, izinyawo, izindebe.
• Umuzwa wobuthakathaka, isiyezi, ukuquleka.
• Umuzwa wokwesaba okukhulu, umuzwa wenhlekelele ezayo.

Yini engingayilindela uma nginesifo sokungezwani komzimba?

Uhlobo lokungezwani komzimba onalo luzonquma ukuthi yini okuzodingeka ubhekane nayo. Ukungezwani komzimba kwesizini, njengokungezwani komzimba nempova kanye nokungezwani komzimba nezilwane ezifuywayo, kuvame ukucasula kodwa akusona isifo esisongela impilo. Kodwa-ke, ukungezwani komzimba nezinto ezifana nokudla, imithi kanye nobuthi benyosi kungaba nzima kakhulu. Uma unesinye salezi zinto zokungezwani komzimba, kufanele uhlale uphethe i-epinephrine injector.

Yini engingayenza ukuze ngithole impumuzo uma nginezimpawu zokungezwani komzimba?

Ngisho nangesikhathi sokwelashwa, uma izimpawu zokungezwani komzimba zikhathaza ngezinye izikhathi, ungathola impumuzo ngalezi zinto:

• Ama-decongestant omlomo (njengoba kuqondiswe udokotela) noma ama-saline rinse angasetshenziswa ukunciphisa ukuminyana kwamakhala kanye nekhala eligobhozayo.
• Ukuze unciphise ukulunywa nokubomvu kwamehlo, wagcobe ngendwangu ehlanzekile ecwiliswe emanzini eqhwa noma usebenzise amaconsi amehlo (njengoba kuqondiswe udokotela) ukuze uthole ukungezwani komzimba.
• Geza bese ugqoka izingubo ezintsha (ikakhulukazi uma uphuma ngaphandle) ukuze ususe noma yiziphi izinto ezibangela ukungezwani komzimba ezingase zibe khona emzimbeni wakho.
• Sebenzisa ama-lotion angenawo ama-allergen noma angenaphunga ukuze unciphise ukulunywa kwesikhumba kanye nokuqubuka.

Ingabe ukungezwani komzimba kungavinjelwa?

Ayikho indlela yokuvimbela ukungezwani komzimba kwasekuqaleni. Kodwa uma usuvele unesifo sokungezwani komzimba, nazi ezinye izinto ongazenza ukuze uvimbele ukusabela:

• Yeka ukuthinta noma ukukhotha izilwane ozizwa ungezwani nazo. Shintsha izingubo ngemva kokuphatha izilwane ezinjalo. (Ungazivumeli zingene ekamelweni lakho lokulala, embhedeni wakho, noma ezihlalweni zakho. Ungazithinti amathoyizi azo.)
• Hlanza amakhaphethi nama-rug njalo ukuze ususe izinto ezibangela ukungezwani komzimba njengothuli, i-dander yezilwane ezifuywayo, kanye ne-pollen. Sula uthuli ngendwangu emanzi.
• Kungaba kuhle uma ungasebenzisa "izihlungi zomoya ze-high-efficiency particulate air (HEPA)" ukuze ususe izinto ezibangela ukungezwani komzimba emoyeni.
• Gcina amafasitela endlu yakho evaliwe ngesikhathi sesikhathi sezimbali.
• Shintsha izihlungi ohlelweni lwe-HVAC lwekhaya lakho njalo.

Uma une-allergy yokudla, funda amalebula okudla ngokucophelela. Gcina ukudla okungena-allergy kukho kuphela ekhaya lakho. Yidla kuphela ezindaweni oqinisekile ukuthi ungakudla ngaphandle kwezinkinga. Qiniseka ukuthi wazisa udokotela wakho nge-allergy yakho lapho udla ngaphandle.

Ingabe ukungezwani komzimba kuyashintsha ngokuhamba kweminyaka?

Yebo, ukungezwani komzimba kungashintsha ngokuhamba kweminyaka. Kuya ngokuthi ubhekene ne-allergen engakanani, izinguquko ohlelweni lwakho lokuzivikela komzimba, nezinye izici.

Ngezinye izikhathi, ukungezwani komzimba okukhona kungaba kubi kakhulu. Noma, ukungezwani komzimba okuphelile kungase kubuye. Ngezinye izikhathi, ukungezwani komzimba okukhona kungaba ngcono ngokuhamba kwesikhathi - isibonelo, uma ungezwani namakati, ukungezwani komzimba kwakho kungancipha uma uchitha isikhathi esiningi eduze kwawo (lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi "ukubekezelelana", kodwa lokhu akwenzeki kuwo wonke umuntu). Futhi, abanye abantu bangaba nokungezwani komzimba okusha njengoba bekhula.

Ekugcineni, kufanele ngikutshele lokhu...

Ukungezwani komzimba kuyingxenye yokuphila kwansuku zonke kwezigidi zabantu emhlabeni jikelele. Kwabanye, kuvamile ukuba nekhala eligobhozayo nokuthimula njalo entwasahlobo. Kwabanye, kunzima ukugcina isikhumba sabo singasondeli enjeni ethandekayo eseduze. Ukungezwani kokudla nezidakamizwa kubi kakhulu - okusho ukuthi udinga ukufunda amalebula okudla ngokucophelela futhi uqaphele ngemithi emisha.

Kodwa khumbula, kunezinto eziningi ongazenza ukulawula ukungezwani komzimba kwakho. Uma unemibuzo noma ukukhathazeka ngalokhu, ungangabazi ukukhuluma nodokotela wakho. Ngaleyo ndlela, ungazi kahle ukuthi yini engcono kakhulu kuwe.

Ngiyethemba ukuthi lolu lwazi luwusizo kuwe. Hlala uphilile!

Ukungezwani komzimba , izimpawu, ukwelashwa, izifo zesikhumba, ubunzima bokuphefumula, amasosha omzimba, (i-Anaphylaxis)