Kungani imithi ngezinye izikhathi ingasebenzi? (Ukumelana nama-Antimicrobial) Ake sifunde ngakho kalula!

Ingabe ngezinye izikhathi ucabanga ukuthi, "Hawu, kulokhu umuthi ngeke uqede ukugula?" Noma wake waba necala lapho uqhubeka uphuza umuthi udokotela wakho awunike wona, kodwa ukugula kwakho akuzange kuphele? Mhlawumbe isizathu salokhu siyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu kunalokho ocabanga. Namuhla sizokhuluma ngesihloko esibaluleke kakhulu. Leso yisimo esaziwa ngokuthi yi -Antimicrobial Resistance .

Kuyini Ukumelana Nemithi Yokulwa Namagciwane?

Kalula nje, ukumelana nama-antibiotic ukungakwazi komuthi ukusebenza ngokumelene negciwane . Lawa ma-microorganism amancane kakhulu, angabonakali. Ngokuvamile siwabiza ngokuthi "amagciwane." Lokhu kufaka phakathi amabhaktheriya, isikhunta, amagciwane, kanye nezinambuzane . Lawa ma-germs abangela izifo ezahlukahlukene. Ngakho-ke, lapho lokhu kumelana nama-antibiotic kukhula, kuba nzima kakhulu kodokotela ukwelapha ezinye izifo.

Cabanga ngale ndlela. Uma igciwane livezwa ngokuphindaphindiwe emuthini ofanayo, liba "elimelana" nalo. Njengathi, bathola izindlela zokuzivikela. Bashintsha imizimba yabo, okwenza bakwazi ukubalekela imithi eyayisetshenziswa ngaphambili ukuyibulala noma ukuyivimba ukuthi ingazali. Yilokhu esikubiza ngokuthi "ukumelana." Kukhona amagciwane amelana hhayi nomuthi owodwa kuphela, kodwa nemithi eminingi. Siwabiza ngokuthi "ama-superbugs."

Into ebalulekile ukuthi lokhu kumelana nama-antibiotic kwenzeka kumagciwane, hhayi emzimbeni wakho. Akuwona umzimba wakho omelana nemithi, amagciwane abangela lesi sifo amelana nemithi.

Ziyini lezi zidakamizwa zokulwa namagciwane?

Ama-antibiotic yimithi elwa nezifo ezibangela ukutheleleka. Kunezinhlobo eziningana eziyinhloko zawo:

• Ama-antibiotic: Lawa anikezwa izifo ezibangelwa amagciwane.
• Imithi Yokulwa Nesikhunta: Imithi enikezwa izifo zesikhunta.
• Ama-antiparasites: Imithi enikezwa izifo ezibangelwa ama-parasites (isb., imithi enikezwa umalaleveva).
• Ama-antiviral: Imithi enikezwa izifo ezibangelwa amagciwane (isb., yezifo ezifana nomkhuhlane).

Lawa ma-antibiotic asebenza ngezindlela ezahlukene ukubulala amagciwane noma ukuwavimba ukuthi angasabalali. Ngezinye izikhathi angena ngaphakathi kwamangqamuzana egciwane ahlasele izingxenye ezisiza igciwane ukuthi likugulise, noma ahlasele izingxenye ezisiza igciwane ukuthi lenze amakhophi amaningi alo.

Cabanga ngalesi sibonelo. Usekhishini uyapheka. Ngifuna ukukuvimba. Ngemuva kwalokho ngingangena ekhishini lakho ngibhubhise isithako osisebenzisayo ukupheka ukudla, noma ngikuvimbele ekusebenziseni isitofu.

Ngakho-ke, uma sebethole ukumelana namagciwane, bangenza izinto ezifana nalezi:

• Ngingavimbela (okungukuthi, umuthi) ukuthi ungangeni ekhishini (okungukuthi, iseli legciwane).
• Ungangixosha ekhishini.
• Ngingazibhubhisa izikhali (izithako ezisebenzayo emithi) engizisebenzisayo ukuvimba ingadi yazo.
• Ngingashintsha izinto engiziqondisa (izingxenye zegciwane) ukuze izikhali zami (imithi) zingasebenzi. Isibonelo, bashintsha izithako abazisebenzisayo kancane, noma bashintsha isitofu ukuze ngingakwazi ukusivimba.
• Bashintsha indlela abalungiselela ngayo ukudla, mhlawumbe besebenzisa izithako ezahlukene noma benze isidlo ngaphandle kokusebenzisa isitofu.

Lokhu kumelana nama-antibiotic kusebenza kanjani?

Kunezizathu eziningana eziyinhloko zokuthi kungani umuthi ungase ungasebenzi ngenxa yokumelana nama-antibiotic:

• Umuthi uvimba igciwane ukuthi lingangeni esitokisini, njengokuvaleka komnyango.
• Umuthi ongene egciwaneni uyasuswa.
• Umuthi uyashintsha noma uyabhubhisa.
• Zishintsha ingxenye yegciwane uqobo, ngakho umuthi awukwazi ukuyihlasela.
• Bathola indlela yokuphila noma yokuzala ngendlela entsha engahlobene nemithi.

