Ingabe lokhu kuyenzeka nakuwe emehlweni? Ake sifunde nge-Angle-Closure Glaucoma!

Wake wazibuza ukuthi hlobo luni lwezinkinga olungavela uma ingcindezi emehlweni akho ikhuphuka? Kungenzeka ukuthi uke wabhekana nezinto ezifana nobuhlungu bamehlo obungazelelwe kanye nokungaboni kahle. Namuhla sizokhuluma ngesifo samehlo esidinga ukunakekelwa okuncane, kodwa esingalawulwa uma unolwazi olufanele. Leso yi-angle-closure glaucoma, noma `(Angle-Closure Glaucoma)`.

Iyini i-Angle-Closure Glaucoma?

Kalula nje, i-glaucoma evalekile nge-angle ingenye yezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko ze-glaucoma. I-Glaucoma yisimo lapho ingcindezi engaphakathi kweso lakho, eyaziwa ngokwezokwelapha ngokuthi i-Intraocular Pressure (IOP) , ikhuphuka ngaphezu kwamazinga ajwayelekile.

Cabanga nje, ngaphakathi kwamehlo ethu kukhona uketshezi olukhethekile olubizwa ngokuthi i-Aqueous Humor . Lolu ketshezi lukhiqizwa njalo ngaphakathi kweso, kanti uketshezi oludala lukhishwa esweni. Lokhu kwenzeka ngesistimu efana nomsele omncane. Manje, kwenzekani uma ngesizathu esithile indlela lolu ketshezi okufanele luphume ngayo ivinjiwe? Yilapho ingcindezi ngaphakathi kweso ikhula khona.

Ku-glaucoma evala nge-angle, ingxenye enombala yeso lakho, i-iris, iyavuvukala noma iqhume phambili, ivimbe i-engeli yokukhipha amanzi. Lokhu kungenzeka ngokuzumayo noma ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Abanye abantu babiza lokhu ngokuthi i-closed-angle glaucoma.

Ingabe kunezinhlobo ezahlukene ze-glaucoma evala nge-angle?

Yebo, kunezinhlobo eziningana eziyinhloko zalokhu futhi. Ake sibone ukuthi ziyini.

1. I-Glaucoma Eyinhloko Yokuvalwa Kwe-Angle

Kunezindlela ezintathu zokwenza lokhu:

• I-Acute Angle-Closure Glaucoma: Lesi yisimo esiphuthumayo sezokwelapha esibucayi kakhulu. Ngoba kwenzeka ngokuzumayo, uma kungelashwa kahle , kungaholela ngokushesha ekulahlekelweni umbono unomphela. Izimpawu zifaka phakathi ubuhlungu obukhulu bamehlo, umbono ofiphele, ukubona izindandatho ezinemibala (ama-halo) lapho ubheka ukukhanya, isicanucanu, ukuhlanza, kanye nokubomvu kweso. Lesi yisimo esibi kakhulu. Cabanga nje, uNilanthi Akka wabuya emsebenzini ngolunye usuku futhi ngokuzumayo wezwa ubuhlungu obukhulu kwelinye lamehlo akhe, ebona izindandatho ezinemibala lapho ebheka ukukhanya , futhi ezwa sengathi ikhanda lakhe lizoqhuma. Kwakungenxa yokuthi waya esibhedlela ngokushesha kuphela lapho umbono wakhe wasinda khona.
• I-Glaucoma Evala Nge-Angle: Yilapho indlela yoketshezi ivuleka futhi ivaleka ngezinye izikhathi. Abanye abantu bangase babe nezimpawu ezifikayo nezidlulayo.
• I-Glaucoma Engapheli Yokuvalwa Kwe-Angle:Lokhu kungase kungabangela zimpawu ekuqaleni. Kodwa-ke, izimpawu zingase zivele kancane kancane ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Kamuva, lokhu kungaba nzima, noma ingcindezi esweni inganda kancane kancane futhi yonakalise inzwa yakho yokubona .

