Ingabe ukudla kuyabhajwa emphinjeni? Ingabe lokho '(Ukuphefumula)'? Masiqaphele lokhu!

Wake waba nokukhwehlela okungazelelwe noma umphimbo obuhlungu ngenkathi udla noma uphuza? Noma wake wambona umuntu omdala noma ingane encane endlini yakho enza lokhu? Ngokuvamile sikubiza ngokuthi "ukuhamba ngendlela engafanele" noma "ukuminza." Esikhathini esiningi, kuyacasula kancane, kodwa ungakuqeda ngemva kwesikhashana. Kodwa ngezinye izikhathi kungaba yingozi kancane, ikakhulukazi uma kwenzeka njalo. Namuhla, sizokhuluma ngesimo esibizwa ngokuthi "i-Aspiration." Ukuze sibe neqiniso, leli igama lezokwelapha laso.

Kuyini lokhu `(Ukufisa)`?

Kalula nje, "(Ukuphefumula)" yilapho into engeyona umoya ingena emigudwini yethu yomoya , indlela esiphefumula ngayo. Ngokuvamile, lokhu kwenzeka lapho into esizama ukuyigwinya, noma into evela ohlelweni lwethu lokugaya ukudla, ihamba ngendlela engafanele. Cabanga ngakho, izinto ezinjengalezi zingenzeka:

• Ukudla
• Amanzi noma olunye uketshezi
• I-asidi yesisu
• Ukuhlanza
• Ulwelwesi noma amathe emlonyeni noma emphinjeni
• Into evela ngaphandle, isibonelo ithoyizi elincane `(Into yangaphandle)`

Sonke sizwile isisho esithi “kwehle ngepayipi elingalungile.” Esikhathini esiningi, uma lokho kwenzeka, ungamane ucindezele ukudla noma amanzi ngaphandle bese kuba sengathi kuvimbekile kancane. Kodwa-ke, kwezinye izimo, lokhu kungabangela ukuphelelwa umoya, ubunzima bokuphefumula, noma ngisho nokutheleleka kwamaphaphu.

Ziyini izimpawu ze-"(Aspiration)"?

Manje ake sibheke izimpawu ze-`(Aspiration)`. Bheka ukuthi unayo yini eyodwa noma ngaphezulu kwalezi:

• Ukukhwehlela njalo, ikakhulukazi ngemva kokudla noma ukuphuza.
• Umuzwa wokuthi kukhona okubambeke emphinjeni.
• Umsindo ongajwayelekile lapho uphefumula. Kungaba umsindo onomsindo (stridor) noma umsindo wokushaya ikhwela (ukushaya umoya).
• Ubunzima bokuphefumula (ukuphelelwa umoya) noma ukuphelelwa umoya.
• I-Cyanosis umbala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka wesikhumba, izindebe, kanye neminwe. Lokhu kwenzeka lapho umzimba ungatholi umoya-mpilo owanele.
• Ubunzima bokugwinya (dysphagia). Ubunzima bokugwinya ukudla neziphuzo.
• Ukuminyana kwesifuba njalo noma i-pneumonia.
• Ukwehla kwesisindo okungachazeki (kungase kube ngenxa yobunzima bokugwinya)
• Imfiva.

Kungani lokhu `(Ukufisa)` kwenzeka?

Kulungile, manje ake sibone ukuthi kungani lokhu kwenzeka. Uyazi, sinemibhobho emibili eduze komunye nomunye emphinjeni wethu. Elinye yipayipi lokudla, elibizwa ngokuthi i-esophagus . Elinye yipayipi lokuphefumula, elibizwa ngokuthi i-trachea/windpipe . Zombili lezi ziphezulu emphinjeni, elibizwa ngokuthi i-pharynx.Zihlangana ndawonye lapho kushiwo khona.

Esikhathini esiningi, umoya esiwungenisa ngamakhala noma ngomlomo wethu wehla ngqo kulo mbhobho womoya uye emaphashini. Kodwa uma sigwinya, kukhona ucezu lwe-cartilage olubizwa ngokuthi i-epiglottis . Lusebenza njengesivalo. Uma sigwinya, lesi sivalo sivala umbhobho womoya. Bese ukudla kuhamba ngendlela engafanele, hhayi embhobheni womoya, kodwa ngqo emhubheni. Uyaqonda?

