Uzizwa uvilapha? Ukhathele ngaso sonke isikhathi? Kungaba yi-anemia!

Ingabe nawe uzizwa ukhathele kangangokuthi awukwazi ukwenza imisebenzi yakho yansuku zonke? Ingabe uzizwa unesizungu ngisho noma uhamba kancane? Ingabe ngezinye izikhathi uzizwa unesizungu, isifuba sakho sizizwa sisinda, futhi isikhumba sakho sibukeka simhlophe? Lokhu akusikho nje ukukhathala okuvamile, kodwa kungaba futhi izimpawu zesimo esibizwa ngokuthi i-anemia, noma njengoba sikubiza ngokwezokwelapha . Namuhla, sizoxoxa ngokuthi iyini i-anemia, izimbangela zayo, izimpawu, ukwelashwa, nokuthi ungayinakekela kanjani.

Kuyini i-anemia? Kalula nje...

Kalula nje, i-anemia ilapho inani lamaseli abomvu egazi emzimbeni wakho lehla, noma amaseli abomvu egazi onawo engasebenzi kahle . Lawa maseli abomvu egazi athwala umoya-mpilo emzimbeni wakho wonke. Ngakho-ke lapho ehla noma umsebenzi wawo wehla, amaseli emzimbeni wakho awawutholi umoya-mpilo awudingayo. Yilapho uqala ukuzizwa ukhathele futhi ukhathele, njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili.

Ezinye izinhlobo ze-anemia zizuzwa njengefa . Okusho ukuthi, zibangelwa izici zofuzo ezidluliselwa esizukulwaneni kuya kwesinye. Kodwa-ke, i-anemia ingakhula futhi ngesikhathi sokuphila kwethu ngezizathu ezahlukahlukene (ezitholakalayo) .

I-anemia ingathinta impilo yakho ngezindlela eziningi. Ezinye izinhlobo ze-anemia azinzima kakhulu futhi zingelashwa ngokushesha. Kodwa-ke, ezinye izinhlobo, njenge-anemia yokuzalwa, zingabangela izinkinga zempilo impilo yonke. I-anemia enzima ingaba yingozi empilweni . Futhi, ngezinye izikhathi i-anemia ingaba uphawu lwesifo esibi njengomdlavuza. Ngakho-ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqaphela lokhu.

Ingabe lokhu kuvamile ukuba ne-anemia?

Yebo, empeleni lesi yisimo esivame kakhulu kunalokho ongakucabanga. Ochwepheshe bathi cishe ingxenye yesithathu yabantu emhlabeni ine-anemia. Ngakho-ke, uma unanoma yiziphi zalezi zimpawu, yazi ukuthi awuwedwa.

Ziyini izimpawu ze-anemia? Ingabe nawe unazo lezi zimpawu?

Uphawu oluyinhloko lwe-anemia ukukhathala okukhulu nokukhathala . Lokhu kusho ukuthi uzizwa ukhathele kangangokuthi awukwazi ngisho nokwenza imisebenzi yakho yansuku zonke. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ungase ube nezimpawu ezifana nalezi:

• Ubuhlungu besifuba
• Isiyezi
• Ukutheleleka okuvamile (ngenxa yokuncipha kokuzivikela komzimba)
• Ukushaya kwenhliziyo - umuzwa wokuthi isifuba sakho siyashaya.
• Ikhanda elibuhlungu
• Umbala okhanyayo - Isikhumba sibonakala simhlophe futhi simhlophe kunokujwayelekile.
• I-pulsatile tinnitus (umsindo ozwakala ezindlebeni)
• Ukuphelelwa umoya/ukuphelelwa umoya - ukuzizwa uphelelwa umoya ngisho noma uzikhandla kancane.

Uma unesinye noma ngaphezulu salezi zimpawu, kungcono ukubona udokotela ukuze akunike iseluleko.

Kungani sithola le nkinga yokuntuleka kwegazi? Ziyini izimbangela?

Kunezimbangela eziningi ze-anemia. Njengoba sesixoxile ngaphambili, lezi zingahlukaniswa ngezigaba ezimbili eziyinhloko: i-acquired anemias kanye ne-inherited anemias .

