Ingabe igazi liyabuya esangweni lenhliziyo yakho? Ake sixoxe nge-Aortic Regurgitation!

Wake wacabanga ukuthi kunamasango amancane ngaphakathi ezinhliziyweni zethu avumela igazi ukuba ligeleze ohlangothini olulodwa kuphela? Yebo, lokho kuyiqiniso. Kodwa-ke, ngezinye izikhathi la masango angaba nokuvuza okuncane. Yileso simo esizokhuluma ngaso namuhla, esibizwa ngokuthi `(Aortic Regurgitation). Kalula nje, isango elimpompa igazi emthanjeni wegazi oyinhloko wenhliziyo alivaleki kahle, futhi elinye igazi livuza libuyele enhliziyweni. Ungakhathazeki, sizoxoxa ngalokhu ngokuningiliziwe.

Kuyini `(Ukuvuselelwa Kwemithambo Yegazi)`? Ake sikuqonde kalula!

Cabanga ukuthi kunesango eliyinhloko enhliziyweni yakho, esilibiza ngokuthi `(i-Aortic Valve)`. Leli liphakathi kwenhliziyo yakho ne `(i-Aorta)`, umthambo wegazi omkhulu kunayo yonke emzimbeni. Njalo lapho inhliziyo yakho ishaya, igazi elihlanzekile, elinomoya-mpilo lidlula kule `(i-Aorta)` liye kuwo wonke umzimba.

Ngakho-ke, lapho igumbi eliyinhloko lokupompa lenhliziyo, i-ventricle yesobunxele, lifinyela, leli valve le-aorta liyavuleka ukuze kukhishwe igazi. Bese kuthi, lapho i-ventricle yesobunxele ikhululeka, leli valve kufanele livaleke kahle. Yilapho igazi ligeleza khona ngqo ngaphandle kokubuyela enhliziyweni.

Kodwa-ke, kumuntu one-Aortic Regurgitation, i-Aortic Valve ayivali kahle. Lokhu kusho ukuthi njalo lapho i-ventricle yesobunxele iphumula, igazi elithile livuza liphinde lingene kulelo gumbi. Nakuba lokhu kuyinkinga yangempela, ngenhlanhla, odokotela banezindlela zokuyelapha.

Ukubuyela emuva kwe-Aortic kungenye yezinhlobo ezivame kakhulu zesifo se-valve yenhliziyo. Kungaba nzima kakhulu kusukela kokuncane kuya kokubi kakhulu . Ngezinye izikhathi odokotela bakubiza nangokuthi i-Aortic Insufficiency.

Yiziphi izinhlobo eziyinhloko ze-`(Aortic Regurgitation)`?

Odokotela bahlukanisa i-Aortic Regurgitation ngezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko:

1. Uhlobo oluphuthumayo: Lesi yisimo esiphuthumayo, esiphuthumayo.

2. Uhlobo olungapheli: Lesi yisimo esikhula kancane kancane ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Lolu hlobo olungapheli luvame ukubonakala emazweni afana ne-United States.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, odokotela bangahlukanisa lesi simo ngokwezigaba, kuye ngohlobo lwenkinga. Baphinde bahlukanise lesi sifo ngezigaba A, B, C, kanye no-D, kuye ngokuthi sinzima kangakanani . Isigaba D yisona sigaba esinzima kakhulu.

Ziyini izimpawu ze-`(Aortic Regurgitation)`?

Hlola ukuthi unanoma yiziphi zalezi zimpawu:

• Ukuzwa ubuhlungu noma ukuqina esifubeni .
• Nginomkhuhlane.
• Ukuzizwa ukhathele ngaso sonke isikhathi.
• Ukushaya kwenhliziyo kwenzeka lapho inhliziyo ishaya ngendlela engavamile, njengokuphaphazela.
• Ngezinye izikhathi ungase ulahlekelwe ingqondo (i-syncope).
• Ungase ube nokuphefumula okunzima (ukuphelelwa umoya) ngesikhathi sokuzivocavoca. Kamuva, ungase ube nokuphefumula okunzima ngenkathi ulele phansi noma uzama ukulala.
• Amaqakala nezinyawo ziyavuvukala (i-edema).

Kodwa khumbula,Uma une-aorta engapheli futhi engapheli, ungase ungabi nazimpawu isikhathi eside. Izimpawu zizovela kancane kancane njengoba isimo siba sibi kakhulu.

