Ungase uphuze imithi yokungezwani komzimba, i-asthma, ukuchama njalo, noma ukugula kokunyakaza. Nakuba imithi yesimo ngasinye ihlukile, iningi lale mithi lingaphansi kwesigaba esifanayo esikhulu semithi. Lelo uhlobo lwemithi esizokhuluma ngayo namuhla. Ibizwa ngokuthi ama-anticholinergics. Kungenzeka ukuthi awukaze uzwe ngaleli gama, kodwa kungenzeka ukuthi usuvele uphuze enye yalezi zinhlobo zemithi.
Kalula nje, yimiphi le mithi yokulwa ne-cholinergic?
Ukuze siqonde lokhu, ake siqale sixoxe kancane ngesimiso sezinzwa somzimba wethu. Amangqamuzana ezinzwa emzimbeni wethu ashintshana imiyalezo, njengomuntu othumela izincwadi. Sibiza amakhemikhali athwala le miyalezo ngokuthi ama-neurotransmitters. Esinye isithunywa esikhethekile yi -acetylcholine .
Isebenza ngokuyinhloko engxenyeni yeSistimu yethu Yezinzwa Ezimele. Ibizwa ngokuthi iSistimu Yezinzwa Ene-Parasympathetic. Nakuba igama lizwakala liyinkimbinkimbi kancane, umsebenzi walo ulula kakhulu. Yilokho okulungiselela umzimba wethu "Ukuphumula Nokugaya." Lokho kusho izinto ezifana nokuzola ukushaya kwenhliziyo yethu, ukukhipha amathe kanye nojusi wokugaya ukudla, kanye nokulawula ukusebenza kwesinyi.
Manje, lokho okwenziwa yimithi ye-Anticholinergic ukuthi iphazamisa umsebenzi walowo mthunywa obizwa ngokuthi i-Acetylcholine. Okusho ukuthi, iyawuvimba. Bese ezinye zezinqubo ezikusiza "ukuphumula nokugaya" ziyancipha kancane. Lokhu kuwusizo kakhulu kithi kwezinye izimo zezokwelapha.
Yiziphi izinhlobo zezifo ezisetshenziswa yile mithi?
Kunemithi engaphezu kuka-600 enezakhiwo zokulwa ne-cholinergic. Lesi yisenzo esiyinhloko semithi ethile. Kungaba futhi umphumela omubi weminye. Ake sibone ukuthi yiziphi izindlela eziyinhloko zokusebenzisa le mithi.
| Igama lomuthi (isibonelo) | Amacala asetshenziswa kakhulu |
|---|---|
| I-Atropine | Njengokwelashwa kwenhliziyo eshaya kancane ngendlela engavamile (i-bradycardia) kanye nezinye izifo ezibangelwa ubuthi. |
| I-Benztropine, i-Trihexyphenidyl | Ukulawula izimpawu ezifana nokuthuthumela okubangelwa yisifo sikaParkinson. |
| I-Diphenhydramine | Itholakala kumaphilisi amaningi okungezwani komzimba kanye namanye amaphilisi okulala. |
| I-Ipratropium, i-Tiotropium | Itholakala kuma-inhaler asetshenziselwa izifo zokuphefumula ezifana ne-asthma kanye ne-COPD. |
| I-Oxybutynin, i-Solifenacin, i-Tolterodine | Iphinde isetshenziswe njengokhilimu wokulawula ukuchama njalo (Urge Incontinence) kanye nokufinyela kwemisipha yesinye. Iphinde isetshenziswe njengokhilimu wokwelapha ukujuluka ngokweqile (Hyperhidrosis). |
| I-Scopolamine | Inikezwa isicanucanu nokuhlanza okwenzeka lapho usohambweni (isicanucanu). |
| I-Glycopyrrolate, i-Vecuronium | Isetshenziselwa ukunciphisa ukuvuza kwamathe ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa kanye nokukhubazeka kwemisipha ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa. |
Ngaphezu kwalokho, eminye imithi yokucindezeleka, imithi yengqondo, kanye neminye imithi yokungezwani komzimba (ama-antihistamine) ingaba nalesi sici se-anticholinergic njengomphumela ongemuhle.
Yiziphi izinzuzo nemiphumela emibi yalolu hlobo lomuthi?
Izinzuzo
Le mithi inezinzuzo eziningi. Ngezinye izikhathi isindisa impilo . Isibonelo, uma kudliwa ubuthi obufana nesibulala-zinambuzane, kunikezwa umuthi obizwa ngokuthi i-Atropine njengokwelashwa. Lo muthi usiza futhi ukubuyisela izinga lokushaya kwenhliziyo lapho lehla ngendlela eyingozi.