I-Acquired Anemias

Lezi yizona ezivame ukubonakala.

• I-anemia yokuntuleka kwe-iron: Lolu uhlobo oluvame kakhulu lwe-anemia. Lungabangelwa ukuntuleka kwe-iron ekudleni, noma ngenxa yokopha ngenxa yokulimala noma ukugula.
• I-anemia yesifo esingamahlalakhona: Uma unesifo sesikhathi eside, ikakhulukazi esibangela ukuvuvukala okungamahlalakhona (isib. isifo samathambo), ungase ube ne-anemia ngoba umzimba wakho unobunzima bokusebenzisa i-iron.
• I-Autoimmune hemolytic anemia: Lokhu kwenzeka lapho amasosha omzimba wakho ehlasela futhi ebhubhisa amangqamuzana akho abomvu egazi .
• I-Macrocytic anemia kanye ne-megaloblastic anemia: Kulezi zinhlobo, umongo wamathambo ukhiqiza amangqamuzana egazi abomvu amakhulu ngendlela engavamile. Ezinye izifo kanye nokuntuleka kwamavithamini (ikakhulukazi i-vitamin B12 kanye ne-folic acid) kungabangela lokhu. Lokhu kubizwa nangokuthi i-vitamin deficiency anemia .
• I-Normocytic anemia: Lesi yisimo lapho inani lamaseli abomvu egazi liphansi kunejwayelekile. Lokhu kungaba nezimbangela eziningi.
• I-anemia eyingozi: Lokhu futhi kuyimbangela yokuntuleka kwe-vithamini B12 . Lesi yisimo sokuzivikela komzimba esivimbela umzimba ukuthi ungamunci i-vithamini B12.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, abantu abanezifo ezingamahlalakhona ezifana nalezi:

• Izifo ezizenzakalelayo (isib. i-lupus)
• Umdlavuza
• Isifo samathumbu esivuvukalayo (IBD) (isb. isifo sikaCrohn)
• Isifo sezinso
• Isifo sesibindi
• Isifo se-thyroid

I-Anemia Ezuzwe Njengefa

Lezi zizuzwe ngofuzo kubazali ezinganeni.

• I-Diamond-Blackfan anemia: Kulokhu, umongo wethambo awukwazi ukukhiqiza amangqamuzana abomvu egazi anele.
• I-Fanconi anemia: Lesi yisifo segazi esingavamile. Abantu abanalesi simo basengozini enkulu yokuthola izifo ezihlobene negazi, okuhlanganisa ne-anemia.
• I-anemia yamaseli esikele: Lesi yisimo lapho amangqamuzana abomvu egazi eshintsha khona isimo. Esikhundleni samangqamuzana avamile ayindilinga, aguquguqukayo, aba amangqamuzana aqinile, anamathelayo, amise okwesikele. Lawa maseli anamathela emithanjeni yegazi futhi avimbele ukugeleza kwegazi.
• I-Thalassemia: Kulesi simo, ukukhiqizwa kwe-hemoglobin emzimbeni, iphrotheni ethwala umoya-mpilo emangqamuzaneni abomvu egazi, kuncipha. Ngenxa yalokho, amangqamuzana abomvu egazi aba mancane, okubangela i-anemia. Lesi simo singabonakala naseSri Lanka.

Ezinye izinhlobo ze-anemia (ezingenzeka ekuzalweni noma kamuva)

Kunezinhlobo ezithile ze-anemia ezingazuzwa njengefa noma zikhule kamuva ekuphileni.

• I-Aplastic anemia: Kulokhu, amaseli okuqala emnkantsheni awakhiqizi amangqamuzana egazi anele (amangqamuzana abomvu, amangqamuzana amhlophe, nama-platelet).
• I-Hemolytic anemia: Kulokhu, amangqamuzana abomvu egazi ayaphuka noma afe ngokushesha kunokujwayelekile.
• I-Microcytic anemia: Lokhu kwenzeka lapho amangqamuzana abomvu egazi engenalo i-hemoglobin eyanele, okwenza abe mancane kunokuvamile. Kungabonakala nakubantu abanesifo sokushoda kwensimbi, i-thalassemia, i-sideroblastic anemia, kanye nezinye izifo ezingamahlalakhona.
• I-Sideroblastic anemia: Lokhu kubangelwa ukusetshenziswa okungavamile kwensimbi ngesikhathi sokwakheka kwamangqamuzana egazi abomvu.