Yiziphi izimbangela ze-`(Aortic Regurgitation)`?

Kunezizathu eziningana ezingase zibangele lesi simo. Ake sibheke ukuthi ziyini:

• Ukuncipha kwevalvu ngokukhula: Lena yimbangela evame kakhulu eMelika nasemazweni aseNtshonalanga Yurophu.
• Isifo Senhliziyo Esihambisana Nesifo Sokuqaqamba Kwamalunga: Lesi yisona sizathu esihamba phambili emazweni amaningi asathuthuka. Sibangelwa umkhuhlane wamalunga, owenzeka ngemva kokutheleleka komphimbo okungalashwanga.
• Umfutho wegazi ophezulu.
• I-Endocarditis: Lokhu kuvame ukubangelwa ukutheleleka okungena egazini.
• Ukulimala esifubeni: Isibonelo, into efana nengozi yemoto.
• I-Aneurysm ye-Thoracic Aortic.
• Ukusikwa kwe-Aorta.
• Ukukhubazeka okuthile kokuzalwa kwe-Aortic Valve: Isibonelo, isimo esibizwa ngokuthi i-Bicuspid Aortic Valve. Lokhu kusho ukuthi i-valve, okufanele ibe nama-cusps amathathu, inama-cusps amabili kuphela.

Ubani osengozini enkulu yalesi simo?

Izinguquko ezithile ku-aortic valve yakho kanye nezinye izimo zempilo zingandisa ingozi yakho yokuthola lesi sifo se-valve esivuzayo. Ungase ube sengozini uma:

• Uma une-`(Bicuspid Aortic Valve)` noma enye inkinga ye-valve yokuzalwa: Abantu abane-`(Bicuspid Aortic Valve)` bavame ukuqala ukuvuza le valve phakathi kweminyaka engama-20 nengama-40.
• Ukwakheka kwe-calcification yamapheshana e-aortic valve: Abantu abanale nkinga bavame ukuba ngaphezu kweminyaka engama-60 ubudala, futhi bangase babe nenkinga yama-valve angaphezu kweyodwa.
• Ukuba nesimo esithinta i-aorta esiholela enhliziyweni (i-Aortopathy).
• Uma uke waba nomkhuhlane wamathambo ngaphambilini noma uke watholakala unesifo senhliziyo samathambo.
• Uma wake wafakelwa i-aortic valve ngaphambili: Ngezinye izikhathi i-bioprosthetic valve ingaba yinto engasebenzi kahle kancane kancane ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Yiziphi izinkinga ezingaba khona ze-Aortic Regurgitation?

Cabanga nje, lapho i-`(Aortic Valve)` ivuza, igazi elengeziwe libuyela ku-`(Left Ventricle)` yenhliziyo. Ngemuva kwalokho, igumbi lokupompa ligcwala igazi. Ngenxa yalokho, i-`(Left Ventricle)` kufanele isebenze kanzima ukubhekana naleli gazi elengeziwe futhi ipompe inani legazi elidingekayo ku-`(Aorta)`.

Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, lokhu kungabangela ukuthi izindonga zemisipha ye-ventricle yesobunxele ziqine futhi zibe zinkulu. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi i-Left Ventricular Hypertrophy. Lokhu kunciphisa ukusebenza kahle kwenhliziyo.

Lokhu kungaholela kwezinye izinkinga ezifana nokwehluleka kwenhliziyo kanye nokuphazamiseka kwe-arrhythmia.

Ukubuyela kwe-aorta okubukhali kungaholela ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu ezifana nokuvuvukala kwamaphaphu kanye nokwehla kokuphuma kwenhliziyo.

Lesi sifo sitholakala kanjani?

Odokotela baxilonga i-Aortic Valve Regurgitation ngokuhlolwa ngokomzimba kanye nokuhlolwa okuhlukahlukene.

Ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa ngokomzimba, udokotela wakho uzokwenza okulandelayo:

• Khuluma ngomlando wakho wezokwelapha.
• Izimpawu ezibalulekile ziyahlolwa, njengomfutho wegazi lakho.
• Udokotela wakho uzolalela inhliziyo yakho nge-stethoscope bese ehlola umsindo ohlukile obizwa ngokuthi i-aortic regurgitation murmur. Lo msindo ubangelwa igazi elibuyela emuva kwi-ventricle yesobunxele.

