Ingabe uvame ukuba nekhanda elibuhlungu? Ingabe uyahlanza? Noma uzizwa sengathi inkumbulo yakho iyancipha kancane kancane, noma amazwi akho ayafiphala uma ukhuluma? Nakuba lezi zinto zingase zenzeke ngezizathu ezivamile, akuvamile, zingaba izimpawu zesimila sobuchopho. Ngakho-ke namuhla sizokhuluma ngohlobo lwesimila esakheka ebuchosheni nasemgogodleni, olubizwa ngokuthi 'i-Astrocytoma'. Ungakhathazeki, ake siqonde konke ngalokhu kalula.
Kalula nje, iyini i-Astrocytoma?
I-Astrocytoma uhlobo lwesimila esingakhula ohlelweni lwethu lwezinzwa oluphakathi (CNS) , olutholakala kakhulu ebuchosheni, kodwa ngezinye izikhathi emgogodleni. Lawa mathumba akhula ohlotsheni olukhethekile lweseli elibunjwe njengenkanyezi ebuchosheni bethu elibizwa ngokuthi 'i-astrocyte'. Lawa maseli e-astrocyte awuhlobo lweseli elisebenza njengokusekela amanye amaseli ezinzwa ebuchosheni, eliwondla futhi liwavikele. Isimila se-astrocytoma sakha lapho lawa maseli eqala ukukhula ngokungalawuleki.
Into ebalulekile ukuthi akuzona zonke lezi Astrocytomas ezinomdlavuza. Ezinye ziyizimila ezingenabungozi. Kodwa ezinye zingaba nomdlavuza (eziyingozi).
I-Astrocytoma uhlobo oluvame kakhulu lwesimila sobuchopho esibizwa ngokuthi i-glioma.
Ingabe kunezinhlobo namazinga e-Astrocytoma?
Yebo, i-World Health Organization (WHO) ihlukanise izimila ze-Astrocytoma zibe amamaki amane ayinhloko (Amamaki 1-4) ngokusekelwe esilinganisweni sokukhula kwazo kanye nekhono lokusabalala ezicutshini ezizungezile. Ibanga 1 liyilona elibi kakhulu, kanti iBanga 4 liyilona elibi kakhulu futhi lisakazeka ngokushesha.
Ake siqonde lokhu ngethebula.
| Ibanga | Incazelo nezinhlobo |
|---|---|
| Ibanga 1 (Elingenawo umdlavuza) | Lezi yizimila ezingenabungozi ezikhula kancane kakhulu futhi ezingasabalali. Uma sezisusiwe ngokuphelele ngokuhlinzwa, akusadingeki ukwelashwa okwengeziwe (ngemisebe noma ngamakhemikhali).
|
| Ibanga lesi-2 (Umdlavuza) | Lezi yizimila ezinomdlavuza. Zivame ukusabalala ezicutshini zobuchopho ezizungezile. Ngakho-ke, ukuhlinzwa kukodwa kungase kunganeli ekwelapheni. |
| Ibanga lesi-3 (Umdlavuza) | Lezi zimila ezinolaka kakhulu futhi ezikhula ngokushesha kunezebanga lesi-2. Ngokuvamile, izimila zebanga lesi-2 zingaqhubekela kulesi sigaba ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Ukuhlinzwa kukodwa akukwazi ukuzelapha. Kudingeka imisebe kanye ne-chemotherapy nakanjani. |
| Ibanga lesi-4 (Umdlavuza) | Lezi zibizwa nangokuthi i-glioblastoma . Lolu uhlobo lwe-astrocytoma olunolaka kakhulu, olukhula ngokushesha, nolunolaka kakhulu. Futhi uhlobo lomdlavuza wobuchopho oluvame kakhulu kubantu abadala. |
Ubani onamathuba amaningi okuthola lesi sifo?
I-Astrocytoma ingakhula kunoma yimuphi ubudala, kodwa amamaki ahlukene avame kakhulu emaqenjini ahlukene eminyaka.
- Ibanga 1: Kuvamile ezinganeni nakubantu abadala abasebasha.
- Ibanga lesi-2: Kuvame kakhulu kubantu abadala abaneminyaka ephakathi kuka-20 no-60.
- Ibanga lesi-3: Kuvamile kubantu abadala abaneminyaka ephakathi kuka-30 no-60 ubudala.
- Ibanga lesi-4 (i-Glioblastoma): Ivame kakhulu kubantu abadala abaneminyaka ephakathi kuka-50 no-80 ubudala.
