Ingabe ubulokhu unesifo sikashukela, isifo samathambo, isifo sezinso, noma esinye isifo esingamahlalakhona izinyanga, mhlawumbe ngisho neminyaka, futhi ingabe uzizwa ukhathele futhi uvilapha ngaso sonke isikhathi? Udokotela wakho kungenzeka ukuthi ukutshelile ukuthi unenani eliphansi legazi. Lokhu kungaba ngenxa yokuntuleka kwegazi okuthile okubangelwa ukugula kwakho okungamahlalakhona. Yilokho esikhuluma ngakho namuhla. Lokhu ngokwezokwelapha kubizwa ngokuthi 'i-Anemia yeSifo Esingamahlalakhona'.
Iyini i-anemia ebangelwa izifo zesikhathi eside?
Kalula nje, lokhu futhi kuyi-anemia. Kusho ukuthi inani lamaseli abomvu egazi athwala umoya-mpilo emzimbeni wonke liyancipha. Kodwa lokhu kuhlukile kancane ku-anemia esivame ukuzwa ngayo ngenxa yokuntuleka kwensimbi. Lesi simo sibangelwa ukuvuvukala okubangelwa yisimo sezokwelapha esibe semzimbeni wakho izinyanga ezingaphezu kwezintathu. Ngezinye izikhathi odokotela babiza lokhu ngokuthi "i-Anemia of Inflammation".
Ake sithi unesifo esingamahlalakhona esibangela ukuthi umzimba wakho uhlale "usha" kancane (ukuvuvukala). Lokhu kuvimbela imizimba yethu ekusebenziseni kahle i-iron eyidingayo ukwenza amangqamuzana egazi abomvu. Kufana nokuba nazo zonke izithako zokupheka ekhaya, kodwa ungakwazi ukupheka ngaphandle kwegesi. Kodwa izindaba ezinhle ukuthi abantu abaningi abanalesi simo bane-anemia encane, okungekubi kangako.
Ubani okungenzeka kakhulu ukuthi athole lesi simo?
Njengoba igama lisho, i-anemia ingakhula kunoma ubani onanoma yiluphi uhlobo lwesifo esingamahlalakhona. Kodwa-ke, ivame kakhulu kubantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-65. Kunezinhlobo eziningana zezifo ezingabangela i-anemia:
- Umdlavuza
- Isifo sezinso esingamahlalakhona
- Ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo
- Izifo ezihlasela umzimba: Lezi yizifo lapho isimiso somzimba sokuzivikela, okufanele sivikele umzimba wethu, sihlasela khona umzimba ngokwawo.
Ake sibheke ukuthi lokhu kuntuleka kwegazi kungabangelwa kanjani yizifo eziningana zesimiso sokuzivikela komzimba kanye nezinye izimo.
| Isimo sezokwelapha | Incazelo elula |
|---|---|
| Isifo samathambo esibizwa ngokuthi i-rheumatoid arthritis | Ukuvuvukala isikhathi eside kanye nobuhlungu emalungeni. |
| I-Lupus | Umonakalo obangelwa amasosha omzimba ahlasela izicubu ezahlukene emzimbeni. |
| I-Vasculitis | Ukuvuvukala noma ukuvuvukala kwemithambo yegazi. |
| Isifo samathumbu esivuvukalayo | Izimo zamathumbu ezifana nesifo sikaCrohn kanye ne-ulcerative colitis. |
| Noma yiluphi uhlobo lokutheleleka kwesikhathi eside | Noma yikuphi ukutheleleka okuhlala emzimbeni isikhathi eside kungabangela lokhu. |
| Ukukhuluphala ngokweqile | Ukukhuluphala ngokweqile nakho kungabangela ukuvuvukala okungapheli emzimbeni. |
Kungani insimbi emzimbeni ingasetshenziswa kulesi sifo?
Lokhu kunzima ukukuqonda, kodwa kuyiphuzu elibaluleke kakhulu. Cabanga ngakho ngale ndlela...
Iseli elibomvu legazi emzimbeni wethu livame ukuphila cishe izinsuku ezingu-120. Ngemva kokufa, umzimba uphinda usebenzise insimbi ekulawo maseli ukuze wakhe amangqamuzana amasha abomvu egazi.
Kodwa, uma unesifo esihlala isikhathi eside, uhlobo lweseli emzimbeni wethu olubizwa ngokuthi ama-macrophage lubambelela ku-iron evela kula maseli abomvu egazi amadala. Okusho ukuthi, awayikhiphi leyo iron. Kufana nokuthi ayayibopha i-iron.
Ngakho-ke, noma ngabe insimbi igcinwa emzimbeni (njengeprotheni ebizwa ngokuthi i-`Ferritin`), insimbi ayikhishwa egazini, ngakho-ke amangqamuzana amasha egazi abomvu awakwazi ukwenziwa. Lena yinto eyinhloko eyenzekayo kulesi sifo.
Ziyini izimpawu zalokhu?