Uma ulinganisa umfutho wegazi, uma kukhona igebe elikhulu (elingaphezu kuka-40 mmHg) phakathi kwamanani aphezulu naphansi, lokhu futhi kuyisibonakaliso sokuthi ivalvu ye-aorta ingase ivuza.

Yiziphi izivivinyo ezenziwayo ukuze kutholakale `(Aortic Regurgitation)`?

Ukuhlolwa okuyinhloko okusetshenziselwa ukuxilonga lesi sifo futhi okubhekwe njenge "standard gold" ukuhlolwa kwe-"Echocardiogram" noma kwe-"Echo". Lokhu kusebenzisa amaza omsindo avame kakhulu "i-Ultrasound" ukuthatha izithombe zenhliziyo. Udokotela angasebenzisa izindlela ezahlukene, njenge-"Doppler Ultrasound", ukuhlola ukusebenza kwama-valve akho. I-"Doppler Ultrasound" ikhombisa isivinini kanye nesiqondiso sokugeleza kwegazi enhliziyweni.

Ezinye izivivinyo ezingadingeka ukuze kutholakale lesi sifo noma kuhlelwe ukwelashwa yilezi:

• I-X-ray yesifuba
• I-Electrocardiogram (ECG/EKG)
• Ukuhlolwa kwe-MRI yenhliziyo
• I-Angiogram ye-Coronary
• I-CT scan yenhliziyo
• Ukuhlolwa Kokucindezeleka Kokuzivocavoca

Iphathwa kanjani i-Aortic Regurgitation?

Ukubuyela kwe-aorta kungelashwa ngemithi noma ngokuhlinzwa . Uma unesifo esibi kakhulu, uzodinga ukwelashwa ngokushesha.

Kuye ngobukhulu besimo sakho, ungase udinge ukuhlinzwa ukuze kulungiswe noma kushintshwe ngokuphelele i-aortic valve yakho. Udokotela wakho uzokuxilonga bese enquma ukuthi ukuhlinzwa kuyadingeka yini. Bazochaza nezinzuzo nezingozi zokuhlinzwa kuwe. Izinto ezifana nokusetshenziswa kukagwayi nezinye izimo zezokwelapha ezingalawulwa zingandisa izingozi zokuhlinzwa futhi zenze inqubo yokululama ibe nzima.

Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuxoxa nodokotela wakho ukuthi ukuhlinzwa kulungile yini kuwe nokuthi yiziphi izingozi.

Uma ukuhlinzwa kwe-valve kungeyona inketho yakho, udokotela wakho angase akunike imithi yokusiza ukuphatha ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo yakho nokuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yokuphila kwakho. Eminye imithi inganciphisa ingozi yakho yokuqhekeka kwegazi kanye nesifo sohlangothi. Kodwa khumbula, yize imithi ingalawula izimpawu, ayikwazi ukuvimba noma ukwelapha ukubuyiselwa kwe-aorta okukhulu.

Yiziphi izinkinga noma imiphumela emibi yokwelashwa?

Abantu abaye balungiswa noma bashintshwa ivalvu ye-aorta bangadinga ukuhlinzwa okunye esikhathini esizayo. Kukhona nezingozi ezifana nalezi:

• Isifo sohlangothi
• Isifo senhliziyo
• Ukopha
• Ukutheleleka
• Ukuphazamiseka kwenhliziyo `(Arrhythmia)`

Ngemva kokushintsha ivalvu ye-aorta, kuzodingeka uthathe imithi yokunciphisa igazi (ama-anticoagulants) ukuvimbela ukuqhekeka kwegazi. Lokhu kungathathwa izinyanga eziningana (ngamavalvu e-bioprosthetic enziwe ngengulube, inkomo, noma izicubu zomuntu) noma impilo yonke (ngamavalvu omshini). Kwezinye izimo, ivalvu eshintshiwe inganyakaza noma ivuze.

Uma une-valve entsha, udokotela wakho angase akucebise ukuthi uthathe ama-antibiotic ngaphambi kokuya kudokotela wamazinyo. Lokhu kungasiza ekuvimbeleni ukukhula kokutheleleka enhliziyweni (i-endocarditis).

Ingabe i-Aortic Regurgitation ingavinjelwa?

