Ubuwazi ukuthi uma sigula, uma sibanjwa umkhuhlane, kuba nempi enkulu emizimbeni yethu? Izivikelo zomzimba wethu zilwa namagciwane, okungukuthi, abahlaseli, zisuka ngaphandle ngendlela engabonakali. Amasosha akhethekile nanekhono kakhulu kuleli butho lokuzivikela 'ngama-antibodies' esikhuluma ngawo namuhla. Ngaphandle kwalawa, ngisho nomkhuhlane omncane ungasifaka enkingeni enkulu.
Kalula nje, ayini la ma-antibodies?
Ukuze siqonde lokhu, ake sithathe isibonelo esincane. Cabanga ukuthi umzimba wakho uyizwe elivikelwe kahle. Amasela nezitha zingavela ngaphandle kwaleli zwe. Lokho kusho izinto ezifana namagciwane, amagciwane, isikhunta, kanye nobuthi. Sibiza noma yini eyingozi emizimbeni yethu futhi evela ngaphandle kwe-antigen ngokuthi . Kalula nje, i-antigen iwumhlaseli ongena emizimbeni yethu.
Manje, lapho lo mhlaseli (i-Antigen) engena emzimbeni, uhlelo lwethu lokuzivikela, uhlelo lokuzivikela, luyakubona. Luthumela ngokushesha isignali ethi, "Nangu umuntu ongaziwa!" Ngaleso sikhathi, uhlelo lwethu lokuzivikela lukhiqiza uhlobo olukhethekile lweprotheni olubizwa ngokuthi i-antibody ukulwa nalo mhlaseli nokulibhubhisa. Ngakho-ke, i-antibody ifana nephoyisa noma isosha emzimbeni wethu.
Elinye igama elisetshenziswa kuma-antibodies yi -Immunoglobulin . Ungase ulibone leli gama lifinyeziwe ngokuthi (Ig) kweminye yemibiko yakho yokuhlolwa kwegazi.
La ma-antibodies akhiqizwa kanjani? Asebenza kuphi?
Amaseli e-B, uhlobo lweseli elimhlophe legazi emzimbeni wethu, asebenza njengezimboni ezikhiqiza la ma-antibodies. Lapho i-antigen, noma igciwane, lihlangana neseli le-B, iseli le-B lihlukana ngokushesha futhi lenze izinkulungwane zamakhophi alo. Sibiza la maseli amasha ngokuthi amaseli e-plasma. Yilawa maseli e-plasma akhiqiza izigidi zama-antibodies futhi awakhulule egazini nasesimisweni se-lymph.
Lawa ma-antibodies abe esehamba emzimbeni wonke, efuna labo bahlaseli, ababambe, futhi ababhubhise.
Lawa ma-antibodies atholakala ezindaweni eziningi emizimbeni yethu:
- Egazini
- Isikhumba
- Emaphashini
- Ekhala izinyembezi
- Ematheni
- Ikakhulukazi obisini lwebele
Yebo, ubisi olujiyile olukhishwa ngumama ezinsukwini ezimbalwa zokuqala ngemva kokuzalwa komntwana, olubizwa ngokuthi i-colostrum, luqukethe inani eliphezulu kakhulu lama-antibodies. Yingakho ukuncelisa kukhulisa kakhulu amasosha omzimba womntwana. Ingane ithola izakhi zokuvikela emzimbeni kamama ngqo.
Kunezinhlobo ezi-5 zama-antibodies - akuzona zonke ezenza into efanayo!
Njengoba nje kunezinhlobo ezahlukene zama-regiment emabuthweni ethu okuphepha, ama-antibodies ahlukaniswe ngezinhlobo ezi-5 eziyinhloko. Uhlobo ngalunye lunendima ethile. Ake sibone ukuthi ayini.
| Uhlobo lwe-antibody | Umsebenzi oyinhloko kanye nokukhethekile |
|---|---|
| I-Immunoglobulin G (IgG) | Lolu uhlobo olutholakala kakhulu egazini lethu. Yilolu olukhumbula izifo zangaphambilini futhi olulungele ukulwa nazo uma igciwane elifanayo libuya. Lawa ma-antibodies e-IgG aphinde awele i-placenta futhi avikele umntwana osesibelethweni. |
| I-Immunoglobulin A (IgA) | Lezi zitholakala kakhulu olwelwesini lwamafinyila ekhaleni, emphinjeni, emaphashini, kanye nasemzimbeni wokugaya ukudla. Lokho kusho ukuthi ziyizindlela amagciwane angena ngazo emzimbeni. Ziningi futhi obisini lwebele. |
| I-Immunoglobulin M (IgM) | Uma ukutheleleka okusha kuhlasela umzimba, la masosha e-IgM yiwo aqala ukuya empini. Yingakho amazinga e-IgM ehlolwa ukuze kutholakale ukuthi ukutheleleka kwamuva nje kwenzeke yini. |
| I-Immunoglobulin E (IgE) | Laba yibo abadlala indima enkulu ekuguleni komzimba. Amazinga e-IgE ayanda lapho umzimba usabela ezintweni ezifana nothuli, impova, kanye nokudla okuthile. Aphinde alwe nezinambuzane. |
| I-Immunoglobulin D (IgD) | Lokhu kutholakala ngamanani amancane kakhulu egazini. Nakuba kukholakala ukuthi kusiza amaseli e-B ukusebenza, indima yawo eqondile isacwaningwa. |
Ama-antibodies enziwa elabhorethri? Ayini la ma-antibodies e-monoclonal?
