Ukhathazekile noma udabukile ngokuthi ingane yakho encane inenkinga yokuzwa? Mhlawumbe udokotela ukuqinisekisile lokho. "Ingabe ingane yami izokhuluma? Ingabe izoya esikoleni njengabanye abantwana?" Cishe unemibuzo eminingi efana nale engqondweni yakho. Kujwayelekile kakhulu. Kodwa ungakhathazeki. Ngobuchwepheshe banamuhla, kunendlela yokwelapha emangalisayo engafundisa ngisho nengane enenkinga yokuzwa ukukhuluma njengabanye abantwana nokuzwa imisindo yomhlaba. Namuhla sikhuluma ngendlela ebizwa ngokuthi i-Auditory-Verbal Therapy (AVT).
Kalula nje, kuyini ukwelashwa kokuzwa ngamazwi (AVT)?
Lena indlela yokungenelela kusenesikhathi yezingane ezincane ezinenkinga yokuzwa, okungukuthi, izithulu noma ezingezwa kahle. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu ezinganeni ezisebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obufana nezinsiza zokuzwa noma izifakelo ze-cochlear.
Cabanga nje, yize la madivayisi evumela ingane ukuzwa imisindo, ubuchopho budinga ukuqeqeshwa ukuze buqonde ukuthi umsindo uyini, kungaba igama elithi "mama" noma umsindo wenja ekhonkothayo. Yilokho okwenziwa yi-AVT. Kalula nje, umgomo oyinhloko ukuthuthukisa ulimi nenkulumo ngokuzwa .
Into ekhethekile ngale ndlela yokwelapha ukuthi ihilela abazali namalungu omndeni ngenkuthalo . Ngaphezu kwemihlangano nodokotela, abazali baqondiswa ukuthi baqhubeke nalokhu kuqeqeshwa ngokudlala, ingxoxo, kanye nemisebenzi yansuku zonke nomntwana ekhaya.
Khumbula, unguthisha wokuqala nobaluleke kakhulu wengane yakho. Unendima enkulu okufanele uyidlale kulolu hambo.
Ingabe lokhu kwelashwa kuyasebenza ngempela?
Yebo, impela. Izifundo zithole ukuthi ngesikhathi izingane ezinenkinga yokuzwa ezithola ukwelashwa nge-AVT zingena ebangeni lokuqala, zikhombisa amakhono okukhuluma nawolimi afana, futhi ngezinye izikhathi angcono kakhulu kunalawo ezingane ezivamile. Zibhekana kahle nemfundo evamile, ziphumelela ezifundweni ezifana nezibalo nokufunda, zenza abangane, futhi zinokuzethemba okuhle.
Ukulahlekelwa ukuzwa kuyisimo esivamile sokuzalwa. Kodwa-ke, akulungile ukusho ukuthi ingane ayikwazi ukufunda ukuzwa ngoba nje inokukhubazeka kokuzwa. Ubuchwepheshe banamuhla, njengezinsiza zokuzwa kanye nokufakelwa kwe-cochlear, kanye nokwelashwa okufana ne-AVT kungaletha imiphumela emangalisayo.
Ubani ongathola lokhu kwelashwa?
Ukuze lokhu kwelashwa kuphumelele, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqala kusenesikhathi . Kungcono ukuqala kusenesikhathi ezinyangeni ezimbili noma ezintathu.
- Uma ingane yakho inenkinga yokuzwa.
- Uma ingane isebenzisa izinsiza zokuzwa noma izifakelo ze-cochlear.
- Akukho nkinga ukuthi ukulahlekelwa ukuzwa kuvela ekuzalweni noma kwenzeka kamuva ngenxa yesinye isizathu.
- Lokhu kwelashwa kufaneleka kunoma yikuphi ukulahlekelwa ukuzwa, kusukela kokuncane kuya kokubi kakhulu, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kunenkinga endlebeni eyodwa noma zombili, nokuthi ngabe lesi simo sesikhashana noma sihlala njalo.
Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukwenza ukuhlolwa kwe-Universal Newborn Hearing Screening (UNHS) ngesikhathi sokuzalwa. Uma kunenkinga, udokotela angakunikeza imishini edingekayo futhi akuthumelele ukwelashwa okunjalo ngokushesha okukhulu.
Ziyini Izinsiza Zokuzwa kanye Nezimila Ze-Cochlear?
Kalula nje, izinsizakuzwa zenza umsindo ube mkhulu. Kodwa noma uzwa umsindo umkhulu, awuqondi ukuthi uyini. I-AVT ikusiza ukuthi uthole lokho kuqonda.
