Ingabe ngezinye izikhathi uzizwa sengathi ukhipha igazi emchameni wakho? Noma ingabe uzwa ukushisa noma ubuhlungu lapho uchama? Uma uya kudokotela ngenxa yento efana nale, kungenzeka ukuthi ukucele ukuthi wenze ukuhlolwa okubizwa ngokuthi "Urine Cytology." Abanye abantu bayesaba kancane lapho bezwa leli gama, ngoba bazibuza ukuthi hlobo luni lokuhlolwa nokuthi imiphumela izoba yini. Kodwa asikho isizathu sokwesaba. Empeleni kulula kakhulu. Namuhla, ake sixoxe ngokuthi luyini lolu vivinyo lwe-Urine Cytology, ukuthi lwenziwani, nokuthi yini esingayifunda kulo.
Kuyini i-Urine Cytology ngamagama alula?
Kulungile, ake siqale sibheke incazelo yaleli gama. I-Cytology isifundo samaseli emzimbeni wethu. Ngokuqondile, isifundo sokuma, usayizi, kanye nomehluko kumaseli ngokuwabuka ngaphansi kwe-microscope. I-Urine Cytology isifundo samaseli kusampula yomchamo wakho ngale ndlela.
Lokhu kuhlolwa kwenziwa udokotela ogxile kwi-cytology . Sibabiza ngokuthi odokotela be-cytopathologists. Babheka amangqamuzana asesampula yomchamo wakho ngaphansi kwe-microscope ukuze babone ukuthi kukhona yini ukukhubazeka, amangqamuzana omdlavuza, noma amangqamuzana angaba umdlavuza.
Kalula nje, kufana nomseshi ofuna "amangqamuzana amabi" acashe phakathi kwamangqamuzana kusampula yomchamo wakho.
Yini engatholwa yilolu vivinyo?
Inhloso eyinhloko yalolu vivinyo ukuthola umdlavuza womgudu womchamo kusenesikhathi. Odokotela basebenzisa lolu vivinyo ikakhulukazi uma besola izinhlobo ezilandelayo zomdlavuza:
- Umdlavuza wesinye: Lolu uhlobo lomdlavuza oluvame ukutholakala.
- Umdlavuza we-ureter: Umdlavuza wamapayipi amancane athwala umchamo usuka ezinso uye kwesinye.
- Umdlavuza we-urethra: Umdlavuza wepayipi elithwala umchamo usuka kwesinyeni uye ngaphandle komzimba.
- Umdlavuza wezinso: Ezinye izinhlobo zomdlavuza wezinso nazo zingatholakala ngalolu vivinyo.
Ngaphezu kokuthola lezi zinhlanzana, lokhu kuhlola kungathola nezifo ezithile ezibangelwa amagciwane, njenge-cytomegalovirus.
Ingabe i-Urine Cytology kanye ne-Urinalysis ziyafana?
Cha. Yilapho abantu abaningi bedideka khona. I-Urine Cytology kanye ne-Urinalysis (lokho esivame ukukubiza ngokuthi 'umbiko womchamo') kuyizilingo ezimbili ezihlukene. Nakuba zombili zisebenzisa isampula yomchamo wakho, izinhloso zazo zihlukile ngokuphelele.
Ake sibheke leli thebula ukuze siqonde ngokucacile umehluko phakathi kwalokhu okubili.
| Iphuzu | Ukuhlolwa kwe-Urine Cytology | Ukuhlolwa komchamo (ukuhlolwa komchamo ojwayelekile) |
|---|---|---|
| Inhloso eyinhloko | Ukuhlonza ngokunembile amangqamuzana omdlavuza noma amangqamuzana angajwayelekile kusampula yomchamo. | Ukuhlola isimo somchamo jikelele. Isibonelo, ukuthola izinkomba mayelana nokutheleleka (i-UTI), isifo sezinso, isifo sikashukela, njll. |
| Uhlola ini? | Izinto ezifana nesimo, usayizi, kanye ne-nucleus yamaseli zihlolwa ngokujulile ngaphansi kwe-microscope. | Umbala womchamo, ukucaca, ushukela (i-glucose), iphrotheni, amaseli egazi, kanye namaseli obomvu kuyahlolwa. |
| Ngubani owenza lokho? | Udokotela ogxile kwi-cytology (Cytopathologist). | Ngokuvamile kwenziwa yisazi sezobuchwepheshe belebhu. |
| Ukwenza nini? | Kuphela uma kukhona ukusola okuthile ngomdlavuza. | Ngokuvamile kwenziwa njengokuhlolwa kwempilo okuvamile noma uma kunezimpawu. |
Uyawuqonda umehluko manje? Ukuhlolwa komchamo ukuhlolwa okuvamile. I-Urine Cytology ukuhlolwa okukhethekile okubheka okuthile okujulile nokuqondile.