Isifo se-valve yenhliziyo asikwazi ukuvinjelwa ngaso sonke isikhathi. Kodwa-ke, ungenza lezi zinto ukuze unciphise ingozi yakho:

• Gwema ukusebenzisa imikhiqizo kagwayi.
• Gwema ukusebenzisa izidakamizwa.
• Yenza umsebenzi womzimba njengoba kunconywe udokotela wakho.
• Uma ugula noma ungenwa yisifo, xhumana nodokotela ngokushesha.
• Phuza yonke imithi yakho ngendlela efanele, kuhlanganise naleyo yomfutho wegazi ophakeme.
• Uma i-aorta yakho ivulekile, nciphisa ukuphakamisa okunzima.

Hlobo luni lwekusasa umuntu ono-`(Aortic Regurgitation)` angalulindela?

Ungaba nokubuyela kwe-aorta okungapheli iminyaka eminingi ngaphandle kwezimpawu. Kodwa-ke, kungaba kubi kakhulu ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Ungase ukubone uma uqala ukuba nenkinga yokuphefumula noma ubuhlungu besifuba.

Umbono wakho uncike ezintweni eziningi, ezinye zazo yilezi:

• Isikhathi lapho waqala khona ukuba nezimpawu.
• Ukuthi lesi sifo sesiqhubekele phambili kangakanani.
• Ingabe unezinkinga zenhliziyo.
• Isikhathi othole ngaso ukwelashwa.
• Impilo yakho iyonke.

Ucwaningo lukhombisile ukuthi abantu abahlinzwa esikhundleni se-valve ngaphambi kokuba inhliziyo ihluleke ukusebenza kahle banombono omuhle wesikhathi eside, noma ngabe isimo sabo sibi kakhulu. Kubantu abanenkinga yokwehluleka kwenhliziyo, umbono ungase ube mncane kancane.

Abantu abanokubuyela kwe-aorta okungekubi kakhulu kuya kokuphakathi baphila kahle ngemva kokwelashwa. Izinga labo lokusinda iminyaka eyi-10 liphakathi kuka-80% no-95%.

Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukukhuluma nodokotela wakho ngamathemba akho esikhathi esizayo. Udokotela wakho ukwazi kangcono wena nomlando wakho wezokwelapha, ngakho angasebenzisa lolo lwazi ukukunikeza umbono walokho ongakulindela.

Ngizinakekela kanjani?

Landela imiyalelo kadokotela wakho yokuzinakekela, okuhlanganisa imithi kanye nezinguquko zendlela yokuphila. Ngokuvamile, kubalulekile ukuphuza yonke imithi yakho njengoba uyalelwe futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo nsuku zonke . Udokotela wakho angase futhi ancome ezinye izinguquko zendlela yokuphila, okuhlanganisa:

• Ukudla ukudla okunempilo kwenhliziyo: Isibonelo, i-Mediterranean Diet. Udokotela wakho angakutshela nokuthi unciphise inani likasawoti olidlayo.
• Zivocavoce njalo: Buza udokotela wakho ukuthi ungenza ukuzivocavoca okungakanani nokuthi yiziphi izinhlobo zokuzivocavoca eziphephile.
• Gwema ukubhema noma ukusebenzisa eminye imikhiqizo kagwayi: Cela usizo lokuyeka.
• Gwema ukusebenzisa izidakamizwa: Ikakhulukazi izidakamizwa ezifakwa ngemithambo yegazi (imithi ye-IV), njengoba zandisa ingozi ye-endocarditis.
• Nakekela kahle amazinyo nezinsini zakho ukuze uvimbele ukutheleleka kwe-valve yenhliziyo (i-endocarditis): Lokhu kuhlanganisa nokuvakashela udokotela wamazinyo njalo ezinyangeni eziyisithupha.

Kufanele ngimbone nini udokotela wami?

Uma une-Aortic Regurgitation, kubalulekile ukugcina ama-aphoyintimenti akho ukuze udokotela wakho akwazi ukuqapha isimo sakho. Udokotela wakho uzokutshela ukuthi kufanele uye kangaki.

Ukuze uhlole ukusebenza kwama-valve akho kanye nenhliziyo yakho, kuzodingeka wenze i-"Echocardiogram" njalo ngezikhathi ezithile (njalo ezinyangeni eziyisithupha kuya eminyakeni emihlanu). Ukuvakashela njalo udokotela kubalulekile ukuze kutholakale noma yiziphi izimpawu zokuthi "i-Aortic Regurgitation" iya iba yimbi. Ngale ndlela, ungathola ukwelashwa ngesikhathi esifanele futhi uvimbele ukulimala okungapheli enhliziyweni yakho.

