Umphimbo Obuhlungu Ne-Strep Throat: Konke Okudinga Ukukwazi Ngokwelashwa Kwabo eNingizimu Afrika

Abantu abaningi bacabanga ukuthi uma umphimbo wakho ubuhlungu, okudingeka ukwenze nje ukuphuza itiye elishisayo noju noma ukugarga ngamanzi anosawoti ebusuku, bese kuthi ngakusasa ekuseni yonke into iphele bha. Kodwa thina dokotela siyazi ukuthi lokho akulona iqiniso ngaso sonke isikhathi, ikakhulu uma kuziwa esifweni esiyingozi esibizwa nge-strep throat. Ake sikhulume ngalokho namuhla, siphinde sibonisane ngendlela yokuthi ungazivikela kanjani wena nomndeni wakho eNingizimu Afrika. Ingabe uke waba nomphimbo obuhlungu ngokuzumayo wazizwa ugula kancane? Mhlawumbe ingane yakho encane ibuya esikoleni ikhala ngobuhlungu emphinjeni. Uma kungesona nje isifo esijwayelekile somphimbo, kungaba yisimo esibizwa ngokuthi i-strep throat. Namuhla, ake sixoxe ngokuthi iyini i-strep throat, ukuthi iqala kanjani, yiziphi izimpawu, nokuthi ungayinakekela kanjani ngendlela efanele.

Yini i-Strep Throat futhi ibangelwa yini empilweni yansuku zonke?

I-strep throat yisifo esibangelwa yibhaktheriya eyingozi ebizwa nge-Group A Streptococcus ehlasela ngqo ama-tonsils kanye nomphimbo wakho, okubangela ubuhlungu obukhulu, ukuvuvukala, amabala amhlophe, kanye nomkhuhlane odinga ukwelashwa ngama-antibiotic odokotela basemtholampilo wangakini ngokushesha. Kulula nje ukuyiqonda uma sibheka ukuthi le bhaktheriya ihluke kanjani kumkhuhlane ojwayelekile. Kalula nje, i-strep throat iyisifo sama-tonsils akho (okungama-lymph nodes ngemuva komlomo wakho) emphinjeni wakho. Uma une-strep throat, ama-tonsils akho avuvukala kakhulu futhi abe bomvu ngokukhanyayo. Lokhu kuvuvukala kuvame ukusabalala endaweni ezungeze umphimbo wakho wonke, yingakho umphimbo wakho ubuhlungu kakhulu kangaka. Lokhu sikubiza ngokuthi ukutheleleka komphimbo, futhi odokotela ngezinye izikhathi bakubiza nge-pharyngitis.

Bheka ukuthi kwenzekani lapha. Ibizwa ngokuthi umphimbo we-strep ngenxa yohlobo lwamagciwane oluyibangela. Leyo yi-Group A Streptococcus bacteria. Kunezinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-120 ezahlukene zaleli qembu lebhaktheriya kuphela. Ngakho-ke, i-strep throat iyisifo esibangelwa yilolu hlobo lwe-streptococcal noma i-GAS infection. Into ebaluleke kakhulu okufanele uyazi ukuthi uma umphimbo obuhlungu ungelashwa kahle, ngezinye izikhathi kungaholela ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu njengomkhuhlane wamathambo (rheumatic fever). Umkhuhlane wamathambo yisifo esiyingozi kakhulu esingabangela umonakalo ongapheli enhliziyweni yakho kanye nam valve ayo. Ngakho-ke, uma unalezi zimpawu, kubalulekile kakhulu ukubona udokotela womndeni noma uvakashele umtholampilo wangakini ngokushesha ukuze uthole ukuxilongwa nokwelashwa okufanele. Ngokwelashwa okufanele ngama-antibiotic, umphimbo wakho kufanele uphele zingakapheli izinsuku ezingu-7 kuya kwezingu-10, akunjalo?

Ubani onamathuba amaningi okuthola umphimbo obuhlungu?

