Sonke siyaphefumula nsuku zonke. Kodwa asazi ukuthi zingaki izinto ezisemoyeni esiziphefumulayo esingaziboni. Ubuwazi ukuthi kukhona uhlobo lwesikhunta olubizwa ngokuthi 'i-Aspergillus', olunezinhlayiya ezintanta yonke indawo kulo moya? Ngokuvamile, lokhu akubanga zinkinga kumuntu ophilile, ngoba uhlelo lwethu lokuzivikela lomzimba aluvumeli ukuthi lungene. Kodwa kwabanye abantu, ikakhulukazi labo abanezifo zamaphaphu noma labo abanezivikelo zomzimba ezibuthakathaka, lokhu kungaba yinkinga enkulu. Yileso simo esikhuluma ngaso namuhla, esibizwa ngokuthi 'i-Aspergillosis'.
Kalula nje, iyini i-Aspergillosis?
I-'Aspergillosis' ukutheleleka emzimbeni wethu okubangelwa uhlobo lwesikhunta olubizwa ngokuthi 'i-Aspergillus'. Lokhu ukutheleleka kwesikhunta. Lolu hlobo lwesikhunta luvame ukutholakala endaweni esikuyo, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezifana nomhlabathi, udoti wamaqabunga omile, kanye nezinqwaba zomquba. Ngezinye izikhathi, lolu hlobo lwesikhunta lungakhula ezindaweni ezimanzi ngaphakathi emakhaya, ngisho nasezihlungini zama-air conditioner (AC) ezingahlanzwanga kahle.
Uma siphefumula, ama-spores alesi sikhunta angena emaphashini ethu ngamakhala ethu. Isimiso somzimba sokuzivikela somuntu ophilile siyababona futhi sibabhubhise laba bahlaseli. Kodwa imizimba yabanye abantu ayikwazi ukwenza lokhu. Yilapho kuvela khona isimo esibizwa ngokuthi 'i-Aspergillosis'. Kunezinhlobo eziningana eziyinhloko zalokhu. Ezinye zazo zibonakala njenge-allergy, kanti ezinye zikhawulelwe emaphashini. Kodwa uhlobo oluyingozi kakhulu yi-'Aspergillosis' ehlaselayo, esakazeka kuwo wonke umzimba.
Abantu abaningi bayazibuza ukuthi lokhu "kuwukubumba okumnyama." Cha, uhlobo oluhlukile lokubumba (Stachybotrys chartarum). Kodwa zombili izinhlobo zokubumba ezitholakala endaweni ezungezile futhi zingenza abanye abantu bagule.
Ubani osengozini enkulu yokuthola lesi sifo? Ubani osengozini?
Akuwona wonke umuntu othola i-Aspergillosis. Kunezinhlobo ezithile zamaqembu asengozini yokuyithola. Okusho ukuthi, abantu abasengozini enkulu yokugula uma bevezwa yilesi sikhunta. Uma ungomunye wala maqembu, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqaphela lokhu.
| Iqembu lezingozi | Incazelo elula |
|---|---|
| Abantu abane-asthma noma ezinye izinto ezibangela ukungezwani komzimba | Amaphaphu abo kanye nemigudu yomoya kuyazwela ngokwemvelo. Uma kungena ama-spores e-Aspergillus, umzimba usabela ngokweqile. Lokhu kungaholela esimweni sokungezwani komzimba esibizwa ngokuthi i-Allergic Bronchopulmonary Aspergillosis (ABPA) . |
| Abantu abanesifo samaphaphu esingamahlalakhona | Abantu abake baba nesifo sofuba (TB) futhi abanezimbobo emaphashini abo, noma labo abanezifo ezifana ne-COPD (Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease), noma i-Sarcoidosis, banezindawo ezonakele emaphashini abo. Isikhunta se-Aspergillus singahlala kalula kulezi zimbobo bese sakha ibhola lesikhunta. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi i-Aspergilloma . |
| Abantu abanezivikeli mzimba ezibuthakathaka kakhulu | Leli yiqembu eliyingozi kakhulu nelisengozini kakhulu. Ngenxa yokuthi uhlelo lokuzivikela lomzimba (amasosha) lubuthakathaka, isikhunta singangena kalula emzimbeni, singene egazini sisuka emaphashini, futhi sisakazekele kwezinye izitho ezifana nobuchopho, izinso, nenhliziyo. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi i-Invasive Aspergillosis . Izibonelo zalokhu zifaka:
|
Ziyini izimpawu zalesi sifo?