2. I-Glaucoma Yesibili Yokuvalwa Kwe-Angle

Lolu hlobo lwenzeka kwesinye isimo sezokwelapha. Isibonelo:

• Isifo sikashukela esingalawulwa kahle (i-Diabetes Mellitus): Lokhu kungaholela ezimweni ezifana ne-Proliferative Diabetes-Related Retinopathy.
• Izimo ezifana nokuthi "i-Ischemic Central Vein Occlusion" ngenxa yomfutho wegazi ophakeme ongalawulwa kahle noma ezinye izifo zemithambo yegazi.
• I-Uveitis (ukuvuvukala kwengaphakathi leso).
• Ama-membranes kanye nezibazi ezibangelwa ukulimala kwamehlo noma izimo zokuvuvukala.

Sivame kangakanani lesi sifo?

Ngokwezibalo, cishe umuntu oyedwa kwabayi-1,000 uzoba ne-angle-closure glaucoma. Le ngozi iphezulu kakhulu uma usuneminyaka engu-40 .

Ngokusho kokunye ukulinganisela, abantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-17 abaneminyaka engaphezu kwengu-40 emhlabeni wonke bane-primary angle-closure glaucoma. Inani elikhulu lalaba bantu, cishe abayizigidi ezingu-12, bahlala emazweni ase-Asia. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukuqaphela lokhu emazweni afana nelethu.

Ziyini izimpawu ze-glaucoma evalekile nge-angle?

Njengoba sesixoxile ngaphambili, i-glaucoma evalekile nge-angle-closure ingabangela izimpawu ezifana nalezi:

• Ubuhlungu obukhulu bamehlo (ngezinye izikhathi abubekezeleleki).
• Ukubomvu kwamehlo.
• Ukulahlekelwa noma ukufiphala kombono.
• Ukubona izindandatho ezinombala wothingo zizungeze ukukhanya (amaHalos).
• Ikhanda elibuhlungu (ngezinye izikhathi ohlangothini olufanayo lweso).
• Isicanucanu nokuhlanza.

Uma izimpawu ezinjengalezi zivela ngokuzumayo, kubaluleke kakhulu ukukuphatha njengesimo esiphuthumayo nokufuna iseluleko sezokwelapha ngokushesha okukhulu!

I-glaucoma engapheli nengavimbi kakhulu ingase ingabi imbangela yezimpawu ngaso sonke isikhathi, kodwa ngezinye izikhathi ungase ubone izinto ezifana nalezi:

• Ukubomvu kwamehlo.
• Umbono ofiphele.
• Ukungakhululeki kwamehlo (njengobuhlungu, ukusinda).
• Ikhanda elibuhlungu noma ubuhlungu endaweni yamashiya.

Kungani kwenzeka i-glaucoma evala i-angle?

Lokhu kwenzeka ngoba, njengoba sishilo ngaphambili, uketshezi olungaphakathi kweso olubizwa ngokuthi ``Aqueous Humor`` alukwazi ukungena noma ukuphuma kahle. Umzimba wethu uhlala ukhiqiza uketshezi olusha ukuze luthathe indawo yoketshezi oludala.

Uma uketshezi oludala lungakwazi ukuphuma esweni, luyanqwabelana ngaphakathi kweso futhi lwandise ingcindezi. Lokhu kucindezela okwandayo yikona okubangela umonakalo emsipheni we-optic, umsiphe oyinhloko oxhumanisa amehlo ethu nobuchopho.

Kungaba nezizathu eziningi zokuthi i-glaucoma ikhule. Kodwa ku-glaucoma evala i-angle, isizathu esiyinhloko ukuthi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ilensi yemvelo engaphakathi kweso lethu iyaqina kancane, iyisunduzele phambili futhi ivimbe indlela yoketshezi olugeleza nge-iris.

Ingabe lokhu kuyinto ezuzwe njengefa?

Ucwaningo lukhombisile ukuthi i-glaucoma yokuvalwa kwe-angle ihlotshaniswa nomlando womndeni nokuthi izakhi zofuzo ezithile nazo zidlala indima kukho . Lokhu kusho ukuthi uma othile emndenini wakho enalesi simo, nawe usengozini enkulu yokuba naso. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukutshela udokotela wakho ngomlando womndeni wakho.

Yiziphi izici eziyingozi zokuthuthukisa i-glaucoma evala i-angle?

Kunezici eziningana eziyinhloko ezibangela lesi simo:

• Ubudala: Ingozi iyanda njengoba ukhula, njengoba ingcindezi yangaphakathi kweso (i-IOP) inganda futhi kungenzeka izinguquko esweni.
• Ubulili: Abesifazane basengozini enkulu yokuthola lesi simo.
• Uhlanga: Abantu bozalo lwase-Asia (njengathi) basengozini enkulu.