Ngakho-ke, ngezinye izikhathi uma le epiglottis ingasebenzi kahle, noma uma ivaleka sekwephuzile, izinto esizigwinyayo zingangena emgudwini womoya. Yilapho-ke `(Aspiration)` kwenzeka khona. Futhi, umzimba wethu unezindlela ezimbili zokuzivikela ezibizwa ngokuthi i-cough reflex kanye ne-gag reflex. Lezi zisetshenziselwa ukususa izinto ezingahambanga kahle. Uma lezi zimpendulo zibuthakathaka ngandlela thile, khona-ke `(Aspiration)` kungenzeka kakhulu. Ngoba-ke kuba nzima ngomzimba ukususa izinto ezingahambanga kahle.

Ubani osengozini enkulu yokufutha?

Sonke sike saba nokudla okuncane noma isiphuzo esibhajwe emphinjeni ngesinye isikhathi. Mhlawumbe kungesikhathi othile ekhuluma nathi ngokuzumayo ngenkathi siphuza amanzi, noma lapho ngengozi silahla ucezu lokudla endaweni engafanele. Kodwa ezinye izimo zezokwelapha kanye nemithi kungandisa ingozi yokufisa ukudla. Ake sibheke ukuthi ziyini:

• Imithi yokudambisa. Ngaphezu kwemithi kadokotela, eminye imithi etholakala ngaphandle kwemithi kadokotela, kanye notshwala nezidakamizwa, kungabangela ukozela nokuncipha kokuqwashisa. Ama-opioid ayiqembu lemithi elaziwayo elinomphumela wokudambisa. Ukuthatha lokhu kungenza buthaka ukusabela kokuzivikela okukhulunywe ngakho ngaphambili.
• Izifo zesimiso sezinzwa esiphakathi. Lezi zifo zinganciphisa ukusabela kwemvelo komzimba okusivikela ekufuneni ukudla. Izibonelo zifaka phakathi isifo sohlangothi , izimila zobuchopho , kanye nesifo sikaParkinson . Lawa makhono angase abe buthaka njengoba sikhula.
• Izinkinga ze-neuromuscular. Lezi yizifo ezithinta imizwa noma imisipha. Isibonelo, ungaba ne-myasthenia gravis noma i-Guillain-Barré syndrome. Lezi zifo zingabangela imisipha ukuthi ingasebenzi kahle ukuvimbela ukufiphala.
• I-GERD (isifo se-gastroesophageal reflux) kanye nezinkinga zokunyakaza kwamathumbu. I-GERD iwukuphindeka kwe-asidi yesisu. Ezimweni ezifana ne-achalasia, inani elikhulu le-asidi yesisu lingaphinde libuyele emgudwini. Le-asidi ingabe isivuza ingene emgudwini womoya.
• Umehluko wokwakheka komzimba. Abanye abantu bangase babe nomehluko wokuzalwa ekwakhiweni kwemigudu yabo yomoya noma umphimbo. Isibonelo,Uma unesifo esifana ne-tracheoesophageal fistula, kunethuba elikhulu lokuthi ukudla nokuphuza kuzohamba ngendlela engafanele.
• Amadivayisi ezokwelapha. Ngezinye izikhathi, izinto ezifana namashubhu e-nasogastric (NG) zingabangela ukuthi ama-epiglotti esikhulume ngawo ngaphambilini angasebenzi kahle.

Futhi, izingane ezisanda kuzalwa zisengozini yokuthola isimo esibizwa ngokuthi "i-Meconium aspiration syndrome." Lokhu kusho ukuthi indle yokuqala yomntwana (i-meconium), into enamathelayo nejiyile, ingena emgudwini womoya, kungaba ngaphambi noma ekuzalweni.

Yiziphi izinkinga ezingaba khona ze-`(Aspiration)`?

Manje cishe ucabanga ukuthi, 'O, yini leyo, uma ibambeka kancane, ungayikhipha nje.' Yebo, isikhathi esiningi iyaphuma. Kodwa ngezinye izikhathi, ikakhulukazi uma ungakwazi ukususa into ehambe ngendlela engafanele, ingabangela izinkinga ezinkulu. Nakhu ukuthi ziyini:

• I-pneumonia yokuphefumula. Lena inkinga evame kakhulu futhi eyingozi. Iwukutheleleka emaphashini okubangelwa izinto ezingene endleleni yokuphefumula.
• Ithumba lamaphaphu. Iqoqo lobomvu ngaphakathi kwamaphaphu, okwakha ithumba.
• I-Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Lesi yisimo esenza ukuphefumula kube nzima kakhulu futhi kungaba yingozi empilweni.
• Amaphaphu awile/i-pneumothorax.
• Ukugcwaliswa komoya phakathi kwamaphaphu nodonga lwesifuba (pneumomediastinum).
• Ukuvuvukala kwamaphaphu (i-pneumonia). Lokhu kungase kungabi ngenxa yokutheleleka, kodwa kungase futhi kube ngenxa yomonakalo wamakhemikhali ovela kokuthile okufana ne-asidi yesisu.
• Ukuminyana umoya kusho ukufa ngokuminyana. Lesi simo singase senzeke uma indlela yokuphefumula ivalekile ngokuphelele noma uma inani elikhulu loketshezi lingena emzimbeni, okubangela ukuba umzimba ulahlekelwe umoya-mpilo.

Lolu hlobo lwenkinga enkulu lungenzeka kakhulu uma uphefumula ungaqapheli (lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi i-buthule aspiration), noma uma uhlanza izinga lakho lokuqwasha liphansi (isibonelo, uma ubusebenzisa utshwala, amaphilisi okulala, noma ezinye izidakamizwa).

Uyibona kanjani isimo ``(Isifiso)``?

Kuye ngezimpawu zakho nokuthi uyakhumbula yini ukuthi une-aspiration, udokotela angenza izivivinyo ezilandelayo ukuze axilonge isimo noma izinkinga zaso:

• I-X-ray yesifuba noma i-CT scan.
• I-Bronchoscopy: Lokhu kuhilela ukufaka ipayipi elinekhamera encane endaweni yomoya ukuze kubonakale ukuthi kukhona yini okuvinjiwe noma okonakele.
• Ukukhula kwe-sputum. Ukuthola ukuthi kukhona yini ukutheleleka nokuthi yini ebangela lokho.
• Izifundo zokugwinya.Ngezinye izikhathi kwenziwa izivivinyo ezikhethekile ukuze kubonakale ukuthi kunenkinga yini ngokugwinya.

Uma ucabanga ukuthi uke waba ne-aspiration, noma uma unesifo ocabanga ukuthi singakuholela ekuphekeni ngaphandle kokuqaphela, kufanele nakanjani wazise udokotela wakho.

Uphatha kanjani "(Isifiso)"?

Odokotela belapha "i-Aspiration" ngokususa ukudla noma enye into engene endleleni yokuphefumula, uma kungenzeka. Ngezinye izikhathi ingasuswa ngesikhathi esifanayo ne- "Bronchoscopy" okukhulunywe ngayo ekuqaleni. Uma kukhona okubambeke emphinjeni wakho futhi udinga ukwelashwa okuphuthumayo, bazosebenzisa amasu anjenge- "Heimlich maneuver" ukuzama ukuyikhipha.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ungenza okulandelayo ukuze ugcine indlela yakho yokuphefumula ivulekile futhi welaphe izinkinga:

• I-oxygen eyengeziwe.
• Ama-Bronchodilator: Lawa asebenza ngokwandisa imigudu yokuphefumula kancane.
• Ama-antibiotic. Uma kukhona ukutheleleka.

Uma unesifo esingaphansi esikubeka engcupheni enkulu yokufutha, kungadingeka uqhubeke nokuthola ukwelashwa kwaleso simo. Kodwa-ke, uma uke waba nokufutha futhi ukwazi ukukukhipha, futhi ungenaso esinye isimo sezokwelapha esingaphansi, ungase ungadingi ukwelashwa okukhethekile.

Ingabe kuzothuthuka ngokuzenzakalelayo uma sekuyinto ethi `(Aspiration)`?

Umzimba wakho ungasusa inani elincane loketshezi kanye nezinhlayiya ezincane emaphashini akho kanye nasemigudwini yomoya. Lokhu ukwenza ngokuzibamba nge-mucus bese uzicindezela phezulu ngezakhiwo ezincane ezifana nezinwele ezibizwa ngokuthi "cilia" ukuze uzicindezele. Umzimba ungaphinde uzigaye futhi uzimunce.

Kodwa-ke, uma inani elikhulu lokudla, uketshezi, noma ezinye izinto zingena emgudwini womoya, amagciwane angakhula futhi abangele ukutheleleka. Lokhu kuyiqiniso ikakhulukazi uma amasosha omzimba wakho ebuthakathaka. Futhi, uma i-asidi yesisu ingena emgudwini womoya, ingalimaza umgudwi womoya ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Ingabe ukufutha kungavinjelwa?

