Wake waphawula iqhubu elincane elingenabuhlungu emhlathini wakho, ikakhulukazi ngaphakathi emlonyeni wakho? Noma wake waqaphela udokotela wamazinyo ngengozi into engavamile ngenkathi ehlola amazinyo akho futhi wakhuluma ngayo? Ngezinye izikhathi asizinaki kakhulu lezi zinto, kodwa kubalulekile ukuziqaphela. Namuhla sizokhuluma ngesimila esingavamile kodwa esibalulekile esakheka emhlathini. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi i-ameloblastoma.

Kuyini i-ameloblastoma? Ake siqonde kahle?

Kalula nje, i-ameloblastoma iyisimila esikhula ethanjeni lakho lomhlathi, ngokuvamile kancane kancane. Sikhula ngamaseli afanayo enza isembozo sokuvikela phezu kwamazinyo akho, esibizwa ngokuthi i-tooth enamel. Akumangazi yini lokho? Cishe u-80% walezi zimila zikhula emhlathini ongezansi, lapho kukhona khona amazinyo akho amakhulu angemuva (ama-molars).

Manje ungase ucabange, "Uma uthi isimila, ingabe sisho umdlavuza?" Empeleni, i-ameloblastoma ivame ukubizwa ngokuthi isimila esingenabungozi. Lokho kusho ukuthi akuyona umdlavuza. Kodwa-ke, kukhona okuncane okufanele ukuqonde lapha. Uma sithi "isimila esingenabungozi", sivame ukucabanga ukuthi "akunangozi, akukho okufanele sikhathazeke ngakho." Kodwa nge-ameloblastoma, akunjalo. Nakuba lezi zimila zingewona umdlavuza, zingakhula kancane kancane futhi zishintshe ukuma komhlathi wakho futhi zilimaze amazinyo akho. Futhi, ngezinye izikhathi zingakhula futhi (ziphinde zibuye) ngisho nangemva kokwelashwa.

Ngakho-ke, noma ngabe lokhu akuyona umdlavuza, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuwuxilonga kusenesikhathi, uthole ukwelashwa okufanele , futhi uqashwe ngokucophelela ngemva kokwelashwa. Kungaleso sikhathi kuphela lapho umonakalo emhlathini ungavinjelwa khona.

Ingabe kunezinhlobo ezahlukene ze-ameloblastoma?

Yebo, odokotela babheka lezi zimila ngaphansi kwe-microscope bese bezihlukanisa ngokwendlela amangqamuzana abukeka ngayo. Uma uqala ukuwabuka, la maseli abukeka njengezinyosi noma izinhlayiya ezincane, ezifana nensipho. Kunezinhlobo eziningana eziyinhloko:

• I-ameloblastoma evamile: Lolu uhlobo oluvame kakhulu. Luhlanganisa cishe u-85% wazo zonke i-ameloblastoma. Lukhula ngokushesha kancane kunezinye izinhlobo futhi luvame ukusabalala lusuka ethanjeni lomhlathi luye ezicutshini zomlomo ezizungezile .
• I-ameloblastoma engavamile: Lolu hlobo alunawo amathuba amaningi okusabalala ngale kwethambo lomhlathi kunohlobo oluvamile.
• I-ameloblastoma engaphandle (engavamile): Abacwaningi bacabanga ukuthi lokhu kuvame ukusabalala kusuka ezinsinini noma ezicutshini zomlomo kuya emhlathini. Kukhula kancane kunezinye izinhlobo ezimbili.

Nakuba kungavamile kakhulu, ezinye izimila ze-ameloblastoma ziyatholakala.Kungaba futhi nomdlavuza (okuyingozi). Kunezinhlobo ezimbili:

• I-Metastasizing ameloblastoma: Lezi zimila zibukeka njengezimila 'ezingembi' ngaphansi kwe-microscope. Kodwa empeleni 'ziwumdlavuza we-metastatic'. Udokotela angathola kuphela ukuthi 'ziyi-metastatic' ngemva kokuba umdlavuza ususakazekele kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba, njengamaphaphu, ubuchopho, noma isikhumba.
• I-Ameloblastic carcinoma: Lesi simila singaqala njengomdlavuza kusukela ekuqaleni. Noma, singaqala njenge-ameloblastoma engeyinhle bese siba umdlavuza.

Sivame kangakanani lesi simo esibizwa ngokuthi i-ameloblastoma?

