Ake sifunde ngodokotela okhethekile ozokubona ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa - udokotela wezinzwa.

Wake walungiselela ukuhlinzwa noma ukuhlolwa okukhulu? Uyakhumbula ukuthi, ngaphezu kukadokotela ohlinzayo, omunye udokotela okhethekile weza nini ukuzokubona? Lowo dokotela ungudokotela obulala izinzwa. Namuhla, ake sixoxe ngokuthi ungubani lo dokotela obulala izinzwa, wenzani, nokuthi ubaluleke kangakanani enduduzoni nasekuphepheni kwakho.

Ubani u-Anesthesiologist?

Kalula nje, udokotela obulala izinzwa udokotela okunakekelayo esikhungweni sokubulala izinzwa, ukuphathwa kobuhlungu, kanye negumbi lokunakekelwa okubucayi ngaphambi, ngesikhathi, nangemva kokuhlinzwa noma ezinye izinqubo zokwelapha ezibuhlungu. Cabanga ukuthi kubaluleke kangakanani ngathi ukungazizwa ubuhlungu ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa. Lo dokotela ochwepheshe wenza lokho kanye, ngokuphephile.

Kuyini ukubulala izinzwa?

I-anesthesia iyindlela yokwelapha ekuvimbela ukuthi ungezwa ubuhlungu ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa noma ezinye izinqubo zezokwelapha. Imithi esetshenziswa odokotela be-anesthesia nabanye ochwepheshe bezempilo ukuqeda lobu buhlungu ibizwa ngokuthi i-anesthetics.

Manje bheka, lezi zindlela zokubulala izinzwa zisebenza ngezindlela ezahlukene.

• Amanye ama-anesthetics aqeda ingxenye ethile yomzimba wakho kuphela. Cabanga ngawo njengomuthi owunikezayo ngaphambi kokukhipha izinyo.
• Eminye imithi ilalisa ubuchopho bakho isikhashana, bese ilahlekelwa ingqondo ngokuphelele. Lokhu kusetshenziswa ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa okukhulu, njengalokho okwenziwa ekhanda, esifubeni, noma esiswini.

Uma unento encane, njengokugcwalisa amazinyo, isibonelo, udokotela okwenzayo uzokunikeza umuthi wokubulala izinzwa wendawo , okusho umuthi oqeda ubuhlungu kuleyo ndawo kuphela.

Ingabe udokotela wezinzwa naye ungudokotela?

Yebo, impela! Udokotela obulala izinzwa udokotela oneziqu zobudokotela, njengodokotela wakho ohlinzayo noma udokotela womndeni wakho. Baneziqu zobudokotela kwezokwelapha (`MD - Doctor of Medicine` noma `DO - Doctor of Osteopathic Medicine`). Futhi, uma ucabanga ngemfundo yabo, iziqu zaseyunivesithi, kanye nokuhlala kwabo ngemuva kwesikole sezokwelapha, baqeqeshwa iminyaka ephakathi kwengu-12 nengu-14. Ngakho-ke, lokho akuyona into encane, akunjalo?

Yini ngempela eyenziwa yi-anesthesiologist?

Njengodokotela womndeni wakho, udokotela wezinzwa unesibopho sokunakekela zonke izici zempilo yakho. Isibonelo, bazoqapha umfutho wegazi lakho, isifo sikashukela, i-asthma, kanye nezimo zenhliziyo ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa, ngenkathi futhi bekunikeza izinzwa ukuze ungezwa ubuhlungu.

Odokotela bezifo ezibulala izinzwa basiza futhi ukuqinisekisa ukuphepha kwakho ngokumboza nokuvikela izingxenye zomzimba wakho ngenkathi ungazi lutho, ukuze bavimbele umonakalo.

Odokotela bokubulala izinzwa banemithwalo yemfanelo ebaluleke kakhulu ngaphambi, ngesikhathi, nangemva kokuhlinzwa:

Ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa

• Funda isimo sakho sempilo kanye nemiphumela yokuhlolwa ngokucophelela.
• Ukunquma ukuthi umzimba wakho ulungele kangakanani ukuhlinzwa ozokwenziwa.
• Ukunquma ukuthi yiluphi uhlelo lokubulala izinzwa oluphephile kuwe.

Ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa

• Izimpawu zakho ezibalulekile – njengokushaya kwenhliziyo, umfutho wegazi, kanye nokuphefumula – zizohlala ziqashwe ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa.
• Ukuphatha izimo zakho zezokwelapha ezikhona.
• Ukuhlinzeka ngoketshezi, imikhiqizo yegazi kanye nemithi edingwa umzimba wakho ukuze usebenze kahle (isib. inhliziyo, amaphaphu, izinso).
• Bangase basebenze bodwa, noma nethimba lokunakekela izinzwa eliqukethe abahlengikazi ababulala izinzwa noma odokotela abaqeqeshwayo ababulala izinzwa.

Ngemva kokuhlinzwa

• Ngemva kokuhlinzwa, unesibopho sokunakekela inhlalakahle yakho kuze kube yilapho ululama kancane kancane emiphumeleni yokubulala izinzwa.
• Ngokuvamile, ngudokotela wezinzwa onquma ukuthi usululame ngokugcwele yini emiphumeleni yezinzwa futhi usukulungele ukuya ekhaya noma udluliselwe kwelinye iwadi esibhedlela.

Eminye imisebenzi ebalulekile

Odokotela bezifo ezibulala izinzwa banakekela nabantu abenza ukuhlinzwa okuncane noma abangadingi ukuquleka ngokuphelele (`I-General Anesthesia`). Isibonelo, izinto ezifana ne -epidurals ezinikezwa omama asebezobeletha umntwana ukuze banciphise ubuhlungu .

Baphinde basize ekunakekeleni iziguli eziseYunithi Yokunakekelwa Okujulile (i-ICU) ngemva kokuhlinzwa okukhulu. Baphinde basebenze nethimba lokuphatha izinhlungu lesibhedlela noma ehhovisi ukusiza labo abasezinhlungwini ezinzima, kungaba ngenxa yengozi noma ubuhlungu obungapheli emhlane.

Ingabe bakhona abanye abantu eqenjini lokubulala izinzwa?

Yebo, kungenzeka ukuthi kukhona abanye abantu eqenjini lokubulala izinzwa ngaphandle kukadokotela wezinzwa. Ake sibone ukuthi bangobani.

• Umhlengikazi Obhalisiwe Onomuthi Wokubulala Izinzwa (i-CRNA): Lo ngumhlengikazi obhalisiwe oqede uhlelo lokuqeqeshwa komuhlengikazi ogunyaziwe wokubulala izinzwa. Bangabahlengikazi (hhayi odokotela) abathole ukuqeqeshwa okuthuthukile ekuhlinzekeni ukunakekelwa kokubulala izinzwa. I-CRNA ivame ukusebenza ngaphansi kokuqondisa kukadokotela obulala izinzwa. Njengoba nje umhlengikazi osegumbini lesibhedlela engakunakekela ngaphansi kokuqondisa kukadokotela wakho ohlinzayo noma udokotela womndeni.
• Umsizi Oqinisekisiwe We-Anesthesiologist (CAA): Lona umhlinzeki wokunakekelwa osezingeni eliphakathi osebenza njenge-CRNA. Kodwa-ke, esikhundleni seziqu zobuhlengikazi, banesizinda sesayensi, njengeziqu zangaphambi kokwelashwa.
• Udokotela Obulala Izinzwa: Lona udokotela esikhulume ngaye ngaphambilini, oqeqeshwe ngokukhethekile nge-anesthesia ngemuva kwesikole sezokwelapha. Bathola iminyaka emine yokuqeqeshwa kwe-anesthesia ejwayelekile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, bangachitha unyaka noma emibili beqeqeshwa ekuqeqeshweni okungaphansi kwe-subspecialty ezindaweni ezifana ne-Pediatrics, Cardiac, Obstetrics, Intensive Care, noma Ukuphathwa Kobuhlungu.

Yimiphi imisebenzi yokuhlinzwa evamile kanye nezinqubo ezidinga udokotela obulala izinzwa?