Ucabangani ngalokho? Wake wazibuza ukuthi kungani abanye abantu behlaselwa kakhulu yile nkinga kunezinye izikhathi? Izingane zesikole, ezisaphila ezigabeni zeminyaka emi-5 neyi-15, zisengozini enkulu kakhulu yokuthola i-strep throat. Kodwa-ke, izingane zakubo, abazali bazo, othisha ezikoleni, noma omunye umuntu osondelana kakhulu nengane enalesi sifo naye angayithola kalula kakhulu. Cabanga nje, uma ingane yakho iya esikoleni saseKZN noma eGaugteng and iyiletha ekhaya, kulula kakhulu ngabanye abantu endlini ukuyithola ngoba lolu hlobo lwebhaktheriya luyasabalala.

Ngokufanayo, abantu abahlala ezindaweni ezinabantu abaningi, njengezikhungo zokunakekela izingane (daycares), izikole zokuhlala, amakolishi, kanye nezindawo zamasosha noma amahostela, nabo banamathuba amaningi okuthuthukisa lesi sifo ngoba zisakazeka ngokushesha kakhulu kusuka komunye umuntu kuya komunye ngamaconsi okuphefumula noma ngokuxhumana okusondele. Khumbula ukuthi sishilo ekuqaleni ukuthi indawo enabantu abaningi yenza amagciwane athole ithuba lokugqiba kalula, akunjalo?

Kuvame kangakanani umphimbo we-strep?

Eqinisweni, kuvame kakhulu kunalokho ongakucabanga nsuku zonke. Odokotela emhlabeni wonke kanye nakuleli zwe lethu laseNingizimu Afrika babika amacala amasha amaningi kakhulu minyaka yonke. I-strep throat iyimbangela ehamba phambili yezifo zomphimbo emphakathini wethu. Ngisho nakwamanye amazwe, i-strep throat ibangela u-5% kuya koka-15% wezinkinga zomphimbo kubantu abadala kanye no-15% kuya koka-35% wezifo zomphimbo ezinganeni. Isimo siyefana nasendaweni yakithi lapha eKZN naseGauteng lapho sizwa khona ngeziguli eziningi eziza emtholampilo zikhala ngobuhlungu obufanayo.

Ziyini izimpawu zomphimbo obuhlungu?

Izimpawu zokuqala zomphimbo obuhlungu ziwukuqala ngokuzumayo komphimbo obuhlungu ongakwazi ukuwubekezela. Kanye nalokho, ungase ube nomkhuhlane ophakeme ngokushesha okukhulu. Izinga lokushisa lomzimba wakho lizophakama kakhulu ngosuku lokuqala noma lwesibili ngemva kokutheleleka. Ezinye izimpawu ezingase zibonakale zifaka ukugodola okungenhla, ikhanda elibuhlungu kakhulu, ukulahlekelwa isifiso sokudla, isisu esibuhlungu (ikakhulu ezinganeni), kanye nokuzizwa ungenakho ukunethezeka.

Into ebalulekile okufanele uyikhumbule futhi ungayikhohlwa: Umphimbo obuhlungu obangelwa yi-strep ngokuvamile awubangeli ukukhwehlela. Uma ukhwehlela kakhulu futhi unezinye izimpawu zomkhuhlane ezifana nekhala eligobhozayo noma amehlo abomvu, kungenzeka ukuthi ukutheleleka kwakho kungamagciwane avamile (viral infection), hhayi i-strep throat yebhaktheriya. Futhi, abanye abantu, ikakhulu abadala, bangase bangabi nazo izimpawu eziningi ngisho nangemva kokuthola le bhaktheriya, okwenza kube lula ukuyidlulisela kwabanye ungazi.

Unjani umphimbo obuhlungu? Uzizwa kanjani?

Wake wazibuza ukuthi ungabona kanjani umehluko ngokubheka ngaphakathi emlonyeni? Uma une-strep throat, umphimbo wakho nama-tonsils akho kungase kubonakale kubomvu ngokukhanyayo, kuvuvukile kakhulu, futhi kubuhlungu uma uthinta entanyeni. Ngezinye izikhathi ungase ubone namabala amhlophe, amachashazi amancane, noma imicu yobomvu emphinjeni wakho nasema-tonsils. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ungase ube namabala abomvu amancane ophahleni lomlomo wakho, abizwa ngokuthi ama-petechiae.