Kungani udokotela angakucela ukuthi wenze lolu vivinyo?
Kungase kube nezizathu eziningana zokuthi kungani udokotela wakho engase ancome ukuhlolwa kwe-urine cytology.
- Igazi emchameni (i-Hematuria): Lena imbangela eyinhloko. Uma kukhona igazi emchameni, lokhu kuhlolwa kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthola imbangela.
- Ubuhlungu noma ukusha ngesikhathi sokuchama: Uma kukhona ubuhlungu noma ukusha okuqhubekayo.
- Ukutheleleka okuvamile komgudu womchamo (UTIs): Ngezinye izikhathi, hlola ukuze ubone ukuthi kukhona yini esinye isizathu sokutheleleka okuvamile komgudu womchamo.
- Ukulandelela ngemva kokwelashwa komdlavuza: Uma uke waba nomdlavuza wesinye ngaphambilini futhi wathola ukwelashwa, lokhu kuhlolwa kusetshenziselwa ukubona ukuthi umdlavuza ubuyile yini.
Kodwa khumbula into eyodwa. Ukuthi nje lokhu kuhlolwa akutholi amangqamuzana omdlavuza akusho ukuthi awunawo umdlavuza ngokuphelele. Ngakho-ke, odokotela batusa ukwenza ezinye izivivinyo eziningana (isib. i-cystoscopy, i-CT scan) kanye nalokhu kuhlolwa.
Ngilungiselela kanjani ukuhlolwa futhi nginikeze isampula?
Lena inqubo elula kakhulu, kodwa kunezinto ezimbalwa ezibalulekile okufanele uzilungise.
Into ebaluleke kakhulu okufanele uyazi ngaphambi kokuhlolwa!
Lena into ebaluleke kakhulu. Unganikezi isampula yakho yokuqala yomchamo ekuseni ukuze uhlolwe. Isizathu ukuthi amangqamuzana asemchameni abelokhu ehleli esinyeni sakho ubusuku bonke angaqhekeka futhi aqhekeke. Lokhu kungenza kube nzima ngodokotela oselebhu ukuhlonza amangqamuzana. Ngakho-ke, kungcono ukunikeza isampula yomchamo owukhiphayo into yokuqala ekuseni bese unikeza isampula yomchamo owukhiphayo okwesibili noma okwesithathu kosuku.
Indlela yokunikeza isampula (indlela ye-Clean Catch)
Ilebhu izokunikeza ibhodlela elikhethekile (isitsha esingenamagciwane) salokhu. Cishe izokunikeza nesisombululo sokuhlanza kanye nama-wipes. Landela lezi zinyathelo ngaphambi kokunikeza isampula.
1. Geza izandla zakho kahle ngensipho: Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu.
2. Hlanza indawo yangasese: Hlanza indawo yangasese kahle ngama-wipes anikezwe yilebhu noma ngamanzi ahlanzekile. Lokhu kwenzelwa ukuvimbela amagciwane avela esikhumbeni sangaphandle ukuthi angangeni kusampula.
3. Qala ukuchama: Okokuqala, thela umchamo endlini yangasese.
4. Qoqa isampula: Bese, ngaphandle kokuma ukuze uchame, bamba ibhodlela elinikezwe yilebhu emgudwini womchamo bese uqoqa inani elidingekayo (ngokuvamile cishe ingxenye yebhodlela).
5. Thulula okusele: Khipha ibhodlela bese uthela okusele komchamo endlini yangasese.
6. Vala ibhodlela ngokuqinile bese ulinika: Vala ibhodlela ngokuqinile, ungathinti ingaphakathi, bese ulinika elebhu ngokushesha okukhulu.
Kwezinye izimo, uma isiguli singakwazi ukunikeza isampula ngokwaso noma ngezinye izizathu, udokotela kungadingeka afake i-catheter , ipayipi elincane elifakwe ku-urethra, ukuze athathe isampula esinyeni. Futhi, i-CystoscopyIsampula efana nale ingathathwa ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kwesinye ngekhamera.
Kwenzekani ngesampula yomchamo wakho elabhorethri?
Ngemva kokunikeza isampula, izinyathelo eziningana zenzeka elabhorethri.
- Ukulungiselela isampula: Okokuqala, isampula yakho yomchamo ifakwa emshinini obizwa ngokuthi i-centrifuge . Lokhu kujikelezisa isampula yomchamo ngesivinini esikhulu, ngendlela umshini wokuwasha ojikelezisa ngayo izingubo ukuze ususe amanzi, uhlukanise amaseli koketshezi.
