Uma udokotela wakho ekutshelile ukuthi unesifo sezinso esingamahlalakhona (CKD), ungase umangale umuzwa oqhubekayo wokukhathala okukhulu, ubuhlungu obuzwayo lapho ukhuphuka izitebhisi, kanye nokuntuleka kwamandla okwenza noma yini. Abantu abaningi bacabanga ukuthi lokhu kuyingxenye yesifo sezinso. Lokho kuyiqiniso, kodwa imbangela eyinhloko yalezi zimpawu eziningi kungaba ukwehla kwenani legazi emzimbeni wakho, esilibiza ngezokwelapha ngokuthi i-anemia. Kuyini ukuxhumana phakathi kwezinso nokwehla kwegazi emzimbeni? Namuhla, sizokhuluma ngalokhu kalula, ngendlela ongayiqonda.
Kungani abantu abanesifo sezinso benamanani aphansi egazi? Ezinye zezizathu eziyinhloko
Kalula nje, umoya-mpilo ubalulekile kuwo wonke amaseli nezitho zomzimba wethu ukuze siphile futhi sisebenze kahle. Amaseli ethu abomvu egazi athwala lo moya-mpilo oyigugu usuka emaphashini emzimbeni wonke. Iphrotheni engaphakathi kwala maseli abomvu egazi ebizwa ngokuthi i-hemoglobin yiyo ebopha umoya-mpilo.
Manje cabanga, lezi zimoto ezibizwa ngamaseli abomvu egazi ziyaguga futhi zibhujiswe ngemva kwesikhashana. Ngakho-ke, umzimba wethu uhlala udala amaseli abomvu egazi amasha ukuze akhokhele lokhu kuntuleka. Ifektri eyenza la maseli abomvu egazi yi-bone marrow yethu. Kodwa-ke, umyalo "wokuqala ukwenza amaseli abomvu egazi manje" unikezwa le fektri ebizwa ngokuthi i-bone marrow yizinso zethu. Uma zonakele ngenxa yesifo sezinso, yonke le nqubo iyaphambuka. Kwenzeka ngezindlela ezintathu eziyinhloko.
| Imbangela yokulahlekelwa igazi | Kalula nje... |
|---|---|
| Ukwehla kwe-EPO hormone | Izinso azisakhiqizi 'isignali' esitshela umongo ukuthi wakhe amangqamuzana egazi abomvu. |
| Isikhathi sokuphila samaseli abomvu egazi esifushane | Amaseli abomvu egazi akhiqizwa emzimbeni afa ngokushesha kunokujwayelekile. |
| Ukuntuleka kokudla okunempilo | Umzimba awunazo izakhamzimba ezidingekayo ukuze kwakhiwe amangqamuzana abomvu egazi (i-iron, i-vitamin B12, i-folate). |
Isizathu 1: Ukulahlekelwa 'kweSignali' yokwenza amangqamuzana abomvu egazi
Amaseli akhethekile ezinso zethu ahlala eqapha amazinga omoya-mpilo egazini lethu. Lapho inani lamaseli abomvu egazini lethu lehla futhi amazinga omoya-mpilo ehla, la maseli ayakuzwa lokhu bese ekhipha i-hormone ebizwa ngokuthi i-erythropoietin (EPO) egazini. Le hormone ye-EPO iya emnkantsheni bese iyitshela ukuthi, "Kulungile, ake siqale ukusebenza, senze amaseli abomvu egazi engeziwe."
Uma unesifo sezinso esingamahlalakhona (CKD), izinso zakho ziyalimala kancane kancane. Ngenxa yalo monakalo, izinso zakho azikwazi ukubona amazinga aphansi e-oxygen futhi zenze i-hormone i-EPO. Uma i-EPO ingekho, umongo awuwuqondi umyalezo. Ngakho-ke ukukhiqizwa kwamangqamuzana abomvu egazi kwehla kakhulu. Lapho amangqamuzana amasha abomvu egazi engenakukhiqizwa ukuze ahambisane nenani labafayo, umzimba uba nokuntuleka kwamangqamuzana abomvu egazi, noma i-anemia.
Isizathu sesi-2: Ukuphila okufushane kwamaseli abomvu egazi
Ngokuvamile, iseli elibomvu legazi kumuntu ophilile liphila cishe izinsuku ezingu-120 . Ngemva kwalokho, liyabhujiswa bese lithathelwa indawo elisha.