Manje cishe usuyaqonda ukuthi zingaki izimbangela ze-anemia.

Wazi kanjani ukuthi unesiqiniseko sokuthi une-anemia? (Ukuxilongwa)

Uma unezimpawu ze-anemia, udokotela uzoqala akubuze ngezimpawu zakho. Ngemuva kwalokho, ukuze anqume ukuthi i-anemia ibangelwa ukuntuleka kwamaseli abomvu egazi, udokotela uzoyala ukuhlolwa kwegazi okuningana. Okuyinhloko yile:

• Ukubalwa Kwegazi Okuphelele (i-CBC): Lokhu kuhlolwa kubheka zonke izinhlobo zamaseli egazini lakho, ikakhulukazi amaseli abomvu egazi. Kungakutshela izinto ezifana nenani lamaseli abomvu egazi, usayizi wawo, kanye nesimo sawo. Kungasetshenziswa futhi ukuhlola amazinga akho e-vitamin B12 noma i-B9 (folate).
• Ukuhlolwa kwe-hemoglobin: I-hemoglobin iyisakhi esiyinhloko samaseli abomvu egazi. Lokhu kuhlolwa kuvame ukwenziwa ukuze kutholakale i-anemia.
• Ukuhlolwa kwe-Hematocrit: Lokhu kulinganisa ukuthi iphesenti legazi lakho lakhiwe ngamaseli abomvu egazi.
• I-smear yegazi elingaphandle: Lokhu kuhilela ukubuka amangqamuzana akho abomvu egazi ngaphansi kwesibonakhulu ukuhlola usayizi nesimo sawo.
• Inani lama-reticulocyte: Ama-reticulocyte angamaseli abomvu egazi angavuthiwe. Lokhu kuhlola kuhlola ukuthi umnkantsha wakho ukhiqiza amangqamuzana abomvu egazi anele yini anempilo.

Ngokusekelwe emiphumeleni yalezi zivivinyo, udokotela uzonquma ukuthi hlobo luni lwe-anemia onalo nokuthi yini imbangela.

Ingabe i-anemia ingabangela ezinye izinkinga?

Yebo, uma i-anemia ingelashwa kahle, noma uma iqhubeka naphezu kokwelashwa (i-anemia engapheli), ezinye izinkinga zempilo (izinkinga) zingavela. Isibonelo:

• Isifo senhliziyo
• Ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo
• Ukulimala kwesitho somzimba

Yingakho kubalulekile ukubona udokotela bese uthola ukwelashwa ngokushesha okukhulu uma usola ukuthi une-anemia.

Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha i-anemia?

Ukwelashwa kwe-anemia kuyahlukahluka kuye ngohlobo lwe-anemia onayo kanye nembangela yayo. Ngezinye izikhathi, uma i-anemia ibangelwa esinye isimo esiyisisekelo, udokotela wakho uzokwelapha leso simo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunezindlela zokwelapha eziqondene ngqo ne-anemia. Lokhu kungafaka izithasiselo zokudla , imithi, ngisho nezinqubo ezithile zezokwelapha .

Izithasiselo Zokudla

Udokotela wakho angase ancome izithako ezifana nalezi:

• Izithasiselo zensimbi: Lezi ziza ngesimo sama-capsule noma amaphilisi owaphuza ngomlomo. Ungazithatha nengilazi yamanzi.
• Izithasiselo ze-folic acid: I-Vitamin B9, noma i-folate, iyi-vitamin ebalulekile emzimbeni wethu. Isiza ekwakhekeni kwamangqamuzana egazi abomvu kanye ne-DNA, isakhiwo esiyisisekelo somzimba wethu.
• Izithasiselo ze-Vitamin B12: I-Vitamin B12 isiza ekukhiqizeni amangqamuzana abomvu egazi anempilo.