Okubalulekile:Uma othile edla ubuthi, thatha isiguli ngokushesha uye esibhedlela esiseduze i-Emergency Treatment Unit (ETU). Kubalulekile futhi ukushayela ucingo i-National Poisons Information Centre e-Colombo National Hospital ukuze uthole ulwazi olwengeziwe.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, lo muthi uyasiza futhi ekuthuthukiseni ikhwalithi yezimpilo zethu. Cabanga nje, kuhle kangakanani kumuntu owayevame ukugwema ukuya ohambweni ngoba esaba ukuhlanza, ukukwazi ukuphuza iphilisi elincane bese eya kulolo hambo ngaphandle kwezinkinga? Ngokufanayo, lo muthi usiza umuntu owayevame ukwesaba ukuya endlini yangasese njalo, ukuba aphile impilo ejwayelekile.
Okuqhamuka uma udla imishanguzo
Njenganoma yimuphi umuthi, le mithi yokulwa ne-cholinergic ingabangela imiphumela emibi. Kodwa-ke, akuwona wonke umuntu oyitholayo, futhi ingahluka kuye ngomthamo, iminyaka yomuntu, kanye nezinye izimo zezokwelapha. Abantu asebekhulile banamathuba amakhulu okubhekana nale miphumela emibi.
Nasi icebo elincane lokukhumbula le miphumela emibi:
- "Kushisa njengonogwaja" - Ukushisa komzimba okwenyukayo.
- "Impumputhe njengelulwane" - Izimbotshana zamehlo ziyavuleka, okubangela ukubona okufiphele.
- "Komile njengethambo" - ukwehla kokukhiqizwa kwamathe nezinyembezi.
- "Okubomvu njenge-beet" - Ukubomvu kwesikhumba.
- "Uhlanya njengesigqoko" - ukudideka, izinkinga zenkumbulo.
| Imiphumela emibi evamile | Incazelo elula |
|---|---|
| Umlomo Owomile | Ukungakhululeki okubangelwa ukwehla kokukhiqizwa kwamathe. |
| Umbono Ofiphele | Ubunzima bokubona eduze ngenxa yobukhulu bomfundi. |
| Ukungakwazi ukuchama (Ukugcinwa Komchamo) | Ubunzima bokukhipha umchamo ngokuphelele ngenxa yokukhululeka kwemisipha yesinye. |
| Ukuqunjelwa | Ukunciphisa ijubane lezinqubo zokugaya ukudla. |
| Ukudideka/Ukuphazamiseka Kwengqondo | Kungenzeka ikakhulukazi kubantu abadala. |
| Inhliziyo esheshayo (i-Tachycardia) | Ukuzwa kwenhliziyo ekhuphukayo. |
Kufanele ngimbone nini udokotela?
Uma usebenzisa lolu hlobo lomuthi, qiniseka ukuthi ukhuluma nodokotela wakho ezimweni ezilandelayo:
- Uma umuthi owuthathayo ungakulethi impumuzo oyifunayo.
- Uma unenkinga yokusebenzisa umuthi njengoba nje udokotela ekuyalile.
- Uma imiphumela emibi yomuthi iphazamisa imisebenzi yakho yansuku zonke (isibonelo, uma unenkinga yokudla ngenxa yomlomo owomile, noma uma unenkinga yokushayela noma yokufunda incwadi ngenxa yokungaboni kahle).
Okubaluleke kakhulu, ungalokothi uyeke ukuthatha noma yimuphi umuthi noma ushintshe umthamo ngaphandle kokubonisana nodokotela wakho kuqala. Ukwenza kanjalo kungenza isimo sakho sibe sibi kakhulu.
Uma unemibuzo mayelana nale mithi, ungesabi ukubuza udokotela womndeni wakho. Angachaza ukuthi yikuphi ukwelashwa okukulungele, izinzuzo zako kanye nemiphumela yako emibi.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- Imithi yokulwa ne-cholinergics iyisigaba esivamile semithi esetshenziselwa ukwelapha izimo ezahlukahlukene, okuhlanganisa ukungezwani komzimba, i-asthma, isifo sikaParkinson, kanye nezinkinga zomchamo.
- Lokhu kusebenza ngokuvimbela isenzo sesithunywa samakhemikhali esibizwa ngokuthi i-acetylcholine ohlelweni lwezinzwa lomzimba.
- Imiphumela emibi efana nomlomo owomile, ukubona okufiphele, ukuqunjelwa, kanye nokudideka ingase ivele. Le ngozi iphezulu kakhulu kubantu asebekhulile.
- Ungalokothi uyeke ukuthatha noma yimuphi umuthi noma ushintshe umthamo ngaphandle kweseluleko sikadokotela.
- Uma unenkinga ngemithi yakho noma imiphumela yayo emibi, umuntu ongcono kakhulu ongakhuluma naye udokotela wakho.
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