Ubuwazi ukuthi umthambo wegazi oyinhloko emzimbeni wethu ufana nombhobho wamanzi oyinhloko ohambisa amanzi edolobheni? Lo mthambo wegazi yilowo othwala igazi elihlanzekile, elinomoya-mpilo elisuka enhliziyweni liye emzimbeni wonke. Ngakho-ke cabanga ukuthi hlobo luni lwengozi olungenzeka uma lo mthambo oyinhloko ubungase ube buthaka endaweni eyodwa bese uqala ukukhukhumala njengebhaluni. Namuhla sizokhuluma ngesifo esibi kangaka, kodwa esivame ukungabi namsindo. Ngokwezokwelapha, lokhu sikubiza ngokuthi 'i-Ascending Aortic Aneurysm'.
Kalula nje, iyini le Ascending Aortic Aneurysm?
Lokhu kungase kuzwakale njengegama eliyinkimbinkimbi, kodwa kulula kakhulu ukuliqonda.
Ake siqale sichaze leli gama.
- I-Aorta: Yilokhu engikushilo ekuqaleni, umthambo wegazi omkhulu nobaluleke kakhulu emzimbeni wethu. Uqala enhliziyweni yethu.
- Ukukhuphuka kwe-Aorta: Lena yingxenye ekhuphukayo ye-aorta eseduze nenhliziyo.
- I-Aneurysm: Lena indaba yangempela . Lokhu kwenzeka lapho indawo ebuthakathaka odongeni lomthambo wegazi iqhuma. Kufana "nebhamuza" eliphuma ethayini emotweni.
Kalula nje, i-Ascending Aortic Aneurysm yisimo lapho udonga lwengxenye yokuqala ye-aorta oluqala enhliziyweni yethu luba buthakathaka futhi luqhume njengebhaluni. Lesi simo ngezinye izikhathi sibizwa ngokuthi i-Ascending Thoracic Aortic Aneurysm (ATAA) ngoba senzeka endaweni yesifuba.
Ingozi enkulu ukuthi le ndawo evuvukele ingadabula noma iqhume nganoma yisiphi isikhathi. Uma lokho kwenzeka, kungabangela ukopha okukhulu emzimbeni, okungaba kubi kakhulu futhi kube yingozi ngisho nokuphila.
Ubani osengozini enkulu yokuthola lesi simo?
Nakuba lesi simo singase senzeke kunoma ubani, abanye abantu basengozini enkulu. Ake sibheke ukuthi bangobani. Cabanga ngokuthi la maqiniso ayasebenza yini kuwe.
| Isici sengozi | Incazelo elula |
|---|---|
| Ubudala nobulili | Amadoda angaphezu kweminyaka engama-60 nabesifazane abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-70 basengozini enkulu. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi izindonga zemithambo yethu yegazi ziya ngokuya ziqina futhi ziguquguquka ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. |
| Umlando Womndeni | Uma othile emndenini wakho, ikakhulukazi isihlobo esiseduze (umama, ubaba, izingane zakini), eke waba ne-aneurysm efana nale, usengozini enkulu. Lokhu kungaba nethonya lofuzo. |
| Ezinye izimo zenhliziyo | Le ngozi iphezulu kakhulu kulabo abanesifo sokuzalwa esibizwa ngokuthi i-Bicuspid Aortic Valve (i-valve yenhliziyo evame ukuba nama-cusps amathathu kodwa ama-cusps amabili kuphela). |
| Ukuphazamiseka Kwezicubu Ezixhumeneyo | Abantu abanezimo zofuzo ezithinta amandla ezicubu zomzimba, njenge- Marfan Syndrome , kungenzeka ukuthi babuthakathaka izindonga zemithambo yegazi. |
| Umfutho Wegazi Ophakeme | Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu. Umfutho wegazi ophezulu usho ukuthi igazi lihlala lihamba ngaphansi komfutho wegazi ophezulu ngaphakathi kwemithambo yegazi. Lo mfutho wegazi ungalimaza izindonga zemithambo yegazi futhi uzibuthakathaka ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. |
| Ukubhema | Ukubhema kungenye yezimbangela ezinkulu zokulimaza imithambo yegazi. Amakhemikhali akugwayi alimaza ngqo izindonga zemithambo yegazi, ayenze ibe buthaka futhi ayenze ibe sengozini enkulu yokukhukhumala. |
Cishe ama-60% azo zonke i-thoracic aortic aneurysms zenzeka ku-ascending aorta. Ngokwezibalo, lesi simo sithinta abantu abangaba yi-10 kwabayi-100,000 minyaka yonke.
