Uyawubona umehluko endleleni obona ngayo izinto? Ake sifunde ngokuhlolwa kwe-Amsler Grid!

Wake wezwa nge-Amsler Grid? Udokotela wakho wamehlo kungenzeka ukuthi ukutshelile ngayo. Kuyindlela elula kakhulu, kodwa ebaluleke kakhulu. Kuyasiza ekutholeni ngokushesha izinguquko ekuboneni ezibangelwa izifo ezithile, ikakhulukazi ku-retina yamehlo ethu.

Iyini i-Amsler Grid?

Kulungile, ake sibone ukuthi iyini le Amsler Grid. Kalula nje, iyirula eliyisikwele eliphrintwe ecezwini elincane lekhadibhodi. Iyirula elinobude obungamasentimitha ayi-10 kanye nobubanzi obungamasentimitha ayi-10, uma kukhulunywa ngqo. Inezikwele ezincane ezingama-20 ohlangothini olulodwa, ngakho lokho kusho ukuthi kunezikwele eziningi ezincane kuyo yonke igridi. Phakathi kwale rula eliyisikwele, kunechashazi elincane elimakwe ukuthi ugxile kulo. Abanye abantu balibiza nangokuthi 'ishadi lamehlo le-Amsler.'

Inhloso eyinhloko yalolu vivinyo lwegridi lwe-Amsler ukuhlonza ukuthi ngabe kukhona yini ushintsho embonweni wakho, njengombono ophambene (obizwa ngokuthi i-metamorphopsia ngokwezokwelapha), ngenxa yesifo esihlobene ne -macula . Kukusiza futhi ukuthi ubonise udokotela wakho wamehlo ukuthi lokhu kuphazamiseka kutholakala kuphi embonweni wakho. Udokotela angabe eseqonda ukuthi inkinga ikuphi ku-macula yakho.

Odokotela bavame ukuncoma ukuthi abantu abanezifo ezithile ze-retina basebenzise le gridi ye-Amsler ekhaya nsuku zonke . Ngoba uma wenza lokho, ungasheshe ubone ngisho nezinguquko ezincane embonweni wakho. Uma ukuhlonza kusenesikhathi, ngezinye izikhathi unganciphisa ingozi yokulahlekelwa umbono unomphela.

Kuziphi izimo lapho kusetshenziswa khona ukuhlolwa kwe-Amsler Grid?

Manje ungase ucabange, 'Kulungile, lokhu kungabona izinguquko embonweni. Kodwa kusetshenziselwani ngempela?' Eqinisweni, igridi ye-Amsler isetshenziselwa ukuthola nokuqapha noma yisiphi isimo esingaphambukisa ubuso be-macula. Nazi izibonelo ezimbalwa:

• Ukonakala kwe-Macular : Lokhu kubalulekile kokubili ezinhlotsheni ezomile nezimanzi zalesi sifo.
• I-Central Serous Retinopathy .
• I-Neovascularization yisimo lapho kwakheka khona imithambo yegazi emisha kwezinye izingxenye zeso.
• Amabala amnyama embonweni (ama-Scotomas) .
• I-Macular Pucker/Epiretinal Membrane .
• I-Cystoid Macular Edema .
• Ukuvuvukala kwe-macular okuhlobene nesifo sikashukela .
• Izimila Zendlala Yepituitary : Lokhu ngezinye izikhathi kungabangela ukuthi ulahlekelwe umbono ohlangothini lwesobunxele lweso lakho lesobunxele kanye nohlangothi lweso lakho lesokudla. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi "Bilateral Hemianopia``.
• Umonakalo we-macula obangelwe yingozi.
• Ezinye izifo ze-retina noma izimbangela ezihlobene ne-retina ezingabangela ukulahlekelwa umbono ngokuzumayo.

Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuqaphela lezi zimpawu kusenesikhathi, futhi lokhu kuhlolwa okulula kuwusizo olukhulu kulokho.

Akukhona lokho kuphela, uma ulungiselela ukuhlinzwa kwe-cataract, kunezikhathi lapho odokotela bamehlo basebenzisa khona le gridi ye-Amsler ukuhlola noma yiziphi izinkinga nge-macula yakho kusengaphambili.

Uhlola kanjani amehlo akho nge-Amsler Grid?

Kulungile, manje ake sibone ukuthi singayisebenzisa kanjani le gridi ye-Amsler ngqo. Kulula kakhulu.