Izimpawu ze-aspergillosis ziyahlukahluka kuye ngohlobo lokutheleleka kanye nengxenye yomzimba ethintekile. Ngokuvamile zifana nezimpawu zesifo sokuphefumula esivamile, okwenza kube nzima ukuzixilonga.
| Uhlobo lwe-aspergillosis | Izimpawu ezivamile |
|---|---|
| Uhlobo lokungezwani komzimba (i-ABPA) |
|
| Isikhunta (i-Aspergilloma) | |
| I-Aspergillosis Ehlaselayo |
Ingabe lesi yisifo esithathelwanayo?
Cha. I-'Aspergillosis' akuyona isifo esingadluliselwa kusuka komunye umuntu siye komunye. Sibangelwa ukuphefumula ama-spores esikhunta asendaweni ezungezile. Ngakho-ke, awukwazi ukuthola lesi sifo ngokuba seduze nomuntu ogulayo.
Udokotela usithola kanjani lesi sifo?
Udokotela wakho uzosola lokhu ngokusekelwe ezimpawu zakho kanye nomlando wakho wezempilo (isibonelo, ingabe une-asthma noma uyalashwa ngomdlavuza?). Bazokwenza izivivinyo eziningana ukuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa.
- I-X-ray yesifuba noma i-CT scan: Lokhu kungabheka izimpawu ezingavamile, izimbobo, noma iqhubu elibizwa ngokuthi "i-Aspergilloma" emaphashini.
- Ukukhula Kwesikhwehlela: Isampula yesikhwehlela sakho siyathathwa futhi sihlolwe elebhu ukuze kubonakale ukuthi isikhunta i-Aspergillus siyakhula yini kuso. Siphinde sihlolwe ngaphansi kwe-microscope ukuze kubonakale ukuthi kukhona yini izinhlayiya ezinemicu esikhwehlela.
- Ukuhlolwa kwegazi: Uma kusolwa uhlobo oluthile oluhlaselayo, igazi lihlolwa ama-antibodies noma ama-antigen athile ku-Aspergillus mold. Lokhu kungasiza ekuxilongeni lesi sifo ngokushesha.
- I-Biopsy: Kuthathwa ingxenye encane yezicubu emaphashini noma endaweni okusolwa ukuthi inegciwane bese ihlolwa ngaphansi kwesibonakhulu ukuze kubonakale ukuthi kukhona yini ukutheleleka kobomvu.
- Ukuhlolwa Kokungezwani Nomzimba: Ukuhlolwa kwesikhumba noma ukuhlolwa kwegazi kunganquma ukuthi umzimba wakho une-allergy ku-Aspergillus.
Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha? Ingabe lokhu kungelapheka?
Ukwelashwa kwe-aspergillosis kuncike ohlotsheni lwesifo onaso, ubukhali baso, kanye nempilo yakho iyonke.
1. Imithi Yokulwa Nesikhunta
Lokhu ukwelashwa okuyinhloko. Le mithi isebenza ngokubhubhisa isikhunta emzimbeni. Imithi efana ne-'Voriconazole', 'Isavuconazole', 'Amphotericin B' ivame ukusetshenziswa kulokhu. Eminye yale mithi inikezwa njengamaphilisi okuphuza, kanti eminye inikezwa njengomjovo emthanjeni nge-saline. Isikhathi sokwelashwa singasukela emavikini ambalwa kuya ezinyangeni eziningana, noma ngisho nokuphila konke.
2. Imithi ye-steroid (ama-Corticosteroids)
Lezi zisetshenziselwa ukwelapha i-allergy rhinitis (ABPA) . Esikhundleni sokubulala isikhunta, le mithi ilawula ukuvuvukala okweqile kanye nokusabela kokungezwani komzimba okubangelwa isikhunta emzimbeni. Amaphilisi anjenge-'Prednisolone' anikezwa lokhu.