Yiziphi izinhlobo zokumelana nama-antibiotic?

Ukumelana nama-antibiotic kungahlukaniswa ngezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko: ukumelana kwangaphakathi kanye nokumelana kwangaphandle/okutholakale . Uma sivame ukukhuluma "ngokumelana nemithi," sibhekisela kulokhu kumelana okutholakele.

• Ukumelana kwangaphakathi: Lokhu kusho ukuthi amanye amagciwane anekhono langaphakathi lokumelana nemithi ethile. Kuyisici semvelo saleyo gciwane. Isibonelo, ezinye izinhlobo zamagciwane zinodonga lweseli oluqinile kakhulu amanye ama-antibiotic angenakungena kulo.
• Ukumelana Okutholiwe (Ukumelana Kwangaphandle): Lokhu kwenzeka lapho igciwane lizishintsha kamuva bese liba nokumelana nomuthi owawusebenza ngaphambilini. Lapho igciwane lithelela, lezi zinguquko zidluliselwa enzalweni yalo. Futhi, amanye amabhaktheriya angadlulisela lezi zinguquko kwamanye amabhaktheriya aseduze nawo. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi (ukudluliswa kwezakhi zofuzo okuvundlile) .

Ezinye izibonelo zokumelana nama-antibiotic

Nazi ezinye izibonelo zokumelana nama-antibiotic:

• Amabhaktheriya amelana nama-antibiotic: Izibonelo zifaka phakathi amabhaktheriya afana ne-(MRSA - Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus), (CREs - Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriales), kanye ne-(Pseudomonas aeruginosa).
• Isikhunta esingamelani nemithi yokukhunta: Izibonelo zifaka phakathi (i-Candida auris) kanye (i-Aspergillus fumigatus).
• Amagciwane amelana nemithi yokulwa namagciwane: Izibonelo zifaka phakathi i-HIV, umkhuhlane, kanye nezinye izinhlobo zegciwane le-Hepatitis C.
• Izimbungulu ezingamelani nemithi yokulwa nezimbungulu: Isibonelo, ezinye izinhlobo zezimbungulu ezibangela umalaleveva, i-leishmaniasis, kanye ne-trypanosomiasis.

Kodwa khumbula lokhu. Ukuthi unesifo kulolu hlu akusho ukuthi kuyisifo esingamelani nemithi. Kunezinhlobo zala magciwane ezingamelani nemithi, kanti kunezinhlobo ezivamile ezingamelani nemithi.

Iyini imbangela eyinhloko yokumelana nama-antibiotic?

Amagciwane akhula ukumelana nezidakamizwa hhayi ngesizathu esisodwa, kodwa ngezizathu eziningi. Ngezinye izikhathi, ashintsha ngokwemvelo, avumele ukuba ahlale ndawonye nezinye izinto eziphilayo. Ngezinye izikhathi, athuthukisa izindlela zokuzivikela ezidakamizweni. Lapho amagciwane esakazeka, lezi zinguquko eziwasiza ukuba amelane nezidakamizwa zidluliselwa esizukulwaneni sawo esilandelayo.

Ngokuvamile, lokhu kumelana nama-antibiotic kukhula kakhulu ezibhedlela nasezikhungweni zezempilo. Ngenxa yokuthi kunezinhlobo eziningi ezahlukene zemithi esetshenziswa kulezo zindawo, amabhaktheriya ikakhulukazi aba nokumelana naleyo mithi. Lokhu kuyinto okunzima kakhulu ukuyivimbela.

Futhi, ukusetshenziswa kwama-antibiotic kwezolimo (isib. ukufafaza ama-fungicide ezitshalweni, ukunikeza izilwane ama-antibiotic) kuyimbangela enkulu yokuthuthukiswa kwalokhu kumelana.

Sikuvimbela kanjani lokhu kumelana nama-antibiotic?

Kuneziqondiso ezithile okumele zilandelwe abahlinzeki bezempilo, okuhlanganisa odokotela nabahlengikazi, ukuze bavimbele lokhu kumelana nama-antibiotic. Ezinye zazo zifaka:

• Geza izandla zakho kahle ngaso sonke isikhathi.
• Ukubulala amagciwane ezindaweni.
• Ukunikeza imithi yokulwa namagciwane kuphela uma kuziwa ezifweni ezibangelwa amagciwane ( ama-antibiotic awasizi ezifweni ezibangelwa amagciwane, isibonelo, umkhuhlane ovamile).
• Ukuhlanza kahle imishini yezokwelapha.
• Ukuhlola iziguli kanye nezivakashi esibhedlela uma kukhona izinsolo zokusabalala kwegciwane elingamelani nalesi sifo.
• Ukuhlukaniswa/ukuhlukanisa abantu abanezifo ezingamelana negciwane ukuze bagweme ukusabalala kwabanye.