I-Ameloblastoma ingenye yezimila ezivame kakhulu zomhlathi, kodwa ngokuvamile ayivamile. Izifundo zibonise ukuthi cishe umuntu oyedwa kwabayisigidi utholakala enalesi sifo minyaka yonke. Kulabo, cishe u-2% kuphela one-malignant ameloblastoma.

Nakuba lesi simo singakhula kunoma yimuphi ubudala, sivame kakhulu kubantu abaneminyaka ephakathi kuka-30 no-60. Kuthiwa futhi lesi sifo sivame ukutholakala emazweni ase-Afrika nase-Asia.

Ziyini izimpawu ze-Ameloblastoma?

Ngenxa yokuthi lezi zimila zikhula kancane, ungase ungabi nazimpawu iminyaka eyi-10 kuya kwengama-20. Wena noma udokotela wakho ningase ningakuboni kuze kube yilapho isimila sikhula futhi sihlasela izicubu ezizungezile lapho ningase nibone khona izinguquko esimweni sobuso bakho kanye nomhlathi noma izinkinga ngamazinyo akho.

Lezi ezinye zezimpawu ezivamile:

• Ukuvuvukala okungenabuhlungu endaweni yomhlathi. Lokhu kuvame ukuthinta uhlangothi olulodwa lobuso.
• Kufana nesimila esisha esicindezelwa ngaphakathi esihlathini, njenge-peanut noma ibhola elincane.
• Amabala apinki noma abomvu emazinyweni, noma amazinyo aphuka kalula.
• Ubunzima bokushukumisa umhlathi.
• Izinsini ziba bomvu futhi zivuvuke.
• Amazinyo angahlangani kahle (i-malocclusion).
• Ukugaya amazinyo.

Kungani i-ameloblastoma ikhula? Ziyini izimbangela?

Lezi zimila zikhula ngoba amangqamuzana enza i-enamel yezinyo lakho (abizwa ngokuthi ama-ameloblast) aqhubeka nokukhula ngemva kokuba i-enamel yezinyo lakho yakheke. Ochwepheshe abakakazi kahle ukuthi kungani lokhu kwenzeka.

Kodwa-ke, izifundo zakamuva zithole ukuthi abantu abaningi abane-ameloblastoma banezakhi zofuzo ezivamile ezihlobene nezinkinga zokuhlukaniswa kwamaseli futhi zisize isimila sikhule.Ikakhulukazi, izinguquko ezakhiweni zezakhi zofuzo `BRAF` kanye `SMO` zivame ukuhlotshaniswa ne-ameloblastoma.

Ochwepheshe okwamanje bacwaninga ngalezi zinguquko zofuzo ukuze bathole izindlela zokwelapha eziqondiwe ezizohlasela futhi zibhubhise ngqo amangqamuzana anenkinga.

Odokotela baxilonga kanjani i-ameloblastoma?

Uma uya kudokotela wamazinyo ukuze uhlolwe njalo, ama-X-ray angabonisa izimpawu ze-ameloblastoma. Uma kunjalo, udokotela wamazinyo wakho uzokudlulisela kuchwepheshe ukuze uthole ezinye izivivinyo. Lezi zivivinyo zingafaka:

• Ukuhlolwa kwezithombe: Ezinye izivivinyo, njenge-X-ray, i-MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging - MRI), kanye ne-CT scan, zingenziwa ukuze kubonwe kahle ukuthi isimila sikuphi nokuthi sikhulu kangakanani. Lezi zivivinyo zingasiza nodokotela wakho ukuthi akhiphe ezinye izinhlobo zezimila ezifana ne-ameloblastoma. Uma sinomdlavuza, i-Positron Emission Tomography (PET scan) ingenziwa ukuze kubonwe ukuthi sisakazekele kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba.
• I-Biopsy: I-biopsy ivumela udokotela wakho ukuthi athathe ingxenye encane yesicubu esivele esigaxeni bese esihlolwa ngaphansi kwe-microscope ngudokotela wezifo. Uhlobo lwamaseli luzosiza udokotela wakho ukuthi anqume ukuthi hlobo luni lwe-ameloblastoma futhi anqume ukwelashwa okungcono kakhulu.

Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha i-Ameloblastoma?