3. Ukuhlinzwa
Uma kukhona iqhubu elilodwa lesikhunta (`Aspergilloma`) emaphashini futhi libangela izinkinga ezifana nokopha okuqhubekayo, kwenziwa ukuhlinzwa ukuze kususwe lonke iphaphu eliqukethe iqhubu. Lokhu kungasiqeda ngokuphelele lesi sifo.
Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuthatha umuthi udokotela wakho awunikezayo ngqo isikhathi sonke. Uma uyeka ukuthatha umuthi phakathi nesikhathi, lesi sifo singase sibuye.
Ungazivikela kanjani kulesi sifo?
Isikhunta se-Aspergillus sitholakala yonke indawo emvelweni, ngakho-ke akunakwenzeka ukusigwema isikhathi esingu-100%. Kodwa uma useqenjini elisengozini enkulu, kunezinto ongazenza ukuze unciphise ukuchayeka kwakho:
- Gwema izindawo ezinothuli: Gwema izindawo zokwakha, izindawo zokubhidliza, kanye nemigwaqo enothuli ngangokunokwenzeka.
- Qaphela ngokusebenza engadini: Imisebenzi efana nokumba inhlabathi, ukwenza izinqwaba zomquba, kanye nokugunda utshani kungakhipha ama-spores esikhunta emoyeni. Uma wenza lolu hlobo lomsebenzi, qiniseka ukuthi ugqoka imaski ye-N95 esezingeni elihle .
- Lawula umswakama ekhaya lakho: Uma kukhona izindawo ezimanzi ngaphakathi kwekhaya lakho noma izindawo ezinesikhunta ezikhula ezindongeni, zilungise ngokushesha. Qinisekisa ukuthi izindawo ezifana nendlu yokugezela nekhishi zinomoya omuhle.
- Gcina ama-air conditioner (AC) kanye nezihlungi zomoya zihlanzekile: Lezi zihlungi zivame ukukhula ngesikhunta, ngakho-ke zihlanze njalo ngokwemiyalelo yomenzi.
Kufanele ngimbone nini udokotela? Kufanele ngiye nini e-ETU?
Uma ungomunye wamaqembu asengozini okukhulunywe ngawo ngenhla futhi uba nezimpawu ezihlobene namaphaphu (ukukhwehlela, ubunzima bokuphefumula, umkhuhlane),Bona udokotela wakho ngokushesha.
Uma unezinye zezibonakaliso ezilandelayo eziyisixwayiso , hamba uye eMnyangweni Wezimo Eziphuthumayo (ETU) wesibhedlela esiseduze ngokushesha.
- Umkhuhlane ophakeme kakhulu (ngaphezu kuka-103 Fahrenheit/40 Celsius)
- Ukuphefumula kanzima
- Ukopha kakhulu uma ukhwehlela
- Ukudideka, ukudideka , noma izinguquko ekuziphatheni
- Ukuquleka
- Ukushintsha kombala wezindebe noma isikhumba (lokhu kuyisibonakaliso sokuntuleka komoya-mpilo egazini - `i-Cyanosis`)
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- I-'Aspergillus' uhlobo lwesikhunta esivame kakhulu endaweni esikuyo. Ngokuvamile awulimazi abantu abaphilile.
- Ingozi inkulu kakhulu kulabo abanezifo zamaphaphu ezikhona (i-asthma, i-COPD) kanye nalabo abanezivikeli mzimba ezibuthakathaka (iziguli ezinomdlavuza, abantu abafakelwe izitho zomzimba).
- Izimpawu zingafana nezesifo sokuphefumula esivamile, ngakho-ke uma useqenjini elisengozini, qaphela izimpawu.
- Lesi sifo asidluliselwa kusuka komunye umuntu siye komunye.
- Kunezindlela zokwelapha ezisebenzayo. Ukuxilongwa kusenesikhathi kanye nokwelashwa okufanele ngokwemiyalelo kadokotela kungasiza ekulawuleni nasekuphulukiseni lesi sifo.
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