Uma uke wahlinzwa i-valve yenhliziyo, landela isimiso sokulandelela sikadokotela wakho ngokucophelela. Udokotela wakho uzokuqapha eduze ukuqinisekisa ukuthi inhliziyo yakho isebenza kahle nokuthi awubi nokwehluleka kwenhliziyo noma ezinye izinkinga.

Uma uba nezimpawu ezintsha, uma izimpawu ezikhona ziba zimbi kakhulu, noma uma unemibuzo ngesimo sakho, shayela udokotela wakho nganoma yisiphi isikhathi.

Kufanele ngiye nini eMnyangweni Wezimo Eziphuthumayo (i-ETU) ?

Uma unezimpawu zokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo noma isifo sohlangothi, shayela u-911 noma inombolo yakho yezimo eziphuthumayo yendawo ngokushesha. Lezi yizimo eziphuthumayo ezisongela impilo futhi zidinga ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha okusheshayo.

Yimiphi imibuzo okufanele ngiyibuze udokotela wami?

Ukuphila nesifo se-valve yenhliziyo kungaba yinto ekucindezelayo. Ungase ube nemibuzo eminingi ngesimo sakho, kodwa ungase ungazi ukuthi uqale kuphi. Nansi eminye imibuzo ongayibuza udokotela wakho ukuze afunde kabanzi:

• Sibi kangakanani isimo sami '(Aortic Regurgitation)'?
• Ingabe nginezinye izinkinga ze-valve yenhliziyo?
• Ingabe ngidinga ukwelashwa? Uma kunjalo, nini?
• Kuhlanganisani ukwelashwa?
• Kukangaki ngidinga ukuza ngezikhathi zokulandelela?
• Yiziphi izinguquko zendlela yokuphila okufanele ngizenze ukuze ngisekele impilo yenhliziyo yami?

Ingabe isimo esincane esibizwa ngokuthi `(Aortic Regurgitation)` sihlala siba sibi kakhulu?

Abantu abangaphezu kuka-25% abanenkinga yokusebenza kahle kwe-ventricular yangakwesobunxele baba nezimpawu zingakapheli nonyaka. Kodwa-ke, ocwaningweni lwabantu abanokubuyela kwe-aorta okulinganiselwe kuya kokuphakathi, iningi labantu alizange libhekane nanoma yikuphi ukuba kubi kwesimo sabo. Ucwaningo lwabalandela cishe iminyaka emihlanu. Ngakho-ke, akuwona wonke umuntu oba mubi kakhulu, kodwa kubalulekile ukuhlolwa njalo.

Ingabe Ukubuyela Kwe-Aortic Kuyingozi Empilweni?

Uma isimo sibi kakhulu futhi senzeka ngokuzumayo, singaba yingozi empilweni. Singabangela ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo, ischemia yenhliziyo, noma ngisho nokufa ngokuzumayo. Uma unezimpawu ezihambisana nokubuyela emuva okukhulu, okungazelelwe, udinga ukuhlinzwa ngokushesha.

Okokugcina, okufanele ukukhumbule (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

Ukwazi ukuthi une-aortic valve evuzayo kungaba yinto eyesabekayo futhi ungase uzibuze ukuthi ikusasa liphetheni. Kodwa-ke, izindaba ezinhle ukuthi ngentuthuko yesayensi yezokwelapha, abantu abaningi abane-aortic regurgitation bangasizwa.

Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukungesabi noma ungakhathazeki, kodwa ukukhuluma nodokotela wakho ngezinketho zakho zokwelashwa bese nixoxa ngokuthi yikuphi okungcono kakhulu kuwe. Ngokuthola ukwelashwa ngesikhathi esifanele nangokulandela iseluleko sikadokotela wakho, ungaphila impilo enempilo. Nakekela inhliziyo yakho!

ukubuyiselwa kwe - aorta yomthambo wegazi, isifo se-valve yenhliziyo, isifo senhliziyo, ukuphelelwa umoya, ubuhlungu besifuba, i-echocardiogram, ukuhlinzwa kwenhliziyo