Ngezinye izikhathi, ama-antibodies akhiqizwa yimizimba yethu ngokwemvelo angase angakwazi ukulwa nesifo. Ezimweni ezinjalo, ososayensi bakha uhlobo olukhethekile lwe-antibody elabhorethri. Lawa abizwa ngokuthi ama-Monoclonal Antibodies .
Lokhu kufana nokuthumela isibhamu esiqondisweni saso. Lawa ma-antibodies aklanyelwe ukuhlasela nokuhlasela iseli elithile kuphela (isib. iseli lomdlavuza) noma iphrotheni ebangela isifo esithile. Le ndlela yokwelapha ibizwa nangokuthi i-immunotherapy .
Le ndlela yokwelapha manje isetshenziswa ezifweni eziningi.
| Ezinye izimo lapho kusetshenziswa khona ukwelashwa kwe-antibody ye-monoclonal |
|---|
|
Ake sixoxe ngezinye izikhathi ezikhethekile.
Uma sikhuluma ngama-antibodies, kunezimo ezimbalwa esivame ukuzwa ngazo.
I-COVID-19 kanye nama-antibodies
Njengoba kuqubuke ubhubhane lwe-COVID-19, sonke saqala ukuzwa ngama-antibodies.
- Uma usululame ku-COVID-19, umzimba wakho usuvele unama-antibodies angalwa negciwane.
- Uma usuthole umuthi wokugomela i-COVID-19, uzophinde ukhuthaze ukukhiqizwa kwama-antibodies emzimbeni wakho.
- Into ebaluleke kakhulu: Lapho umuntu oselulame ku-COVID-19 ethola umuthi wokugomela, impendulo yalowo muntu yokulwa namagciwane iba namandla kakhulu. Isivikelo esinikezwayo naso sikhulu.
Ungathola ukuhlolwa kwe-antibody ukuze ubone ukuthi unama-antibodies e-COVID emzimbeni wakho. Kodwa-ke, ucwaningo lusaqhubeka ngokuthi la ma-antibodies ahlala isikhathi esingakanani emzimbeni.
Ama-Antibodies e-Thyroglobulin (Ama-Antibodies ahlasela i-thyroid gland)
Ngezinye izikhathi, amasosha omzimba wethu aqala ngephutha ukuhlasela izingxenye zomzimba wethu ezinempilo. Abantu abaningi abanezinkinga ze-thyroid banama-antibodies ahlasela i-thyroid gland yabo. Lawa abizwa ngokuthi ama-Thyroglobulin antibodies .Lokhu kungabangela ukuthi i-thyroid gland isebenze ngokweqile (hyperthyroidism) noma ingasebenzi kahle (hypothyroidism).
Uma udokotela wakho esola inkinga ye-thyroid, angase acele ukuhlolwa kwegazi ukuze kuhlolwe amazinga ala ma-antibodies.
Ama-Autoantibodies
Lena yingxenye eyinhloko yomqondo "wokuzihlasela" esikhulume ngawo ngaphambili. Ama-antibodies ethu aphazamisa amaprotheni kumaseli ethu anempilo ngokuthi "abahlaseli" bese eqala ukuwahlasela. Lawa ma-antibodies abizwa ngokuthi ama-autoantibodies .
Sibiza izifo ezibangelwa yilesi simo ngokuthi izifo zokuzivikela komzimba .
- I-Lupus
- Isifo Samathambo Esibangelwa Yi-Rheumatoid
- Isifo SikaHashimoto
- Isifo Sikashukela Sohlobo 1
Izibonelo zezifo ezinjalo zifaka: Ukuhlolwa kwe-ANA (Antinuclear Antibody) ukuhlolwa okuyinhloko okwenziwa uma kukhona okusolwayo ngesifo esinjalo.
Ukuthi nje ukuhlolwa kwe-ANA kuveze ukuthi unesifo sokuzivikela komzimba akusho ukuthi unesifo sokuzivikela komzimba. Kusho ukuthi udokotela wakho udinga ukusiphenya kabanzi. Ngakho-ke ungesabi ngombiko onjalo. Khuluma nodokotela wakho ngakho.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- Ama-antibodies amaprotheni akhiqizwa amasosha omzimba wethu asivikela kumagciwane, izifo kanye nobuthi.
- Into eyingozi emzimbeni wethu evela ngaphandle ibizwa ngokuthi i-antigen, kanti into ezama ukulwa nayo ibizwa ngokuthi i-antibody.
- Ubisi lwebele, ikakhulukazi i-colostrum, luhlinzeka ngesivikelo esibalulekile ezinsaneni ngoba lucebile ngama-antibodies.
- Ngezinye izikhathi ama-antibodies ethu angahlasela izingxenye zomzimba wethu ezinempilo. Lesi simo sibizwa ngokuthi izifo ezizimele.
- Uma unemibuzo noma ukukhathazeka mayelana nama-antibodies, amasosha omzimba, noma yiziphi izimo ezishiwo kulesi sihloko, sicela uxoxe ngazo nodokotela wakho.
💬 Comments (0)
No comments yet. Be the first to share your thoughts here.
Add Your Comment