- Ukufaka amabala kanye nokufaka amabala kuslayidi yengilazi: Amaseli ahlukanisiwe abe esesakazwa kuslayidi yengilazi (islayidi ye-microscope) bese efakwa amabala kusetshenziswa udayi okhethekile (amabala). Lokhu kufaka amabala kuvumela izingxenye ezahlukene zamaseli ukuthi zibonakale ngokucacile uma zibukwa ngaphansi kwe-microscope.
- Ukuhlolwa kwe-Microscopic: Yilapho i-Cytopathologist iqala khona umsebenzi wayo. Ubeka lesi silayidi esilungisiwe ngaphansi kwe-microscope bese ehlola ngokucophelela amangqamuzana ngalinye ngalinye. Unaka ngokukhethekile ukuthi ngabe kukhona yini amangqamuzana ahlukile kwamangqamuzana avamile, anezimo ezingavamile, noma ane-nuclei enkulu.
- Ukulungiselela umbiko: Ngemva kwalokhu kuhlolwa, udokotela uzolungisa umbiko ngokusekelwe kulokho akubonile bese ewuthumela kudokotela okwelaphayo.
Yiziphi izinto ezisembikweni futhi zisho ukuthini?
Kungase kube namagama ahlukahlukene embikweni wakho. Ungakhathazeki uma uwabona. Udokotela wakho uzokuchazela wonke. Kodwa ake sibheke izinto ezingabonakala embikweni kanye nezincazelo zazo ezilula.
| Okungashiwo embikweni | Incazelo elula |
|---|---|
| Isampula engagculisi | Kusho ukuthi bekunganele amaseli kusampula ukuze kuhlolwe. Ezimweni ezinjalo, kungadingeka unikeze esinye isampula. |
| Okubi kakhulu nge-urothelial carcinoma yezinga eliphezulu | Lezi yizindaba ezinhle. Awekho amangqamuzana omdlavuza noma amangqamuzana angavamile asolisayo atholakale kusampula. |
| Amaseli e-urothelial angavamile | Kunamaseli athile angajwayelekile kusampula, kodwa awakashintshi ngokwanele ukuba abe amaseli omdlavuza ngokuqinisekile. Lokhu kungaba ngenxa yento efana nokutheleleka. |
| Kusolisa nge-urothelial carcinoma yezinga eliphezulu | Amaseli angajwayelekile atholakala kusampula anethuba eliphezulu lokuba amaseli omdlavuza. |
| Kuhle kakhulu ku-urothelial carcinoma yezinga eliphezulu | Kusho ukuthi amangqamuzana omdlavuza atholakale ngempela kusampula. |
Into ebaluleke kakhulu: Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi umbiko we-Urine Cytology uthini, wona wodwa awuthathi isinqumo sokugcina mayelana nokuthi ukhona yini umdlavuza noma cha. Ikakhulukazi uma umphumela 'uyi-Atypical' noma 'uyi-Sospicious', udokotela wakho nakanjani uzokwenza ezinye izivivinyo ezifana ne-Cystoscopy noma i-CT scan ukuqinisekisa isimo. Ngakho-ke, ungesabi ngemva kokubona umbiko.
Inembile kangakanani i-urine cytology test?
Ukunemba kwalokhu kuhlolwa kuncike ohlotsheni lomdlavuza olutholakalayo.
- Izimila zezinga eliphezulu: Lezi izinhlobo zomdlavuza ezikhula ngokushesha futhi ezinolaka. I-cytology yomchamo inembile cishe ngo-95% ekutholeni lezi.
- Izimila ezisezingeni eliphansi: Lezi izinhlobo zomdlavuza ezikhula kancane, ezingabi nolaka kakhulu. Lokhu kuhlolwa akusebenzi kahle ekutholeni lezi. Ukunemba kwazo kungasukela ku-10% kuya ku-50%. Lokhu kusho ukuthi noma ngabe umdlavuza onjalo ukhona, kungenzeka ukuthi ungatholakali embikweni (ongamanga-ongeyinhle).
Yingakho odokotela bengathembeli ekuhlolweni okukodwa nje.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- I-Urine Cytology akuyona ukuhlolwa komchamo okuvamile (ukuhlolwa komchamo). Kuwukuhlolwa okukhethekile okubheka amangqamuzana omdlavuza noma amangqamuzana angajwayelekile emchameni.
- Uma unikeza isampula yalolu vivinyo, unganikezi isampula yokuqala yomchamo oyitholile ekuseni.
- Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi umphumela wokuhlolwa uyini, akuyona inkinga yokugcina. Udokotela wakho cishe uzoyala ukuhlolwa okwengeziwe ukuze akuqinisekise.
- Lokhu kuhlolwa kusebenza kahle kakhulu ekutholeni umdlavuza okhula ngokushesha (osezingeni eliphezulu).
- Uma unemibuzo mayelana nombiko wokuhlolwa noma izinyathelo ezilandelayo, ungesabi ukubuza udokotela wakho. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukukhuluma naye ngokukhululekile.
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