Kungani lokhu kwenzeka? Yiziphi izizathu?
Noma yini ebuthakathaka noma eyonakalisa izindonga zomthambo wegazi ingabangela lokhu. Njengoba siguga futhi sinesifo senhliziyo, imithambo yethu ilahlekelwa ukunwebeka kwayo. Bese, ayikwazi ukumelana nokucindezela kwegazi eligeleza kuyo, bese iqala ukukhukhumala ezindaweni ezibuthakathaka.
Kunezizathu eziningana eziyinhloko ezithinta lesi simo:
- I-Atherosclerosis: Simane sikubiza lokhu ngokuthi "ukuqongelela kwamafutha emithanjeni yegazi." Ngale ndlela, izinto ezifana ne-cholesterol zinganqwabelana ezindongeni zemithambo yegazi, ziyenze iqine futhi zibe buthaka.
- I-Aortitis: Lokhu ukuvuvukala kwe-aorta. Kungabangelwa izifo ezithile noma izinkinga zesistimu yomzimba.
- Isifo se-aortic valve ye-bicuspid: Njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili, lesi yisici sokuzalwa se-valve yenhliziyo. Abantu abanalesi simo basengozini enkulu kakhulu yokuthola ukuqhekeka kwe-aortic.
- Izinkinga Zofuzo:
- I-Marfan Syndrome: Isifo esenza buthaka izicubu zomzimba ezixhumeneyo.
- I-Loeys–Dietz Syndrome: Esinye isifo esibangelwa izakhi zofuzo esingabangela ukwanda kwe-aorta.
- I-Turner Syndrome: Isifo sofuzo esithinta abesifazane kuphela futhi esingabangela izinkinga ohlelweni lwenhliziyo nemithambo yegazi.
- Ukulimala Okubuhlungu: Ingozi enkulu noma ukushaywa esifubeni kungalimaza futhi kudabule udonga lwe-aorta.
Ziyini izimpawu zalokhu? Ukubona kanjani?
Lolu uhlangothi olungabonakali noluyingozi lwalesi sifo. Abantu abaningi abanazo izimpawu. Ungaqashelwa kuze kube yilapho i-aneurysm ikhula kancane kancane.
Kodwa-ke, njengoba i-aneurysm ikhula noma icindezela izitho eziseduze, kungase kube nezimpawu ezithile. Uma uhlangabezana nanoma yiziphi zalezi zimpawu, kubalulekile ukukhuluma nodokotela wakho ngokushesha.
- Ubuhlungu besifuba noma ubuhlungu endaweni engenhla yomhlane: Lokhu kungaba ubuhlungu obujulile, obucindezelayo.
- Ukukhwehlela noma Ukuphefumula: Lezi zimpawu zingase zenzeke uma i-aneurysm icindezela indlela yokuphefumula.
- Ubunzima bokugwinya: Lokhu kungase kube ngenxa yokucindezela kwe-aneurysm emphinjeni.
- Ukuhosha: Izwi lingashintsha ngenxa yokucindezelwa kwenzwa elawula izintambo zezwi.
- Ukuphelelwa umoya.
Udokotela usithola kanjani lesi sifo ngokunembile?
Ngokuvamile, lesi simo sitholakala ngengozi ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kwesinye isimo. Isibonelo, udokotela angathola i-aorta ekhulisiwe ngenkathi ethatha i-X-ray yesifuba ngesinye isizathu.