Kuye ngohlobo lwebhaktheriya eliyibangelayo, ungase ube nokuqubuka kwesikhumba okubizwa ngokuthi i-scarlet fever. Lokhu kuvuvukala kwesikhumba kuvame ukuqala entanyeni nasesifubeni, kodwa kamuva kungasakazekela kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba. Leli gciwane le-Group A Streptococcus lingaphinde libangele ukutheleleka esikhumbeni sakho libangele nezilonda ezibizwa ngelika-impetigo. Nakuba umphimbo obuhlungu ngokuvamile kuyisifo esincane uma selashwa ngendlela efanele, ukutheleleka kungaba buhlungu kakhulu futhi kungakhululeki. Ama-lymph nodes entanyeni yakho angase avuvuke kakhulu futhi abe nobuhlungu uma uwathinta ngeminwe. Kungase kube buhlungu kakhulu nokugwinya noma yikuphi ukudla noma amanzi.

Umphimbo ovuvukalayo ukhula kanjani?

Umphimbo obuhlungu ubangelwa ngqo yilolu hlobo lwebhaktheriya olubizwa ngokuthi i-Group A Streptococcus. Yilokhu okwenza umphimbo obuhlungu we-strep uhluke kakhulu kwezinye izinkinga zomphimbo, njengoba eminye imiphimbo ebuhlungu eminingi ibangelwa amagciwane nje ajwayelekile ahamba nomkhuhlane. Ibhaktheriya iyaphindaphindeka ngokushesha emqoka wama-tonsils, ikhiphe ubuthi obenza leyo ndawo ibe bomvu futhi ibuhlungu kakhulu.

Ingabe i-strep throat iyathelelana?

Yebo, impela! Umphimbo we-strep uyisifo esithathelwanayo kakhulu phakathi kwabantu. Abanye abantu banalesi sifo kodwa ababonisi zimpawu nhlobo noma bayagula kancane kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, noma ungenazo izimpawu ezinkulu, ungasidlulisela kalula komunye umuntu lesi sifo ngaphandle kokwazi. Kodwa-ke, abantu abagulayo ababonisayo izimpawu zokugula banamathuba amaningi okusisabalalisa kunabantu abangaguli.

Isakazeka kanjani i-strep throat?

Umphimbo we-strep usakazeka kalula kakhulu kusuka kumuntu kuya komunye, ikakhulukazi phakathi kwabantu abahlala endlini eyodwa noma abasebenza ndawonye. Kunezindlela ezimbili eziyinhloko ongasakaza ngazo amagciwane abangela umphimbo we-strep kwabanye: amaconsi okuphefumula kanye nokuxhumana okuqondile kwezinto.

Amabhaktheriya abangela umphimbo obuhlungu avame ukuhlala ekhaleni lakho nasemphinjeni. Uma uthimula, ukhwehlela, noma ukhuluma nje, ungasakaza ukutheleleka ngamaconsi amancane okuphefumula emoyeni. Nansi indlela abanye abangakuthola ngayo lokhu kutheleleka:

• Ngokuphefumula lawo maconsi anamagciwane emoyeni.
• Ngokuthinta indawo engcoliswe yilawo maconsi bese uthinta ikhala noma umlomo wakho ngezandla.
• Ukwabelana ngezinto zomuntu siqu (isibonelo, ukuphuza amanzi engilazini eyodwa noma ukusebenzisa isipuni esifanayo). Isibonelo, uma othile ehhovisi noma ekhaya ene-strep throat futhi uphuza itiye enkomishini ayisebenzisile, ungase utheleleke kalula.
• Amabhaktheriya angaphinde ahlale ezilondeni ezithelelekile esikhumbeni. Abanye bangathola ukutheleleka ngokuthinta izilonda zomunye umuntu noma ukuthinta uketshezi oluvela kulezo zilonda.

I-strep throat ithelelana isikhathi esingakanani?

Isikhathi sokufukamela umphimbo obuhlungu, okungukuthi isikhathi esisuka lapho uthelelekile khona kuya lapho uqala khona ukuzwa izimpawu, cishe izinsuku ezimbili kuya kwezinhlanu. Usengasabalalisa ukutheleleka kwabanye ngisho nangesikhathi sokuqala ngaphambi kokuba ubone ukuthi uyagula. Kodwa into enhle ukuthi, uma usuqale ukuthatha ama-antibiotic emtholampilo, ngeke usathelelana cishe emva kwamahora okuqala angu-24 kuya kwangu-48 okwelashwa.