Amadoda anamathuba amancane okuthola ama-astrocytomas anzima (amabanga 3 no-4).
Ziyini izimpawu zalokhu?
Izimpawu zincike ngobukhulu besimila kanye nendawo yaso ebuchosheni. Ngenxa yokuthi izingxenye ezahlukene zobuchopho zilawula imisebenzi ehlukene emzimbeni wethu, lapho isimila sibeka ingcindezi kuleyo ngxenye, kuvela izimpawu ezihlobene naleyo ngxenye.
Nazi ezinye izimpawu ezivamile.
| Isibonakaliso | Incazelo |
|---|---|
| Ubuhlungu bekhanda | Ikhanda elibuhlungu elivame ukuvuka ekuseni elingaphenduli emithini yokwelapha izinhlungu evamile. |
| Isicanucanu nokuhlanza | Ukucanuzela nokuhlanza ngaphandle kwesizathu esithile. |
| Ukuquleka | Ukuba nokuxhuzula okokuqala empilweni. |
| Izinguquko zengqondo nezokuziphatha | Ukulahlekelwa yinkumbulo, ubunzima bokugxilisa ingqondo, ukushintsha kobuntu (ukuthukuthela ngokuzumayo, ukudabuka), kanye nokudideka. |
| Ukungakhululeki ngokomzimba | Izinkinga zokubona (ukubona okufiphele, ukubona okukabili), ubunzima bokukhuluma (i-aphasia), ukuba ndikindiki noma ubuthakathaka ohlangothini olulodwa lomzimba, kanye nobunzima bokuhamba. |
Uma unesinye noma ngaphezulu salezi zimpawu zilandelana, sicela ubonane nodokotela wakho ngokushesha okukhulu.
Yiziphi izimbangela ze-astrocytoma?
Eqinisweni, imbangela eqondile yezinhlobo eziningi ze-astrocytomas ayikakaziwa . Zivame ukwenzeka ngezikhathi ezithile, ngaphandle kwesizathu esibonakalayo. Kodwa-ke, kunezici ezimbili eziyingozi abacwaningi abazitholile.
1. Ukuchayeka Emisebeni: Ukwelashwa ngemisebe ekhanda, ikakhulukazi njengengane, komunye umdlavuza kungandisa ingozi yokuthola i-astrocytoma kamuva ekuphileni.
2. Izimo Ezingavamile Zofuzo:Ezinye izimo zofuzo ezingavamile, ezizuzwe njengefa zingandisa ingozi yokuthola i-astrocytoma. Izibonelo:
- I-Li-Fraumeni syndrome
- Uhlobo 1 lwe-Neurofibromatosis (NF1)
- I-Tuberous sclerosis
- I-Turcot syndrome
Ungasithola kanjani lesi sifo?
Uma uya kudokotela, uzoqala alalele ngokucophelela izimpawu zakho futhi akuhlole, ikakhulukazi ukuhlolwa kwezinzwa.
Ngemva kwalokho, ungathunyelwa ezivivinyweni eziningana ukuze uhlole ngaphakathi kobuchopho.
- Iskeni se-MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging): Lena yindlela engcono kakhulu necacile yokuthola izimila zobuchopho.
- Iskeni se-CT (Computed Tomography): Lokhu kuhlolwa kwenziwa uma i-MRI ingenzeki (isib., uma kufakwe i-pacemaker).
Uma lokhu kuskena kukhombisa okuthile okungajwayelekile ebuchosheni, kwenziwa i-biopsy ukuze kutholakale ukuthi uhlobo luni lwesimila. Lokhu kuhilela ukususa ingxenye encane yesimila ngokuhlinzwa bese siyihlola ngaphansi kwe-microscope. Ngezinye izikhathi, lesi zicubu sithathwa ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa okufanayo (ukususwa) okususa isimila ngokuphelele.
Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha?
Ukwelashwa kunqunywa izici eziningana, okuhlanganisa uhlobo (ibanga) lwesimila, ubukhulu baso, indawo yaso ebuchosheni, iminyaka yakho, kanye nempilo yakho iyonke. Odokotela bezinzwa, odokotela abahlinza izinzwa, kanye nodokotela bezifo zomdlavuza bavame ukusebenza ndawonye ukuze banqume uhlelo lokwelapha olungcono kakhulu.