Okokuqala, udinga ukubamba igridi ye-Amsler phambi kwakho kude, ngokuvamile ubungayifunda incwadi noma iphephandaba, elingamasentimitha angu-30 kuya kwangu-38 ubude. Okubaluleke kakhulu, uma ugqoka izibuko noma amalensi okuxhumana, qiniseka ukuthi zigqokwe kahle phakathi nalolu vivinyo.

Okulandelayo, kufanele uhlole ngeso elilodwa ngesikhathi. Ngesikhathi ubheka ngeso elilodwa, mboza elinye iso ngesandla sakho. Manje, ngeso olihlolayo, bheka eduze (gxila) echashazini elincane elisenkabeni yegridi. Khumbula ukugcina igridi ibanga elifanayo isikhathi ngasinye.

Ngesikhathi ubheke lelo chashazi eliphakathi nendawo – ngaphandle kokuhambisa amehlo akho emuva naphambili – hlola ngokucophelela ukuthi konke okulandelayo kulungile:

• Uyawabona kahle wonke amakhona amane egridi?
• Uyayibona yonke imigqa kugridi? Ingabe yonke iqondile ngokuphelele? (Ayidwetshwanga, ayigobile, noma ayiphukile).
• Ingabe ubona izindawo ezimnyama noma ezingenalutho noma kuphi kugridi?
• Ingabe yonke imigqa ekugridi ibonakala icacile futhi ifana (ayiphukile noma ifiphele)?

Uma uya emtholampilo wamehlo, udokotela wakho wamehlo angase ahlole umbono wakho ngale gridi ye-Amsler. Uma usengozini yezifo ze-retina, udokotela wakho angakunikeza negridi ye-Amsler ephrintiwe ongayisebenzisa ekhaya.

Okubalulekile: Uma udokotela wakho ekunika igridi ye-Amsler ongayisebenzisa ekhaya, kufanele uyisebenzise njengoba kuqondiswe (ngokuvamile nsuku zonke). Uma ubona noma yiziphi izinto ezine ezishiwo ngenhla zishintsha ngenkathi wenza izivivinyo zakho zasekhaya, xhumana nodokotela wakho wamehlo ngokushesha.

Zikhona yini ezinye izinhlobo ze-Amsler Grid?

Ukuhlolwa kwegridi ye-Amsler kwasungulwa ngudokotela wamehlo waseSwitzerland uMarc Amsler. Uchaze izinhlobo eziyisikhombisa ezahlukene zalolu vivinyo lwegridi. Kodwa-ke, uma sivame ukukhuluma 'ngegridi ye-Amsler', sisho uhlobo lokuqala (Ishadi 1).

Singafunda okuncane ngalezo zinhlobo eziyisikhombisa?

• Uhlobo 1 (Ishadi 1):Lolu uhlobo oluyinhloko nolusetshenziswa kakhulu. Lunemigqa emnyama ngemuva okumhlophe. Njengoba kunezikwele ezingu-20 ohlangothini olulodwa, isikwele ngasinye sinobubanzi obungamasentimitha angu-0.5. Phakathi nendawo kukhona indilinga encane ongagxila kuyo.
• Uhlobo 2 (Ishadi 2): Lokhu kufana nokuqala, kodwa ngaphezu kwalokho, imigqa eqondile idwetshwa kusukela emakhoneni amane kuya echashazini eliphakathi. Lokhu kuwusizo kubantu abanamabala amnyama (ama-Scotomas) maphakathi nombono wabo, kodwa abasebenzisa igridi ukuqapha izinguquko embonweni.
• Uhlobo 3 (Ishadi 3): Lolu lunesakhiwo esifanayo nesokuqala, kodwa lunemigqa ebomvu ngemuva emnyama. Lokhu kusiza ukuhlonza ukuphambuka okungabonakali kanye nomehluko ohlobene nombala.
• Ishadi 4: Esikhundleni segridi, lokhu kunamachashazi amhlophe ahlakazeke ngokungahleliwe ngemuva elimnyama ngaphakathi kwegridi engu-10x10 cm. Ukusebenzisa amachashazi esikhundleni semigqa kwenza kube lula kumbukeli ukuhlukanisa phakathi kokuphazamiseka kokubona namachashazi amnyama (ama-scotoma).
• Uhlobo 5 (Ishadi 5): Lokhu kunemigqa evundlile kuphela. Imigqomo imhlophe ngemuva okumnyama. Imigqomo evundlile kuphela isezinhlangothini zangaphandle kwesobunxele nakwesokudla zebhokisi.
• Ishadi 6: Lokhu kufana neShadi 5, kodwa kunemigqa emnyama ngemuva okumhlophe. Futhi, umugqa ovundlile ophakathi, kanye nemigqa emibili engaphezulu nangaphansi kwawo, kudonswa eduze kakhulu kuneminye imigqa kugridi. Njengoba imigqa idonswa eduze, ungabona ukuphambuka okuncane kakhulu kanye nomehluko.
• Ishadi 7: Lokhu kunemigqa emhlophe ngemuva emnyama. Kufana neyokuqala, kodwa izikwele esigabeni esimaphakathi esingu-5x5 cm cishe zilingana nengxenye yobukhulu bezikwele ezingxenyeni zangaphandle zegridi. Lezi zikwele ezincane, njengemigqa edwetshwe ngohlobo lwesithupha, zisiza ekuboneni umehluko omncane noma ukuhlanekezela.