Ukuhlinzwa okuningi kanye nezinqubo zezokwelapha zidinga uhlobo oluthile lwe-anesthesia kanye nobuchwepheshe be-anesthesiologist. Izinhlobo ze-anesthesia ezisetshenziswa yi-anesthesiologist yilezi:

• I-General Anesthesia - Lokhu kusho ukulahlekelwa ngokuphelele kwengqondo.
• Ukulala kancane - Lokhu kusho ukukuphoqa ukuba ulale kancane.
• I-Regional Anesthesia - Lokhu kusho ukudambisa indawo enkulu yomzimba.

Uma udinga kuphela umuthi wokubulala izinzwa wendawo ngento encane, udokotela okwenzayo uzokunika wona.

Ukuhlinzwa okuvamile okudinga i-anesthesia ejwayelekile:

• Ukuhlinzwa kwekhanda noma umhlane
• Ukuhlinzwa kwenhliziyo
• Ukuhlinzwa kwamaphaphu
• Izinqubo zokuhlinzwa esiswini sakho

I-Regional Anesthesia – okungukuthi, i-spinal anesthesia, i-epidural anesthesia, noma i-regional anesthesia block – isetshenziselwa ukuhlinzwa okuvamile:

• Ukuhlinzwa kwe-hip noma idolo
• Ukuhlinzwa kwesandla noma unyawo

Ukuphumula nge-IV – Lokhu kusho ukukunikeza imithi yokukuphumuza nokukugcina uphapheme emazingeni ahlukahlukene (lokhu kungase kuhilele noma kungahileli i-anesthesia yendawo) – Izinqubo ezivamile ezidingekayo:

• Ukuhlolwa kwengaphakathi le-trachea (i-bronchoscopy)
• Ukuhlolwa kwengaphakathi lamathumbu amakhulu (`Colonoscopy`)
• Ukuhlolwa kwengaphakathi lesinye (`i-Cystoscopy`)
• Ukuhlinzwa kwamazinyo
• Ukulungiswa kokuphuka kwamathambo okuncane
• Ukuhlinzwa kwesikhumba okuncane
• Ukuhlinzwa kwepulasitiki noma ukwakhiwa kabusha
• Ukuhlolwa kwengxenye engenhla yomgudu wokugaya ukudla (i-endoscopy ephezulu)

Odokotela bokubulala izinzwa yibo futhi abanikeza ama-epidural ukulawula ubuhlungu ngesikhathi sokubeletha kanye ne-anesthesia yokuhlinzwa (C-section) .

Yini okufanele uyilindele uma uya kudokotela wezinzwa?

Uzohlangana nodokotela wakho wezinzwa ezinsukwini ezimbalwa noma amasonto ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa kwakho. Ngaleso sikhathi, uzoqinisekisa ukuthi ukulungele ukuhlinzwa.

Imibuzo okufanele uyibuze

Bakubuza ngezinto ezifana nalezi:

• Injani impilo yakho iyonke ?
• Ingabe zikhona izimo ezithile zempilo ezazikhona kakade , isibonelo, isifo senhliziyo, isifo sikashukela, noma i-asthma?
• Izinhlobo zemithi oyithathayo (enqunywe udokotela, imithi ethengiswa ngaphandle kwemithi kadokotela, kanye nezithasiselo).
• Ziyini izifo zakho zokungezwani komzimba?
• Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi wena noma omunye umuntu emndenini wakho uke waba nezinkinga nge-anesthesia esikhathini esidlule. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu. Ikakhulukazi, kubalulekile ukutshela udokotela wakho uma uke waba nobunzima bokuvuka eku-anesthesia esikhathini esidlule, ubusebenzisa umshini wokuphefumula isikhathi eside kunokulindelekile, uke waba nokusabela okufana nomkhuhlane eku-anesthesia, noma uke waba nesicanucanu esikhulu nokuhlanza ngemva kokuhlinzwa.

Ukuhlolwa komzimba okwenziwe

Bazohlola lezi zinto ngawe:

• Indlela Yomoya - Lokhu kusho amazinyo akho, umphimbo, intamo kanye nezindawo zokungena ekhaleni.
• Inhliziyo.
• Amaphaphu.
• Ukushaya kwenhliziyo (`Ukushaya kwenhliziyo` / `Isilinganiso senhliziyo`).