Yiziphi izinkinga ezingaba khona ngenxa yalokhu?

Njengezinye izinhlobo ze-glaucoma, i-angle-closure glaucoma ingalimaza i-optic nerve yakho futhi iholele ekulahlekelweni umbono unomphela. Yingakho kubaluleke kakhulu ukuyixilonga nokuyilapha kusenesikhathi.

Lesi sifo sitholakala kanjani?

Uma uya kudokotela, uzoqala akubuze ngezimpawu zakho, umlando wakho wezokwelapha, nokuthi ngabe kukhona yini emndenini wakho oke waba nezifo ezifanayo.

Udokotela wakho wamehlo uzokwenza ukuhlolwa kwamehlo okuphelele .

Yiziphi izivivinyo zokuxilonga?

Udokotela usebenzisa izivivinyo ezinjengalezi ukuxilonga i-glaucoma evalekile nge-angle:

• I-Gonioscopy: Lokhu kungahlola i-engeli yokukhipha amanzi esweni lakho.
• Ukuhlolwa Kwesibani Esinezimbobo: Lena imakroskopu ekhethekile evumela udokotela ukuthi abone ingaphakathi leso lakho.
• Ukuhlolwa okukala ingcindezi yangaphakathi kweso (i-IOP).
• Ukuhlolwa Kwensimu Ebonakalayo: Lokhu kuhlola umbono wakho ongaphandle.
• Ukuhlolwa kwezithombe: Isibonelo, ukuhlolwa okufana ne-Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) noma i-Ultrasound.

Uma udokotela wakho ecabanga ukuthi une-angle-closure glaucoma, uzogwema ukusebenzisa imithi ekhulisa inhlamvu yeso lakho, njengoba le mithi ingenza ukuphuma koketshezi kube kubi kakhulu.

Ilashwa kanjani i-glaucoma evala i-angle?

Uma ngikhuluma iqiniso, i-glaucoma evalekile nge-angleAkunakwelashwa ngokuphelele, kodwa kunezindlela zokwelapha zokukulawula nokunciphisa umonakalo ekuboneni.

Ukwelashwa kwe-glaucoma evalekile nge-angle

Lesi simo sidinga ukwelashwa ngokushesha ukuze kuvinjelwe ukulahlekelwa umbono. Udokotela wakho angase asikisele ukwelashwa okufana nalokhu:

• Imithi: Lokhu kungafaka amaconsi amehlo (njengeTimolol, Pilocarpine, kanye neBrimonidine) kanye namaphilisi omlomo njenge-Acetazolamide.
• I-Laser Iridotomy: Lena inqubo esebenzisa i-laser beam. Lapha, kwenziwa imbobo encane ku-iris yakho ukuze uketshezi lugeleze ngokukhululeka. Uma une-glaucoma evalekile esweni elilodwa, udokotela wakho uvame ukwenza le-laser iridotomy kuwo womabili amehlo. Ngaphandle kwalokho, kunengozi yokuthi elinye iso lakho lizophinde libe nalesi simo.

Ukwelashwa kwe-glaucoma engavali kahle

Udokotela uvame ukusikisela i-iridotomy nge-laser ezimweni ezincane ze-glaucoma evalekile nge-angle.

Udokotela angase futhi aphakamise ukuhlinzwa kokususwa kwe-cataract , njengoba kungalibazisa ukuqhubeka kwe-glaucoma engapheli yokuvala i-angle.

Izinkinga noma imiphumela emibi yokwelashwa

Ngemva kokwelashwa nge-laser, ungase ube nombono ofiphele kanye nokuzwela kokukhanya izinsuku ezimbalwa. Ungase futhi ubone umugqa wokukhanya ovela endaweni yokwelashwa nge-laser. Ngokuvamile uzocelwa ukuba ushayele nothile ngemuva kwalokhu kwelashwa. Kodwa-ke, ungaqhubeka nemisebenzi yakho evamile ngosuku olulandelayo.

Yini engingayilindela uma ngine-angle-closure glaucoma?

Uma welapha i-glaucoma evala i-angle ngendlela efanele, isimo sakho kufanele sithuthuke. Uma kuyi-glaucoma evala i-angle ngendlela ebukhali, ukwelashwa okusheshayo kubalulekile ukuze ulondoloze umbono wakho.