Lezi zimpawu zifana kakhulu neze-anemia ebangelwa ukuntuleka kwensimbi. Abanye abantu bangase bangabi nazo nhlobo izimpawu. Abanye bangase babe nazo lezi zimpawu kuphela lapho bezivocavoca. Abantu abanezimpawu bangase babe nalezi zimpawu:
| Isibonakaliso | Incazelo |
|---|---|
| Ukukhathala okukhulu kanye nobuthakathaka | Ukuzizwa ubuthakathaka kangangokuthi awukwazi ngisho nokwenza imisebenzi yakho yansuku zonke. |
| Ubunzima bokuphefumula | Ukuzizwa unesizungu ngisho noma uhamba kancane noma ukhuphuka izitebhisi. |
| Ukubukeka okukhanyayo kwesikhumba | Isikhumba, izindebe, kanye nezintende zezandla zibonakala zimhlophe kunokujwayelekile. |
| Ukujuluka ngaphandle kwesizathu | Ukuzizwa ubanda futhi ujuluka ngaphandle kwesizathu esithile. |
| Isiyezi kanye nokuquleka | Ukuzizwa sengathi amehlo akho aphenduka aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka uma usukuma noma usukuma ngokuzumayo. |
| Ikhanda elibuhlungu | Ubuhlungu bekhanda obuhlala bukhona. |
Ukuthola kanjani lokhu, Dokotela?
Udokotela wakho uzokubuza ngezimpawu zakho kanye nanoma yiziphi ezinye izimo zezokwelapha ongase ube nazo, futhi uma besola ukuthi lokhu kunjalo, bazo-oda ukuhlolwa kwegazi. Lokhu kuhlolwa kwegazi kuyindlela kuphela yokuthola lesi simo.
Lokho okuboniswa yimibiko yokuhlolwa kwegazi
| Ukuhlolwa | Kalula nje, ubonani kulokhu? |
|---|---|
| Izinga le-hemoglobin | Iphrotheni enikeza amangqamuzana abomvu egazi umbala obomvu futhi ethwala umoya-mpilo. Inani layo liyehla. |
| Izinga lensimbi ye-serum | Inani lensimbi yamahhala egazini. Leli inani eliphansi. |
| Inani lama-reticulocyte | Lokhu kubhekisela kumaseli abomvu egazi "abantwana". Uma leli nani liphansi, kusho ukuthi umongo wethambo awukhiqizi amaseli amasha ngesivinini esiphansi. |
| Izinga le-ferritin ye-serum | Lokhu kuyinto ebaluleke kakhulu . I-Ferritin iyiprotheni egcina insimbi emzimbeni. Nakuba iphansi ekuntuleni insimbi okuvamile, inani layo livamile noma liphezulu kwi-Anemia yeSifo Esingamahlalakhona . |
Akuvamile kakhulu, udokotela angase ancome ukuthi kwenziwe i-bone marrow biopsy uma kudingeka.
Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha lokhu?
Ukwelashwa okungcono kakhulu nokubaluleke kakhulu kwalesi sifo sokuntuleka kwegazi ukwelapha kahle isifo esiyisisekelo esibangele i-anemia.
Ake sithi unalesi sifo sokulahlekelwa yigazi ngenxa yesifo samathambo esibangelwa yi-rheumatoid arthritis. Uma uphuza imithi udokotela wakho ayinikezayo yokulawula isifo sakho samathambo, ukuvuvukala emzimbeni wakho kuyancipha. Bese i-iron ebambekile iyakhishwa, futhi isifo sokulahlekelwa yigazi cishe siyathuthuka ngokuzenzakalelayo.
Kubaluleke kakhulu: Ungalokothi uthathe izithasiselo zensimbi wedwa ngaphandle kokubonisana nodokotela wakho. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi insimbi igcinwa emzimbeni ngalesi sifo, futhi ukufaka insimbi eyengeziwe kungaba yingozi emzimbeni.
Abantu abane-anemia enzima ngezinye izikhathi bangadinga ezinye izindlela zokwelapha:
- Ukumpontshelwa igazi: Lokhu kuyisisombululo esisheshayo, kodwa akusona isisombululo sesikhathi eside.
- Ukwelashwa kwe-EPO okwenziwe: I-EPO iyi-hormone ekhiqizwa yizinso. Itshela umongo wethambo ukuthi "wenze amangqamuzana abomvu egazi." Uma lo mjovo unikezwa, ukukhiqizwa kwamangqamuzana abomvu egazi kuyanda.
- Amaphilisi ensimbi: Ngezinye izikhathi, udokotela wakho angase anqume ukukunika amaphilisi ensimbi kanye nomjovo we-EPO, kodwa lokhu kufanele kwenziwe kuphela ngaphansi kokuqondisa kukadokotela.
Ungase uzizwe ukhathele kakhulu futhi ucindezelekile ngenxa yalezi zimpawu ze-anemia, kanye nesimo sakho sempilo sesikhathi eside. Kodwa khumbula, lesi simo sivame ukuba sincane futhi siba ngcono uma isimo esiyisisekelo selashwa. Kubalulekile ukukhuluma nodokotela wakho mayelana nokushintsha kokudla nendlela yokuphila okufanele wena.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- I-anemia yeSifo Esingamahlalakhona ayikona ukuntuleka kwe-iron ekudleni kwakho. Ibangelwa ukuvuvukala emzimbeni ngenxa yokugula isikhathi eside.
- Ukwelashwa okungcono kakhulu kwalokhu ukwelapha isimo esiyisisekelo onaso (isib. isifo samathambo, isifo sezinso).
- Uma unezimpawu ezifana nokukhathala okukhulu, ukuphelelwa umoya, kanye nokuphaphatheka, tshela udokotela wakho.
- Ungasebenzisi amaphilisi ensimbi ngaphandle kweseluleko sikadokotela nganoma yisiphi isizathu. Kulesi simo, kungalimaza umzimba.
- Khuluma nodokotela wakho ngokukhululekile ngazo zonke izinkinga zakho zempilo kanye nokwelashwa.
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