Uyixilonga kanjani i-strep throat?

Uma ucabanga ukuthi wena noma ingane yakho une-strep throat, kufanele nakanjani uvakashele udokotela womndeni noma umtholampilo wangakini. Udokotela uzobuza ngezimpawu zakho ngokuningiliziwe futhi ahlole umphimbo wakho ngelambu. Bangase bakunike nokuhlolwa kwe-strep okukhethekile. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ukutheleleka ngegciwane kuyaye kube nezimpawu ezifanayo ne-strep throat. Yingakho kubalulekile ukuthola ukuhlolwa kwe-strep ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ngempela unebhaktheriya le-Group A Streptococcus emphinjeni wakho ngaphambi kokuqala imithi.

Kuyini Ukuhlolwa Kwe-Strep?

Ukuhlolwa komphimbo obuhlungu kuhlola igciwane le-Group A Streptococcus ngqo ngemuva komphimbo wakho. Ukuhlolwa akubuhlungu nhlobo - nakuba kungaba yinto engakhululeki kancane kwabanye abantu ngenxa yokuthinta ulimi noma umphimbo - futhi kuthatha isikhathi esincane kakhulu. Udokotela noma umhlengikazi usebenzisa i-swab ende yekotini ukuze afake i-swab ngemuva komphimbo wakho nasezinhlangothini zama-tonsils. Ngemuva kwalokho, kusetshenziswa i-swab ukwenza ukuhlolwa okusheshayo kwe-strep (rapid strep test), noma i-swab ithunyelwa elabhorethri ukuze ihlolwe ngokunzulu okubizwa ngokuthi i-throat culture.

Ukuhlolwa okusheshayo kwe-strep kuthatha cishe imizuzu engama-20 kuphela emtholampilo. Uma ukuhlolwa kutholakala ukuthi kunegciwane, kusho ukuthi une-strep throat futhi udokotela angakunikela ama-antibiotic ngokushesha. Uma ukuhlolwa kungenayo igciwane kodwa udokotela esabheka ukuthi kungenzeka, angase athumele i-throat swab elabhorethri ukuze kuhlolwe "umphimbo culture" ukuze kuqinisekiswe imiphumela. Kwi-throat culture, uchwepheshe ucwilisa i-swab endaweni ekhethekile yokukhulisa amabhaktheriya, kuthatha usuku olulodwa noma ezimbili ukubona ukuthi amabhaktheriya e-strep ayakhula yini.

Ulapha kanjani umphimbo obuhlungu?

Ukwelashwa kwe-strep throat kufaka phakathi ama-antibiotic, okuyimithi ebalulekile ebulala amagciwane abangela lokhu kutheleleka. I-Penicillin ne-amoxicillin yiwona ma-antibiotic avame ukusetshenziswa odokotela emhlabeni wonke nakuleli zwe lethu ukwelapha i-strep throat ngempumelelo enkulu. Uma une-allergy ku-penicillin, udokotela wakho uzokhetha elinye i-antibiotic elifanele elinjenge-azithromycin noma i-erythromycin.

Udokotela wakho angakunika umjovo owodwa wama-antibiotic noma akunike amaphilisi noma isiraphu okufanele uyiphuze ekhaya. Ngokuvamile kuzodingeka uphuze umuthi izinsuku eziyi-10 ezigcwele. Kufanele ngaso sonke isikhathi uphuze umuthi njengoba nje udokotela noma usokhemisi ekutshelile. Ngisho noma uqala ukuzizwa ungcono ngemva kwezinsuku ezimbili, ungaze uyeke! Kufanele uphuze umuthi uze uqede yonke inkambo (course). Ngisho noma uzizwa ungcono, amabhaktheriya amancane angase asele semzimbeni wakho futhi abuyisele isifo uma ungawaqedi kahle.

Ingabe umphimbo obuhlungu ungalapheka ebusuku?