Okubalulekile: Ungathathi lesi sithasiselo ngokwakho ngaphandle kokubonisana nodokotela. Sithathe njengoba nje udokotela wakho ekuyalile, ngenani nangesikhathi osinqunyiwe.

Imithi

Odokotela bangase banikeze imithi efana nalena yezinhlobo ezithile ze-anemia:

• I-Erythropoietin: Lo muthi usiza umongo wamathambo ukuthi wakhe amaseli amaningi egazi.
• Ama-immunosuppressants: Uma une-anemia ngenxa yesifo sokuzivikela komzimba, le mithi isiza ekuvimbeleni amasosha omzimba wakho ekuhlaseleni amangqamuzana akho abomvu egazi.

Izinqubo Zezokwelapha

Kwezinye izimo, udokotela angase ancome izinto ezifana nalezi:

• Ukumpontshelwa igazi: Ukunikeza igazi elisha ukuze lithathe indawo yamaseli abomvu egazi aphelelwe yisikhathi.
• Ukufakelwa kwe-stem cell (umnkantsha wamathambo): Lena inqubo yokufaka esikhundleni samaseli e-stem egazi angaphili kahle ngamangqamuzana aphilile. Lokhu kwenziwa ezimweni ezinzima kakhulu.
• Ukuhlinzwa:Uma kukhona ukopha kwangaphakathi, kungenziwa ukuhlinzwa ukuze kumiswe.

Angikwazi yini ukwelapha i-anemia ngedwa?

Esikhathini esiningi, izimpawu ze-anemia azizimbi kakhulu, futhi kungaba yinkinga yesikhashana. Uma udokotela eseqinisekisile ukuthi i-anemia iyimbangela yezimpawu zakho, ungayilawula ngokushintsha ukudla kwakho noma ukuthatha izithasiselo ezibalwe ngenhla .

Kodwa, nansi into. Izimpawu ze-anemia zingafana nezimpawu zezinye izifo. Isibonelo, uma ukhathele kungakhathaliseki ukuthi uphumule kangakanani, kungase kungabi yi-anemia nhlobo.

Ngakho-ke, uma ukhathala noma ezinye izinguquko emzimbeni wakho isikhathi esingaphezu kwamasonto amabili futhi zingapheli , qiniseka ukuthi ubona udokotela. Udokotela nguyena ongathola imbangela yangempela yezimpawu zakho futhi akunikeze ukwelashwa okufanele.

Ingabe umuntu one-anemia angaphila impilo evamile?

Kuncike kakhulu esimweni sakho. Ukwelashwa kungasiza ekulawuleni izimpawu ze-anemia. Kodwa-ke, njengoba sesixoxile ngaphambili, kunezimbangela eziningi. Ezinye izimo, njengezimo zokuzalwa kanye nezifo ezingamahlalakhona, azinakwelashwa. I-anemia engapheli, engelashwanga (i-anemia engamahlalakhona) ingaholela ezinkingeni ezinkulu, okuhlanganisa nokulimala kwezitho zomzimba . Ngakho-ke, uma une-anemia, kungcono ukukhuluma nodokotela wakho ngakho.

Ingabe i-anemia ingavinjelwa?

I-anemia yokuntuleka kwensimbi, uhlobo oluvame kakhulu lwe-anemia, ingavinjelwa ngokufaka ukudla okune-iron eningi ekudleni kwakho kwansuku zonke. Imifino eluhlaza enamaqabunga njengespinashi ne-kale, inyama ebomvu, ubhontshisi omisiwe, amalentili, kanye nesoya konke kuyimithombo emihle ye-iron.

Nokho, asikwazi ukuvimbela ezinye izinhlobo ze-anemia, ikakhulukazi lezo ezizalwa nazo.