Uma udokotela esola lokhu, uzoyala ukuhlolwa okuhlukahlukene ukuze akuqinisekise futhi anqume ubukhulu obuqondile nendawo ye-aneurysm.
| Ukuhlolwa | Lokhu kwenzani? |
|---|---|
| I-X-ray yesifuba | Lokhu kunganikeza umbono ocacile wokuthi i-aorta ikhulisiwe yini, kodwa kunzima ukubona i-aneurysm encane. |
| I-Transthoracic Echocardiogram (TTE) | Lokhu kufana nokuskena kwenhliziyo. Kusebenzisa amaza omsindo ukubona ukuthi igazi ligeleza kanjani enhliziyweni nokuthi ama-valve enhliziyo asebenza kanjani. Kungabheka futhi ekuqaleni kwe-aorta. |
| I-CT Scan Yesifuba | Lokhu kungaveza izithombe zesifuba ezinezinhlangothi ezintathu (3D). Kungabonisa ngokucacile ngisho ne-aneurysm encane kakhulu noma umthambo wegazi odabukile (ukusikwa). Ngezinye izikhathi lokhu kuskena kwenziwa ngokufaka uketshezi olukhethekile olubizwa ngokuthi i-contrast emthanjeni osengalweni. |
| I-MR Angiography (MRA) | Lokhu kuskena kwe-MRI. Kuyasiza ukuthola ulwazi oluningiliziwe mayelana ne-aorta kanye nokusebenza kwenhliziyo. |
Iphathwa kanjani?
Ukwelashwa kuncike ezintweni ezifana nobukhulu be-aneurysm, ukuthi ikhula ngokushesha kangakanani, kanye nembangela.
Nge-aneurysms encane (ngaphansi kuka-5.5 cm)
Uma i-aneurysm incane kunamasentimitha angu-5.5 futhi ungenazo ezinye izici ezikhethekile eziyingozi (njenge-Marfan Syndrome), ngokuvamile ngeke uthunyelwe ukuyohlinzwa ngokushesha. Kunalokho, udokotela wakho angase akuncome okulandelayo:
- Imithi: Kunikezwa imithi, ikakhulukazi ukulawula umfutho wegazi. Uma umfutho wegazi wehlisiwe, umfutho odongeni lwemithambo yegazi nawo uyancishiswa.
- Ukuqapha okuqhubekayo:Ukuskena kwenziwa cishe njalo ezinyangeni eziyisithupha ukuze kubonakale ukuthi i-aneurysm iyakhula yini. Uma ingakhuli ngokushesha, ungayihlola njalo eminyakeni embalwa.
- Izinguquko zendlela yokuphila:
- Uma ubhema, kubalulekile ukuyeka ngokushesha .
- Ukudla ukudla okunempilo.
- Zivocavoce kancane okungafaki ingcindezi enkulu emithanjeni yegazi. Kufanele ukhulume nodokotela wakho ngalokhu futhi ucele iseluleko.
Nge-aneurysms enkulu (engaphezu kuka-5.5 cm)
Uma i-aneurysm inkulu kunamasentimitha angu-5.5, kuvame ukunconywa ukuhlinzwa, njengoba ingozi yokuqhekeka iphezulu kakhulu ngemva kwalowo sayizi.
Kodwa-ke, kubantu abanezimo ezifana neMarfan Syndrome, iBicuspid Aortic Valve, noma umlando womndeni we-aneurysms, odokotela bangase batuse ukuhlinzwa noma ngabe i-aneurysm incane. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi basengozini enkulu yokuqhekeka, noma ngabe i-aneurysm incane.
Ukuhlinzwa kuhilela ukuvula isifuba nokusika ingxenye ebuthakathaka ye-aorta evuvukalayo. Bese kufakwa i-graft endaweni yayo. Lokhu kwenziwa ngezinto eziqinile zokwenziwa. Phakathi nalokhu kuhlinzwa, umsebenzi wenhliziyo namaphaphu udluliselwa okwesikhashana emshinini obizwa ngokuthi "umshini we-cardiopulmonary bypass." Ngezinye izikhathi, uma kukhona iphutha le-valve yenhliziyo, lokho kuhlinzwa kwenziwa ngesikhathi esifanayo.
Sinjani isimo ngemva kokwelashwa? (Isibikezelo)
Lokhu kuyinkinga kubantu abaningi.