Ngeshwa, umphimbo obuhlungu owenziwe yile bhaktheriya ngeke ukwazi ukwelapheka ngokobusuku obubodwa. Lolu hlobo lombuzo luyajwayelekile kwiziguli eziningi ezifunafuña usizo olusheshayo. Njengoba umphimbo obuhlungu ubangelwa yibhaktheriya ephilayo, udinga ama-antibiotic ukuze uqothulwe ngokuphelele. Uma usuqale ukuthatha ama-antibiotic, uzoqala ukuzizwa ungcono kakhulu zingakapheli izinsuku ezimbili. Kuze kube yileso sikhathi, ungakwazi ukulawula izimpawu zakho ekhaya ngokuphuza uketshezi olufudumele, ukudla ukudla okuthambile, nokusebenzisa imithi yobuhlungu enjenge-paracetamol evela ekhemisi.

Umphimbo obuhlungu uhlala isikhathi esingakanani?

Kufanele uqale ukuzizwa ungcono zingakapheli izinsuku ezimbili kusukela uqale ukusebenzisa ama-antibiotic omtholampilo. Izimpawu eziningi ze-strep throat kufanele ziphele ngokuphelele zingakapheli izinsuku eziyi-7 kuya kweziyi-10 uqede umuthi wakho wonke njengoba uyaliwe.

Ngingabuyela nini emsebenzini/esikoleni?

Umthetho omkhulu esiwunika iziguli wukuthi uma ungenawo umkhuhlane futhi usuphuze ama-antibiotic okungenani amahora angama-24 aphelele, ungabuyela emisebenzini yakho evamile noma esikoleni. Lokhu kubalulekile ukuze ungatheleli abanye abantu endaweni yomsebenzi noma esikoleni.

Ingabe umphimbo obuhlungu uyaphola ngokwawo?

Abantu abaningi bayazibuza ukuthi kumele yini baye kodokotela noma kungadlula kodwa. Nakuba ezinye izifo ezincane zomphimbo zingadlula zize zidle, i-strep throat ayilona uhlobo olungabuyiselwa emuva kalula ngaphandle kwama-antibiotic. Ukuyiyeka ingelashwa kungandisa ingcuphe yezinkinga ezinzima emzimbeni, njengomkhuhlane wamathambo kanye nezifo zezintso. Ngakho-ke, ukubona udokotela kuyisinyathelo esibalulekile kunokulinda ukuthi kuphole kodwa.

Yiziphi izinkinga ezingaba khona zomphimbo obuhlungu?

Uma i-strep throat ingelashwa kahle ngamabhaktheriya afanele, ingaholela ezinkingeni eziningi ezinzima ezingathinta impilo yakho yesikhathi eside. Nazi ezinye zazo:

• Umkhuhlane wamathambo (Rheumatic Fever): Lesi yisifo esingathi sína esingalimala inhliziyo namahlonipho ayo, amalunga omzimba, nesistimu yezinzwa.
• Izifo zezintso (Post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis): Ukutheleleka okungase kulimaze izinso zakho futhi kubangele ukuvuvukala nomchamo ongajwayelekile.
• Ukutheleleka kwezindlebe noma kwamase sinus: Amabhaktheriya angasakazekela ezindlebeni noma emaphakathini nezindawo seduze namase sinus.
• Ama-abscesses emphinjeni (Peritonsillar abscess): Ukwakheka kobovu olukhulu eduze kwama-tonsils okudinga ukwelashwa okuphuthumayo esibhedlela.

Ungakuvimbela kanjani umphimbo obuhlungu?

Ukugomela noma ukuzivikela ku-strep throat kudinga imikhuba emihle yezempilo yansuku zonke. Nazi izindlela ezinhle esizikhuthaza eNingizimu Afrika:

• Geza izandla zakho njalo ngensipho namanzi ahlanzekile imizuzwana engama-20, ikakhulu ngaphaphambi kokudla noma ngemva kokuthimula.
• Vala umlomo wakho nge-tissues noma ngendololwane yakho uma uthimula noma ukhwehlela.
• Ungabi nasibindi sokwabelana ngezitsha zokudla, izipuni, noma izinkomishi zokuphuza nabanye abantu, ikakhulu uma kukhona ogulayo endlini.
• Hlanza izindawo ezingcoliswa kakhulu ekhaya nasemsebenzini njalo ngamakhambi okubulala amagciwane.

Nansi itafula eliqhathanisa umehluko phakathi komphimbo obuhlungu obangelwa ibhaktheriya (Strep Throat) kanye nomphimbo obuhlungu obangelwa amagciwane ajwayelekile (Viral Sore Throat):