Izindlela zokwelapha eziyinhloko yilezi:
1. Ukuhlinzwa
Ukuhlinzwa kuyindlela yokuqala yokwelapha noma nini lapho kungenzeka. Lokhu kunezinzuzo eziningana ezibalulekile:
- Isampula yezicubu ingatholakala ukuze kutholakale ngokunembile uhlobo lwesimila.
- Unganciphisa ingcindezi ebuchosheni ngokususa isimila esiningi ngangokunokwenzeka.
- Izimpawu ezivelayo zingadambisa.
Uma izimila ze-astrocytoma zebanga lokuqala zingasuswa ngokuphelele ngokuhlinzwa, lesi sifo singalapheka ngokuphelele.
2. Ukwelashwa Okungeziwe
Ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu (amabanga 2, 3, 4), kudingeka ukwelashwa okwengeziwe ukuze kubhujiswe noma yimaphi amangqamuzana omdlavuza asele ngemva kokuhlinzwa.
- Ukwelashwa Ngemisebe: Ukusetshenziswa kwemisebe enamandla aphezulu (njenge-X-ray) ukubhubhisa amangqamuzana omdlavuza.
- Ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali: Ukunikeza imithi ebulala amangqamuzana omdlavuza noma emise ukukhula kwawo. I-`Temozolomide (TMZ)` iyisidakamizwa esivame ukusetshenziswa kulokhu.
- Izinkundla zokwelapha izimila: Lena idivayisi ekhethekile egqokwa njengesigqoko. Izinkundla zikagesi ezikhiphayo zilawula ukukhula kwamangqamuzana omdlavuza. Lokhu kunganconywa kwi-glioblastoma (ibanga lesi-4).
- I-Bevacizumab:Lona umuthi wokugomela. Uvimba ukwakheka kwemithambo yegazi ehlinzeka ngegazi esimila, okulawula ukukhula kwesimila.
Iyini inkomba yokubikezela lesi sifo?
Izinga lokululama kanye nokusinda kwalesi sifo lincike ezintweni eziningana.
- Izinga lesimila: Uma izinga liphezulu, isimo singaba sibi kakhulu.
- Inani elingasuswa ngokuhlinzwa: Uma ingxenye enkulu yesimila ingasuswa, imiphumela izoba ngcono.
- Ubudala: Abantu abasebasha bavame ukuthola imiphumela engcono.
- Isimo sempilo iyonke: Kubalulekile ukuthi isimo sempilo yesiguli sibe sihle uma kutholakala ukuthi isifo sikhona.
Ngokuvamile,
- Ibanga 1: Kukhona ithuba lokusinda iminyaka engaphezu kweyi-10 ngemva kokuhlinzwa.
- Ibanga lesi-2: Iminyaka engaphezu kwemi-5.
- Ibanga lesi-3: Phakathi kweminyaka emi-2 nengu-5.
- Ibanga lesi-4 (i-Glioblastoma): Ngokuvamile cishe unyaka.
Okubalulekile: Sicela ukhumbule ukuthi lawa ngamanani ajwayelekile asekelwe kudatha evela eqenjini elikhulu labantu. Lawa angahluka kuye ngesimo sakho. Ngakho-ke, kungcono ukubonisana nodokotela wakho ukuze uthole ulwazi olunembile kakhulu ngesimo sakho.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- I-Astrocytoma uhlobo lwesimila oluvela ebuchosheni noma emgogodleni. Kunezinhlobo zomdlavuza kanye nezingezona umdlavuza.
- Lezi zihlukaniswa kusukela kumabanga 1 kuya ku-4 ngokuya ngobunzima bazo. Ibanga 1 liyilona elibi kakhulu, kanti ibanga 4 (i-Glioblastoma) liyilona elibi kakhulu.
- Ungazinaki izimpawu ezifana nobuhlungu bekhanda obuhlala bukhona, ukuhlanza, ukuxhuzula, kanye nokulahlekelwa yinkumbulo. Uma lokhu kuqhubeka, bona udokotela ngokushesha.
- Ukuhlinzwa, ukwelashwa ngemisebe, kanye ne-chemotherapy yizona zindlela zokwelapha eziyinhloko ezisetshenziswayo.
- Nakuba ukufunda ngesimila sobuchopho kungase kwesabise, ngokwelashwa okufanele kanye neseluleko sezokwelapha, ungakwazi ukulawula izimpawu zakho futhi uqhubeke nempilo yakho. Ithimba lakho lezokwelapha lihlala likulungele ukukusiza.
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