Kodwa ngenxa yobuthi obuthile obuqongelela egazini lomuntu onesifo sezinso, lawa maseli abomvu egazi awanawo indawo efanele yokuhlala kuyo. Ngenxa yalokho, isikhathi sawo sokuphila sincishiswa sibe yizinsuku ezingaba ngu-70-80 . Lokho kusho ukuthi, esikhundleni sokulinda ukuthi kukhiqizwe amaseli amasha abomvu egazi, amadala ayafa ngaphambi kwesikhathi. Lesi esinye isizathu esikhuphula i-anemia.
Isizathu 3: Ukuntuleka kwe-iron kanye nezakhamzimba
Insimbi iyisithako esiyinhloko esidingekayo ukuze kwenziwe isithuthi esibizwa ngokuthi amangqamuzana egazi abomvu. Ngaphandle kwensimbi, i-hemoglobin ayinakwenziwa. Ngaphandle kwe-hemoglobin, umoya-mpilo awukwazi ukuthwalwa.
Sithola i-iron ekudleni okufana nemifino eluhlaza njengophizi, isipinashi, kanye nokusanhlamvu kwasekuseni okuqinisiwe. Kodwa cishe ingxenye yabantu abanesifo sezinso esibi banokuntuleka kwe-iron. Kungaba nezizathu eziningana zalokhu.
- Ukuntuleka kwe-iron ekudleni: Iziguli zezinso ngezinye izikhathi zingase zidingeke ukuthi zinciphise ukudla kwazo, okungase kuholele ekuntulekeni kokudla okucebile nge-iron.
- Ukuncipha kokumuncwa kwensimbi: Isifo sezinso singanciphisa ikhono lamathumbu lokumuncwa kwensimbi.
- Ukulahlekelwa yigazi: Ukuhlolwa kwegazi njalo kubangela ukuthi umzimba ulahlekelwe yigazi kancane kancane. Futhi, uma umuntu ehlinzwa nge-dialysis , umzimba ulahlekelwa yigazi nensimbi ethile phakathi naleyo nqubo.
Ngaphezu kwensimbi, izakhamzimba ezifana ne -vitamin B12 kanye ne-folate (Folate/Vitamin B9) nazo zibalulekile ekwakhekeni kahle kwamaseli abomvu egazi. Ezinye iziguli zezinso nazo ziyantula lezi zakhamzimba.
Ezinye izinto ezithinta i-anemia
Ngaphezu kwalezi zimbangela eziyinhloko, ezinye izici eziningana zingathinta i-anemia yesiguli sezinso.
- Ukutheleleka okuvamile
- Ukuvuvukala okungapheli emzimbeni: Lokhu kubangela ukuthi umzimba ukhiphe amakhemikhali abizwa ngokuthi ama-cytokine, anciphisa ukusebenza komnkantsha wamathambo.
- Ukungondleki kahle
Uma une-anemia ngenxa yesifo sezinso, kungaba ngenxa yesinye noma inhlanganisela yalezi zici. Ngakho-ke, kungcono ungesabi futhi ukhulume nodokotela wakho ukuze uthole imbangela eqondile.
Ubani osengozini enkulu yokuthola i-anemia?
Akuwona wonke umuntu onesifo sezinso ozoba nenani elifanayo le-anemia, kodwa abanye abantu basengozini enkulu.
- Uma ungowesifazane
- Uma unesifo sikashukela
- Uma ukusebenza kwezinso zakho kunciphile kakhulu noma kungasebenzi kahle
Uma unezimpawu ze-anemia (ukukhathala, ubuthakathaka, isikhumba esikhanyayo, isiyezi), udokotela wakho angase akucele ukubala igazi eliphelele kanye nokuhlolwa ukuze kuhlolwe amazinga akho e-iron. Lokhu kuzonquma ukuthi yiluphi ukwelashwa okudingayo. Kunezindlela zokwelapha lokhu, njengamaphilisi e-iron kanye nemijovo ye-hormone i-EPO.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- Kukhona ukuxhumana okuseduze phakathi kwesifo sezinso esingamahlalakhona (i-CKD) kanye ne-anemia, okungaba yimbangela eyinhloko yokukhathala okuzwayo.
- Isizathu esiyinhloko ukuthi izinso ezonakele zinciphisa ukukhiqizwa kwe-hormone i-EPO, ebatshela ukuthi benze amangqamuzana egazi abomvu.
- Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukubhujiswa okusheshayo kwamangqamuzana abomvu egazi kanye nokuntuleka kwezakhamzimba ezifana nensimbi kanye ne-vithamini B12 nakho kungabangela i-anemia.
- Uma unezimpawu ze-anemia noma usola ukuthi ungaba nazo, qiniseka ukuthi ukhuluma nodokotela wakho. Kunezindlela zokwelapha eziphumelela kakhulu.
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