Ucwaningo lubonise ukuthi abantu abangu-79% abahlinzwa ngokuzikhethela, noma abangu-79 kwabayi-100, baphila impilo enhle okungenani iminyaka eyi-10 ngemva kokwelashwa.
Kodwa-ke, uma i-aneurysm iqhuma noma iqhuma, isimo siba sibi kakhulu. Uma ukuhlinzwa okuphuthumayo kungenziwa zingakapheli amahora angu-48, cishe ingxenye yeziguli ezinjalo ngeke zisinde. Lokhu kubonisa ukuthi kubaluleke kangakanani ukuqaphela lesi simo kusenesikhathi futhi ufune ukwelashwa okufanele, noma ngabe azikho izimpawu.
Yini esingayenza ukuze sizivikele kulesi simo?
Nakuba singenakukwazi ukulawula ezinye izimbangela zofuzo, kunezinto eziningi esingazenza ukuze sinciphise ingozi.
- Indlela yokuphila enempilo: Ukudla ukudla okunempilo nokuzivocavoca njalo.
- Lawula izici eziyingozi: Gcina isisindo sakho, umfutho wegazi, kanye namazinga e-cholesterol ngaphansi kokulawula. Thatha imithi udokotela wakho ayinikezayo njengoba nje eyalelwe.
- Lahla imikhuba emibi: Uma ubhema, yeka ngokushesha. Gwema ukuphuza utshwala ngokweqile.
Uma unalezi zimpawu, ungalibali ngisho nomzuzwana!
Lokhu kungaba izimpawu zokuqhuma noma ukuqhuma kwe-aneurysm. Lezi yizimo eziphuthumayo zezokwelapha. Uma uhlangabezana nanoma yiziphi zalezi zimpawu , hamba uye eMnyangweni Wezimo Eziphuthumayo wesibhedlela (ETU) ngokushesha.
| Funa usizo lwezokwelapha ngokushesha! | |
|---|---|
| 🚨 | Ubuhlungu obungazelelwe, obungabekezeleleki, obudabukisayo esifubeni noma emhlane ongaphezulu. |
| 🚨 | Ubunzima obukhulu bokuphefumula. |
| 🚨 | Ukukhwehlela igazi. |
| 🚨 | Ukulahlekelwa ukwazi, isiyezi, noma izimpawu zesifo sohlangothi (isib., ukugoba ohlangothini olulodwa lobuso, ubunzima bokukhuluma). |
Imibuzo ebalulekile okufanele uyibuze udokotela wakho
Kuvamile ukuzizwa wesaba uma uthola ukuthi unalesi simo. Kodwa-ke, kubalulekile ukucaca ngesimo sakho. Ungakhohlwa ukubuza le mibuzo uma uvakashela udokotela wakho.
- Ingakanani i-aneurysm yami?
- Yini engingayenza ukuze nginciphise ingozi yalokhu kuqhuma?
- Ingabe i-aneurysm iba nkulu? Uma kunjalo, ikhula ngokushesha kangakanani?
- Amathuba okuthi lokhu kuzoqhuma angakanani?
- Ingabe ngizodinga ukuhlinzwa?
- Uma ngihlinzwa, ziyini izingozi?
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- I-Ascending Aortic Aneurysm iwukuba buthaka nokuvuvuka kodonga lomthambo wegazi oyinhloko wenhliziyo. Lesi yisimo esibi esikhula buthule.
- Esikhathini esiningi, azikho izimpawu, ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukuthi abantu abanezici eziyingozi (umfutho wegazi ophakeme, ukubhema, umlando womndeni) bahlolwe njalo ngudokotela.
- Ingozi enkulu ngalokhu ukuthi kungaqhuma futhi kubangele ukulahlekelwa yimpilo.
- Ama-aneurysm amancane adinga imithi kanye nokuhlolwa njalo kwezokwelapha, kuyilapho amakhulu elashwa ngokuhlinzwa.
- Uma uzwa izimpawu ezifana nobuhlungu besifuba obungazelelwe, obukhulu noma ubunzima bokuphefumula, kubheke njengesimo esiphuthumayo bese uya esibhedlela ngokushesha.
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