Ukwelashwa okungcono kakhulu kwe-ameloblastoma ukuhlinzwa ukuze kususwe isimila kanye nezinye izicubu ezizungezile (ukuze kungabikho amangqamuzana angavamile asele). Odokotela bahlukanisa ukuhlinzwa kwalezi zimila zibe izinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko:

• Ukuhlinzwa Okukhulu: Lokhu kuyindlela enkulu yokuhlinzwa kubantu abane-ameloblastoma. Lapha, udokotela ususa inani elikhulu lomhlathi kanye nezicubu ezizungezile kanye nesimila. Lokhu kwenzelwa ukunciphisa ingozi yokubuya kwesimila. Kungase futhi kususe ingxenye noma wonke umhlathi ongezansi (i-mandibulectomy) noma ingxenye noma wonke umhlathi ongaphezulu (i-maxillectomy).
• Ukuhlinzwa Okulondolozayo: Lapha, udokotela ususa isimila kanye nenani elincane lezicubu namathambo aphilile. Lokhu kuhlinzwa okuncane kungenziwa uma isimila sakho sincane futhi sinethuba elincane lokusabalala emathanjeni nasezicutshini ezizungezile.

Uma ungeyena umuntu ofanele ukuhlinzwa, udokotela wakho angase akuncome ukwelashwa ngemisebe ukuze kubhujiswe isimila. Noma, angase akuncome ukwelashwa ngemisebe ukuze kubhujiswe noma yimaphi amangqamuzana esimila asele ngemva kokuhlinzwa. Lokhu kwelashwa kusebenzisa ama-X-ray anamandla amakhulu ukuze kubhujiswe amangqamuzana.

Ukwelashwa okwengeziwe okungadingeka ngemva kokuhlinzwa

Ukuhlinzwa okukhulu kwe-ameloblastoma kungathatha isikhathi eside ukuphulukiswa, ngokuvamile izinyanga eziningana. Ngemva kwalokho, ungadinga ukwelashwa okwengeziwe ukuze ubuyele esimweni esijwayelekile. Isibonelo:

• Ukuhlinzwa Okwakha Kabusha: Uzosebenzisana nodokotela ohlinzayo ukuze ubuyisele ukubukeka kobuso bakho nomhlathi wakho. Lokhu kuhlinzwa kuhilela ukuthatha ithambo kwenye ingxenye yomzimba wakho (njengesinqe sakho noma ihlombe) bese uvuselela indawo yomhlathi.
• Ukufakelwa kwamazinyo: Lawa amazinyo okwenziwa (ama-prosthetics) athatha indawo yamazinyo akhishwe ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa. Lawa angakusiza ukuthi uphinde uthole ikhono lokuhlafuna kahle futhi ubuyisele ukuzethemba kwakho ngokubukeka komlomo wakho.
• Ukwelashwa Kwenkulumo: Udokotela wezifo zolimi lokukhuluma angakusiza ukuthi uvumelane nezinguquko emhlathini wakho nasebusweni ukuze ukwazi ukuhlafuna, ukugwinya, nokukhuluma kahle.
• Iseluleko Sokudla Okunempilo: Uchwepheshe wezokudla angakusiza ukhethe ukudla okunempilo okulula ukukuhlafuna nokukugwinya ngesikhathi sokululama kwakho.

Ingabe ingozi yokuthola i-ameloblastoma ingancishiswa?

Ayikho indlela yokuvimbela lokhu. Kodwa-ke, ukubona udokotela wamazinyo okungenani kanye njalo ezinyangeni eziyisithupha ukuze ahlolwe amazinyo futhi ahlolwe umdlavuza womlomo kungasiza ekutholeni lokhu kukhula kusenesikhathi. Ukwelashwa kusenesikhathi kungasiza ekuvimbeleni i-ameloblastoma ukuthi ingonakalisi umhlathi wakho kanye nezicubu zobuso.

Uma nginalesi simo, yini okufanele ngiyilindele?

Ukubikezela kwakho kuncike empilweni yakho, uhlobo lwe-ameloblastoma, indawo ekuyo, kanye nohlobo lokuhlinzwa okwenziwe ukuze kususwe isimila.

Abantu abaningi abelashwe nge-ameloblastoma bazodinga ukubhekwa impilo yabo yonke ukuze kubonakale ukuthi isimila sizobuya yini. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi cishe abantu abangu-20% bazophinde babe nesimila ngemva kokuhlinzwa. Ngaphezu kwengxenye yesikhathi, isimila sizobuya phakathi neminyaka emihlanu yokuqala ngemva kokuhlinzwa.