Yebo, kunezinto esingazenza ukunciphisa ingozi yokufisa ukudla ngezinga elithile. Kubalulekile ukulawula noma yiziphi izimo zezokwelapha eziyisisekelo, ikakhulukazi uma unazo, nokulandela izinyathelo ezithile lapho udla futhi uphuza ukuze usize ukudla kwakho kudlule kahle.

Udokotela wezifo zokukhuluma angakufundisa amasu athile okunciphisa ingozi yakho yokufisa ukudla. Nazi ezinye zezeluleko ezivamile:

• Hlala uqonde njalo lapho udla noma uphuza. Ungadli noma uphuze ugobile noma ulele.
• Gcina umzimba wakho uqonde (okungenani nge-engeli engama-degree angu-45) okungenani ihora elilodwa ngemva kokudla. Ungalali phansi ngenkathi udla.
• Sika ukudla kube yizicucu ezincane, ukuhlafune kahle, bese ukugwinya. Ungadli ngokushesha.
• Sebenzisa amasu okugwinya ngomzamo. Lokhu kuhilela ukusebenzisa imisipha emphinjeni wakho ukuze ucindezele ukudla phansi ngamandla bese ugwinya. Buza udokotela wakho noma uchwepheshe wezokukhuluma ngalokhu.
• Nciphisa ukukhuluma nokuhleka ngenkathi udla.

Kufanele ngimbone nini udokotela mayelana `(Aspiration)`?

Uma unesifo esikwenza ube namathuba amaningi okuba ne-aspiration, khuluma nodokotela wakho mayelana nendlela yokusivimbela. Uzokutshela ukuthi yiziphi izimpawu okufanele uziqaphele nokuthi kufanele ufune nini iseluleko sezokwelapha. Uma unesifo somphimbo noma ukukhwehlela njalo, ungakushayi indiva njengokujwayelekile.

Kufanele ngiye nini egumbini lezimo eziphuthumayo?

Uma unezinye zalezi zimpawu , kufanele ushayele ucingo ku-1990 ngokushesha noma uye egumbini lezimo eziphuthumayo esibhedlela esiseduze:

• Uma ungakwazi ukugwinya ngendlela evamile.
• Uma unenkinga yokuphefumula, uma uzizwa sengathi uyacinana.
• Uma isikhumba sakho, izindebe, noma izinzipho zakho ziphenduka zibe luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka noma zibe nsomi.
• Uma unezinhlungu zesifuba ezinzima.
• Uma unomuzwa onamandla wokuthi ukudla noma into inamathele emphinjeni wakho noma endleleni yokuphefumula, futhi awukwazi ukuyikhipha, ngisho nangefoloko.

Yimiphi imibuzo okufanele ngiyibuze udokotela wami?

Ukubuza imibuzo efana nalena uma ubona udokotela wakho kungakusiza ukuthi uqonde futhi uphathe lesi simo:

• Yini ebangela ukuthi lesi simo "(sokuphefumula)" sivame ukwenzeka kimi?
• Ngingayinciphisa kanjani le ngozi yokuthi "(Ukuphefumula)" empilweni yami yansuku zonke?
• Yiziphi izimpawu okufanele ngiziqaphele ngokukhethekile?
• Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha lokhu? Yini engcono kakhulu kimi?

Okokugcina, izinto okufanele uzikhumbule

Iningi lethu liye labhekana nokudla "okungahambi kahle" nokubhajwa emphinjeni. Esikhathini esiningi, imizimba yethu ikhipha noma imunce izingcezu ezincane noma uketshezi. Kodwa-ke, kwezinye izimo, ikakhulukazi ngezimo zezokwelapha eziyisisekelo, lokhu "kufisa" kungaba yingozi. Ngakho-ke, khuluma nodokotela wakho ngezindlela onganciphisa ngazo ingozi yakho "yokufisa." Uma unezimpawu ocabanga ukuthi zingabangelwa "ukufisa," ungangabazi ukufuna iseluleko sezokwelapha. Ukunakekela impilo yakho kuyinto ebaluleke kakhulu.

Ukuminyana komphimbo , ukufutha, ukuphefumula, ukuvaleka kokudla, i-pneumonia, ubunzima bokuphefumula, ubunzima bokugwinya