Ngizinakekela kanjani? (Ukuzinakekela)

Ezinye izinhlobo ze-anemia ziyenzeka okwesikhashana futhi azibi kakhulu, kanti ezinye zingakuthinta impilo yakho yonke. Kodwa-ke, kunezinto ezimbalwa ongazenza ukuze uphathe izimpawu zakho:

• Landela ukudla okunempilo: Imikhuba yokudla engafanele ivame ukuba yimbangela eyinhloko ye-anemia. Buza udokotela wakho noma isazi sokudla ngokudla okucebile nge-iron nokuthi yini enye okufanele uyidle ukuze uthole izakhamzimba ezidingwa ngumzimba wakho.
• Thatha izithasiselo ozinikezwe zona njengoba nje udokotela wakho ekutshelile.
• Phuza amanzi amaningi: Gcina umzimba wakho unamanzi.
• Ukuzivocavoca: Ukuzivocavoca kubalulekile empilweni enempilo. Kodwa-ke, njengoba une-anemia, thintana nodokotela wakho mayelana nendlela yokuzivocavoca ngokuphephile. Ungavele uzikhandle ngokweqile.
• Zivikele ezifweni: Geza izandla zakho njalo futhi kahle. Buza udokotela wakho ngemigomo engakuvikela ezifweni ezibangelwa amagciwane kanye namagciwane.

Kufanele ngifune nini iseluleko sezokwelapha?

Uma une-anemia, uma izimpawu zakho ziba zimbi kakhulu ngesikhathi sokwelashwa, noma uma uzizwa sengathi uqala izimpawu ezintsha, qiniseka ukuthi ukhuluma nodokotela wakho.

Kufanele ngiye nini eGumbini Lezimo Eziphuthumayo (ER)?

I-anemia ingandisa ingozi yokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo. Uma unezinye zalezi zimpawu, shayela u-911 ngokushesha noma uye egumbini lezimo eziphuthumayo esibhedlela esiseduze :

• Ubuhlungu besifuba
• Ukuphefumula kanzima noma ukuphefumula kanzima
• Ukukhathala
• Ubunzima bokulala/ukungalali
• Ukucanuzela noma ukungakhululeki esiswini - Ngezinye izikhathi ukuhlaselwa yinhliziyo kungazwakala njenge-gastritis noma isisu esibuhlungu.
• Ukushaya kwenhliziyo
• Ukukhathazeka noma umuzwa "wenhlekelele ezayo"
• Ukujuluka
• Ukuzizwa unekhanda elikhanyayo , udidekile noma uquleka (Qaphela: Lokhu kuyinguqulo yesiGeorgia yesisho esithi "uzizwa unekhanda elikhanyayo, udidekile noma uquleka" ) - Ukulungiswa: Ukuzizwa unekhanda elikhanyayo, udidekile noma uquleka

Yimiphi imibuzo okufanele ngiyibuze udokotela wami?

I-anemia ingathinta umzimba wakho ngezindlela eziningi. Futhi ingaba nezimbangela eziningi. Uma une-anemia, ungabuza udokotela wakho imibuzo efana nale:

• Nginaluphi uhlobo lwe-anemia?
• Iyini imbangela yalokho?
• Yikuphi ukwelashwa okuncomayo?
• Ngizoqala nini ukuzizwa ngingcono?
• Kuzodingeka ngithole ukwelashwa isikhathi esingakanani?
• Ingabe lokhu kungelapheka ngokuphelele?

Ngaphezu kwale mibuzo, buza udokotela wakho nganoma yikuphi ukungabaza noma imibuzo ongase ube nayo.

Okokugcina, izinto okufanele uzikhumbule (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

I-anemia yisimo esenzeka lapho umzimba wakho ungenawo amangqamuzana abomvu egazi anele, noma uma engasebenzi kahle. Nakuba abanye abantu bezalwa nayo, abaningi bayayithola kamuva ekuphileni. Yingakho kubalulekile ukuqaphela izinguquko zomzimba wakho. Isibonelo, sonke sizizwa sikhathele ngezinye izinsuku. Kodwa-ke, uma ukhathele izinsuku ezimbalwa, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi uthola ukuphumula okungakanani, kuwumqondo omuhle ukukhuluma nodokotela wakho ngakho.

Khumbula, ukudla okunempilo, ukuthatha izithasiselo njengoba kuqondiswe udokotela wakho uma kudingeka, kanye nokwelashwa okufanele kungasiza ekulawuleni i-anemia nokuvimbela izinkinga zayo . Nakekela impilo yakho!

I - anemia, i-anemia, ukukhathala, amaseli abomvu egazi, ukuntuleka kwensimbi, ukuntuleka kwamavithamini