Ngakho-ke, buza udokotela wakho ukuthi kufanele uhlolwe kangaki ukuze ubone ukuthi isimila siyakhula yini.

Kwenzekani uma i-ameloblastoma ishiywe ingelashwa?

Uma ingelashwa, i-ameloblastoma ingalimaza izingxenye ezibalulekile zobuso bakho kanye nomhlathi, futhi ngezinye izikhathi ingabulala. Uma ingalashwa, la mathumba angalimaza ubuso bakho, enze kube nzima ukuhlafuna nokugwinya. Uma ekhula kakhulu, angangena ezicutshini zobuchopho bakho kanye nesistimu yezinzwa ephakathi, futhi avimbe izindlela zakho zokuphefumula.

Ngakho-ke, ukwelashwa kwe-ameloblastoma kungavimbela lezi zimo ezimbi kakhulu ukuthi zenzeke.

Kufanele ngimbone nini udokotela wami?

Kufanele wazi kahle ukuthi udinga ukuza kangaki ukuze uhlolwe ukuthi uphinda ubuye yini ngemva kokwelashwa. Ngeshwa, ama-ameloblastoma amaningi angaphinde abuye eminyakeni eminingi ngemva kokuhlinzwa. Uma ephinda, udokotela wakho angancoma ukwelashwa okusha ukuvimbela ukulimala okwengeziwe emhlathini nasebusweni bakho.

Kufanele ngiye nini egumbini lezimo eziphuthumayo?

Udokotela wakho uzokutshela ukuthi yini okufanele uyilindele njengoba ululama ngemva kokuhlinzwa. Kodwa-ke, kufanele uye ekamelweni lezimo eziphuthumayo ngokushesha uma unezinye zalezi ezilandelayo:

• Uma unomkhuhlane ongaphezu kwama-Fahrenheit angu-101 (38.3 Celsius).
• Uma ubuhlungu bungapheli ngisho nangemva kokuthatha imithi yobuhlungu enqunywe udokotela.
• Uma kukhona ubomvu noma ukuvuvukala okwengeziwe kwesilonda kunalokho obekulindele.
• Uma unenkinga yokuphefumula noma uzizwa sengathi uyacinana.

Yimiphi imibuzo okufanele ngiyibuze udokotela wami?

I-Ameloblastoma yisimo esibucayi sezokwelapha esidinga ukuhlinzwa okukhulu. Nansi eminye imibuzo ongayibuza njengoba wena nodokotela wakho nixoxa ngokwelashwa:

• Hlobo luni lokuhlinzwa okudingeka ngilwenze?
• Kungani uncoma lokho kuhlinzwa?
• Ingabe kuzodingeka ezinye izindlela zokwelapha ngaphandle kokuhlinzwa ukuze kususwe ngokuphelele isimila?
• Ingabe ngizodinga ukuhlinzwa kwepulasitiki noma ukwelashwa kokukhuluma?
• Yiziphi izinkinga noma imiphumela emibi engaba khona?
• Liyini ithuba lokuthi le ameloblastoma izophinde ivele?

Umyalezo Wokugcina Wokuya Nasekhaya

Uma sizwa igama elithi `elibi`, sicabanga ukuthi ``akunangozi``. Kodwa nge-ameloblastoma, akulula kangako. Uma ingelashwa, la mathumba angalimaza umhlathi wakho nezingxenye zobuso. Kodwa, khumbula, kunezindlela zokwelapha ezingalawula lokhu kukhula. Buza udokotela wakho ngohlobo lokuhlinzwa aluncomayo ngokusekelwe ohlotsheni lwesimila kanye nempilo yakho. Udokotela wakho ungumuntu ongcono kakhulu wokukuchazela ukuthi yikuphi ukwelashwa okungcono kakhulu ukususa isimila nokugcina izicubu eziningi ezinempilo emhlathini wakho ngangokunokwenzeka. Ngakho-ke, ungesabi ukumbuza imibuzo, bese uthola konke kuchazwe. Hlala uphilile!

I- Ameloblastoma, izimila zomhlathi, umdlavuza womlomo, i-enamel yamazinyo, ukuhlinzwa komhlathi, impilo yomlomo, izimpawu zomdlavuza