Kubalulekile ukuhlolwa amehlo akho njalo, njengoba udokotela wakho encoma.

Ingabe i-glaucoma evalekile nge-angle ingavinjelwa?

Cha, i-glaucoma yokuvalwa kwe-angle ayikwazi ukuvinjelwa ngokuphelele. Kodwa-ke, ukuhlolwa kwamehlo okuvamile ngudokotela wamehlo kungakusiza ukuthi ubone ukuthi usengozini yini. Uma usengozini, udokotela wakho angakweluleka ngokuthi yimiphi imithi okufanele uyigweme nokuthi yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha okufanele uzithathe. Futhi, uma unesifo sikashukela, kubalulekile ukulawula amazinga kashukela egazini lakho.

Kufanele ngimbone nini udokotela wami?

Uma ubona noma yiziphi izinguquko ekuboneni kwakho, qiniseka ukuthi ubona udokotela wamehlo. Futhi, hamba uyohlolwa ngokwesheduli ayikuyalela yona.

Kufanele ngiye nini egumbini lezimo eziphuthumayo?

Kufanele ufune usizo lwezokwelapha oluphuthumayo kulezi zimo. Lokhu kungafaka phakathi ukushayela udokotela wakho wamehlo noma ukuya ekamelweni lezimo eziphuthumayo:

• Uma izimpawu ziqala ngokuzumayo (isib., ukulahlekelwa umbono).
• Uma uzwa ubuhlungu obukhulu emehlweni.
• Uma kuvela izimpawu eziningana ndawonye (isib. ukubomvu kwamehlo, isicanucanu, kanye nobuhlungu bamehlo).
• Uma kukhona ukulimala kweso.
• Uma kuvela izimpawu ngemva kwanoma yiluphi uhlobo lokuhlinzwa kwamehlo.

Yimiphi imibuzo okufanele ngiyibuze udokotela wami noma udokotela wamehlo?

Ungabuza ithimba lakho lezokwelapha imibuzo efana nale:

• Uhlobo luni lwe-glaucoma enginalo?
• Yikuphi ukwelashwa okuncomayo?
• Ingabe uhlobo lwe-glaucoma enginalo luyifa?
• Iyini imiphumela emibi yokwelashwa?
• Isimo sami sizoba njani esikhathini esifushane neside?
• Ingabe kukhona imisebenzi okufanele ngiyigweme?
• Kufanele ngibeke izikhathi ezingakanani zokuhlangana nabantu?
• Ingabe ngiyafaneleka ukubamba iqhaza esivivinyweni somtholampilo?
• Uyazi ukuthi kukhona amaqembu okusekelana engingawajoyina?

Kuyasiza ukubhala phansi amaphuzu abalulekile ngesikhathi sokuqokwa kwakho. Kungumqondo omuhle futhi ukuletha ilungu lomndeni noma umngane ukuze akusize ubuze imibuzo futhi ukhumbule izimpendulo.

Okokugcina, izinto okufanele uzikhumbule (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

I-Glaucoma iyisifo esivamile, futhi kunezinhlobo eziningi zaso. I-glaucoma yokuvala i-angle ingenye yalezo zinhlobo. Uma uthola i-glaucoma evalekile i-angle, kufanele iphathwe njengesimo esiphuthumayo sezokwelapha.

Uma uzwa izimpawu ezifana nobuhlungu bamehlo, ikhanda elibuhlungu, ukubomvu, kanye nesicanucanu, shayela udokotela wakho noma uye egumbini lezimo eziphuthumayo ngokushesha. Ungadinga usizo oluphuthumayo lwezokwelapha ukuze ulondoloze umbono wakho. Ezinye izinhlobo ze-glaucoma evalekile nazo zidinga ukwelashwa. Njenganoma yisiphi isimo, ukutholakala kusenesikhathi kanye nokwelashwa kuyindlela engcono kakhulu yokuyelapha. Ungesabi, ukuqaphela kungamandla amakhulu kakhulu!

I-Angle -Closure Glaucoma, I-Glaucoma, Ukucindezeleka Kwamehlo, I-Optic Nerve, Ukulahlekelwa Ukubona, Ubuhlungu Bamehlo, Ukwelashwa Nge-Laser