Cabanga nje, ngayinye yalezi zinhlobo iklanyelwe ukukusiza ukuthi ubone izidingo ezahlukene kanye nomehluko omncane emehlweni akho.

Ibukeka kanjani i-Amsler Grid uma une-macular degeneration?

Manje ake sibone ukuthi umuntu onesifo esifana nokuwohloka kwe-macular angabukeka kanjani uma ebheka le gridi ye-Amsler. Ngokuvamile, uzobona into efana nale:

• Imigqa esegridini ingase ibonakale inwebekile noma imibimbi, njengemigqa eseqabungeni elimanzi ngamanzi.
• Ezinye izindawo zegridi zingase zibonakale zifiphele noma zimnyama kunezinye.
• Ezinye izingxenye zegridi zingase zingenalutho, okusho ukuthi kungase kube nezindawo ezingenalutho lapho kungekho lutho olubonakalayo.

Uma ubona noma yiziphi izinguquko ezinjengalezi uma ubheka i-grid yakho ye-Amsler, ungakuzibi. Kusho ukuthi kungase kube nenkinga nge-macula yakho. Ngakho-ke, uma ubona into efana nale, kufanele ubonane nodokotela wamehlo ngokushesha.

Ucabangani ngohlelo lokusebenza lwe-Amsler Grid efonini yakho?

Kungenzeka ukuthi ubonile ukuthi kunezinhlelo zokusebenza ze-Amsler Grid ezitholakala kuma-smartphone namathebulethi kulezi zinsuku. Ungase ucabange, 'O... lokhu kulula, ngingakwenza kahle efonini yami.'

Uma ufuna ukusebenzisa uhlelo lokusebenza olunjalo, khuluma nodokotela wakho wamehlo kuqala. Angakutshela ukuthi lolu hlelo lokusebenza lufanele izidingo zakho noma cha.

Kodwa khumbula into eyodwa: Uhlelo lokusebenza lwe-smartphone alulokothi luthathe indawo yokwelashwa. Uma unemibuzo, hlala uthintana nodokotela wamehlo oqeqeshiwe noqeqeshiwe. Kuyindlela ephephile kakhulu.

Ngamafuphi (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

Kulungile, ake sifingqe ezinye zezinto okudingeka uzikhumbule kulokho esikhulume ngakho.

Igridi ye-Amsler iyindlela esheshayo, elula, futhi engahlaseli yokuhlola izinguquko noma ukuphazamiseka embonweni wakho, ikakhulukazi embonweni wakho ophakathi. Uma udokotela wakho wamehlo ekutshela ukuthi usebenzise igridi ye-Amsler ephrintiwe ekhaya nsuku zonke, qiniseka ukuthi uyayenza.

Ukusebenzisa igridi ye-Amsler njengoba kunconyiwe ngale ndlela kungasiza ekuboneni izinguquko ku-retina ezibangelwa izifo ezifana nokuwohloka kwe-macular esigabeni sokuqala kakhulu. Uma lezi zinguquko zingatholakala kusenesikhathi, kuzosiza kakhulu ekuvikeleni umbono wakho, kuvimbele umonakalo owengeziwe, futhi kukuvumele ukuthi uqhubeke nokusebenza ngokuzethemba emehlweni akho.

Ngakho-ke, amehlo akho ayigugu kakhulu. Wanakekele. Uma ubona ngisho noshintsho oluncane, ungalibali ukufuna iseluleko sezokwelapha.

I- Amsler Grid, Ukuhlolwa Kwamehlo, Umbono, I-Retina, I-Macula, Ukonakala Kwe-Macular, I-Metamorphopsia