Nakuba odokotela nabasebenzi basesibhedlela benza lezi zinto, kunezinto eziningi ongazenza ukuze usize ngalokhu futhi.

Izinto ongazenza:

• Thatha yonke imithi oyinikezwe udokotela wakho, njengoba nje uyalelwe, futhi ngesikhathi.
• Ikakhulukazi uma uthatha ama-antibiotic , qiniseka ukuthi uqeda yonke inkambo yokwelashwa enqunywe udokotela.Ngisho noma uzizwa ungcono ngemva kwezinsuku ezimbili noma ezintathu, ungayeki ukuthatha umuthi. Uma wenza kanjalo, amagciwane angakafi ngokuphelele angase aqine futhi abe nokumelana nomuthi.
• Ungathathi ama-antibiotic ngaphandle kokuthi uwadinga ngempela. Izifo eziningi zokuphefumula, njengomkhuhlane kanye ne-flu, zibangelwa amagciwane. Ama-antibiotic awawelapha. Ngakho-ke ungamphoqi udokotela wakho ukuthi akunike ama-antibiotic .
• Ungasebenzisi imithi yabanye abantu. Umuthi onikezwe umngane ungase ungakusebenzeli.
• Geza izandla zakho kahle ngensipho namanzi njalo. Lokhu kungenye yezinto ezilula kakhulu ezingasiza ekuvimbeleni izifo eziningi.

Uhlola kanjani ukumelana nama-antibiotic?

Uma unesifo esingaphenduli emithini, udokotela wakho angase acabange ukuthi unesifo esingamelani naso. Bangase bahlole izinhlobo ezahlukene zemithi ngokumelene negciwane elibangela ukutheleleka. (Lokhu kwenziwa ngokuthatha isampula yegazi lakho noma olunye uketshezi lomzimba.) Lokhu kungabasiza ukuthola umuthi osebenza kahle ekuthelelekeni kwakho. Kodwa lokhu kuhlolwa ngezinye izikhathi kungathatha isikhathi.

Ukwelapha kanjani ukutheleleka okubangelwa yigciwane elingamelani nama-antibiotic?

Amabhaktheriya amelana nama-antibiotic ayingozi kakhulu ngoba kunzima kakhulu ukuwaphatha. Odokotela bazama ukuthola umuthi osebenza ngokumelene namabhaktheriya athile abangele ukutheleleka. Ngezinye izikhathi kungadingeka ukuthi uthathe inhlanganisela yemithi . Isibonelo, ukuthatha izinhlobo ezahlukene zama-antibiotic ndawonye.

Ubani osengozini enkulu yokuthola ukutheleleka okumelana nama-antibiotic?

Ungase ube sengozini enkulu yokuthola ukutheleleka okumelana nalesi sifo uma:

• Uma une -catheter, ipayipi lokuphefumula, noma ipayipi lokuncelisa elifakwe emzimbeni wakho, amagciwane angangena kalula emzimbeni wakho ngalezi zinto.
• Uma usuthathe ama-antibiotic isikhathi eside, noma uma uwasebenzisa njalo. Ukuchayeka isikhathi eside kuma -antibiotic kwandisa amathuba okuba amabhaktheriya abe nokumelana nawo. Lokhu kungabulala amabhaktheriya "amahle" (angenabungozi) emzimbeni wakho, okuvumela amanye amagciwane ukuba akhule kakhulu futhi abangele ukutheleleka.
• Uma unesimiso somzimba sokuzivikela esibuthakathaka ngenxa yesimo sezempilo esicashile. Isibonelo, uma unegciwane lesandulela ngculaza, umdlavuza wegazi, noma isifo sikashukela, noma uma uke wafakelwa isitho noma wafakelwa i-stem cell. Ngaphansi kwalezi zimo, umzimba wakho uba nesikhathi esinzima sokulwa nezifo.
• Uma ulaliswe esibhedlela isikhathi eside noma esikhungweni sokunakekelwa kwesikhathi eside.Amagciwane angakhula kalula ukumelana nezifo ezindaweni zokunakekelwa kwempilo.

Ekugcineni, kufanele ngithi...

Odokotela nososayensi basebenza ngokuzikhandla ukuthola izixazululo zenkinga yokumelana nama-antibiotic. Kodwa sonke singenza ingxenye yethu. Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuphuza imithi yakho njengoba nje udokotela wakho ekuyala, futhi kuphela uma uyidinga ngempela, ikakhulukazi ama-antibiotic . Uma unakekela umuntu onesimiso somzimba esibuthakathaka, noma othile esibhedlela noma esikhungweni sokunakekelwa kwesikhathi eside, qaphela kakhulu. Khumbula, ngisho nezinto ezincane njengokugeza izandla zakho zingenza umehluko omkhulu. Masibambisane sonke ukulwa nale nkinga.

Ukumelana nama - antibiotic, Ukumelana nama-antimicrobial, amagciwane, amabhaktheriya, amagciwane, isikhunta, izidakamizwa, izifo, ama-superbugs