Bazophinde babuyekeze ukuhlolwa kwegazi lakho, ama-X-ray, ama-ultrasound, kanye nemibiko ye-EKG (electrocardiogram) ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ulungele kahle ukuhlinzwa kwakho.

Ngemva kokucabangela konke lokhu, bazonquma uhlelo olufanele lokubulala izinzwa - kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ukubulala izinzwa okuvamile, ukubulala izinzwa kwesifunda, ukubulala izinzwa komgogodla, noma inhlanganisela yalokhu. Ungesabi ukubuza udokotela wakho wezifo ezibulala izinzwa imibuzo. Chaza ukuthi yini abayincomayo nokuthi yini ongayilindela.

Umuntu uba kanjani udokotela wezinzwa?

Ukuze ube yi-anesthesiologist, umuntu kufanele aqedele konke okulandelayo:

• Imfundo yangaphambi kokuthola ubudokotela yeminyaka emine eyunivesithi kanye neziqu ze-bachelor's.
• Imfundo yesikole sezokwelapha yeminyaka emine (`isikole sezokwelapha`) kanye neziqu zezokwelapha (`MD` noma `DO`).
• Ukuqeqeshwa okukhethekile kweminyaka emine kwe-postgraduate ('Residency') ohlelweni lokubulala izinzwa.
• Ngaphezu kwalokho, uma ufisa, ungathola futhi unyaka owodwa noma emibili yokuqeqeshwa okukhethekile (`ukuqeqeshwa kobudlelwano`) . Okusho ukuthi, emkhakheni okhethekile kakhulu njenge-cardiology, neurology, pediatrics, obstetrics kanye ne-gynecology, ukunakekelwa okujulile, noma ukuphathwa kobuhlungu.

Ngemva kwalokhu kuqeqeshwa kwe-postgraduate, odokotela abaningi be-anesthesiologists baba yi-American Board of Anesthesiology (ABA) eqinisekisiwe yibhodi ngokuthatha kokubili ukuhlolwa okubhaliwe nokwemlomo.

Njengabo bonke abanye ochwepheshe bezokwelapha, odokotela bezifo ezibulala izinzwa kumele babe khona emihlanganweni nasemakilasini kuyo yonke imisebenzi yabo ukuze bahlale benolwazi ngentuthuko entsha kanye nobuchwepheshe emkhakheni wabo. Abanye bahlanganyela ocwaningweni ukuze bathole izindlela ezintsha nezingcono zokuletha izinzwa.

Yiziphi izinto ezikhethekile emkhakheni we-anesthesiology?

Ezinye zezinto ezikhethekile emkhakheni we-anesthesiology yilezi:

• Ukuphathwa kobuhlungu
• Ukubulala izinzwa kwenhliziyo
• I-anesthesia yezingane
• I-Neuro-anesthesia
• Ukubulala izinzwa kokubeletha
• Ukunakekelwa okubucayi / okujulile
• Ukubulala izinzwa kwesifunda / Ukuphathwa kobuhlungu obukhulu
• Ukunakekelwa kwe-hospice kanye nokwelashwa kobuhlungu

Okokugcina, izinto okufanele uzikhumbule

Ukuhlinzwa noma inqubo enkulu yezokwelapha kungaba nzima kakhulu. Kodwa khumbula, udokotela wakho wezinzwa unolwazi namakhono akhethekile okukugcina uphephile ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa kwakho. Bazokwakha uhlelo lokubulala izinzwa oluklanyelwe wena ngqo.

Ungesabi ukubuza udokotela wakho wezinzwa imibuzo. Bakhona ukukusiza uzizwe ukhululekile futhi uqiniseka ngokuhlinzwa kwakho. Ukuphepha kwakho kubaluleke kakhulu kubo.

Ngakho-ke, ngesikhathi esizayo wena noma othile omaziyo kufanele ahlinzwe, manje usuyazi ngendima kadokotela wezinzwa, akunjalo? Ngiyethemba ukuthi kuzokuphumuza ingqondo.

Udokotela wezifo zokubulala izinzwa, ukuhlinzwa, ukuhlinzwa, ukuhlinzwa, ukuphathwa kobuhlungu, Udokotela wezifo zokubulala izinzwa