Kunconywa ukuthi kufakwe i-cochlear implants ezinganeni ezingazuzi ngezinsiza zokuzwa. Uma kunenkinga nge-cochlea, ingxenye yendlebe yethu yangaphakathi eyonakele futhi enenkinga yokuthumela amaza omsindo ebuchosheni, le divayisi ifakwa ngokuhlinzwa. Iyadlula ingxenye eyonakele futhi ivumele umsindo ukuthi uzwakale ngqo ebuchosheni.
Uyini umehluko phakathi kwe-AVT nezinye izindlela zokwelapha?
Izindlela ezifana nokufunda izindebe noma ulimi lwezandla zincike ezibonelweni ezibonakalayo , okungukuthi, kulokho okubonayo ngamehlo akho. Okwenzekayo ukuthi ingxenye yobuchopho ebhekene nokuzwa, i-cortex yokuzwa, ayishukunyiswa futhi ayisebenzi.
Kodwa ekwelashweni kwe-AVT, kwenzeka okuphambene nalokho. Okwenzekayo lapha ukukhula "kobuchopho bokuzwa" kwengane. Okusho ukuthi, iqeqeshwe ukukhuluma nokuqonda ngokuzwa. Omunye umehluko okhethekile ukuthi abazali nomndeni benziwa abahlanganyeli ababalulekile kule nqubo.
Njengabazali, yini okufanele niyenze ekhaya?
Umeluleki uzoba ngumqeqeshi wakho oyinhloko ozokuqondisa. Qaphela lezi zinto uma usekhaya nengane yakho.
| Okudingeka ukwenze | Incazelo elula |
|---|---|
| Khuluma eduze kwedivayisi. | Khuluma eduze kwemakrofoni yensiza yokuzwa yengane noma i-cochlear implant. |
| Khuluma ngokwemvelo. | Khuluma kancane, ngokucacile, kodwa ngaphandle kokumemeza, ngezwi lakho elijwayelekile. |
| Nciphisa umsindo wangaphandle | Dala indawo ethule ngaphandle kwemisindo engadingekile njenge-TV, umsakazo, nabalandeli. |
| Phinda. | Uma into ingacaci enganeni, yiphinde kaningi ngangokunokwenzeka. |
| Khuluma ngokomzwelo. | Khuluma ngendlela eveza imizwa, ngesigqi kanye nephimbo. Lokhu kuzosiza ekudonseleni ukunaka kwengane emsindweni. |
Kungani le ndlela iphumelela kangaka?
Kunesizathu sesayensi salokhu. Iminyaka yokuqala engu-3.5 yokuphila kwengane iyisikhathi segolide sokukhula kobuchopho. Phakathi nalesi sikhathi, ubuchopho buguquguquka kakhulu. Lokho kusho ukuthi bunekhono elimangalisayo lokufunda izinto ezintsha nokwakha ukuxhumana okusha. Lokhu sikubiza ngokuthi i-neural plasticity .
Uma ingane enenkinga yokuzwa ingatholi ukukhuthazwa komsindo phakathi nalesi sikhathi, ubuchopho bujwayela kuphela izinto ezibonakalayo. Okusho ukuthi, buba "ubuchopho obubonakalayo." Kodwa lokho okwenziwa yi-AVT ukusebenzisa kahle lesi sikhathi segolide futhi kuguqula ubuchopho bube "ubuchopho bokuzwa nokubona."
Ulungiselela kanjani iseshini yokwelapha?
- Hlola ukuthi izinsiza zokuzwa zengane yakho zisebenza kahle ngaphambi kokuya esifundweni.
- Letha incwadi yokubhalela noma ifayela ukuze ubhale phansi amanothi nemisebenzi umelaphi wakho akunikeza yona.
- Kubaluleke kakhulu futhi ukugcina i-albhamu yokuqopha intuthuko yengane yakho nokuqoqa izithombe.
Lokhu kwelashwa kuvame ukuthatha iminyaka emithathu noma ngaphezulu, kodwa kungahluka kuye ngengane. Into ebalulekile ukuqhubeka nalokhu kuqeqeshwa ngemisebenzi yansuku zonke nengane yakho ekhaya, kanye nokuya emihlanganweni yokwelapha.
Kunabachwepheshe abambalwa abaqeqeshwe kahle (ochwepheshe bolimi abalalelayo nabakhulumayo - i-LSLS) emhlabeni. Ngakho-ke, kungaba nzima ukuthola oyedwa eSri Lanka. Kodwa-ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuxoxa ngalokhu nodokotela we-ENT noma uchwepheshe wezokukhuluma nolimi olapha ingane yakho futhi afune isiqondiso sakhe.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuxilonga ukulahlekelwa ukuzwa kwengane kusenesikhathi futhi unikeze izinsiza zokuzwa ezidingekayo ngokusekelwe ezeluleko zezokwelapha.
- Ukwelashwa Kokuzwa Nokukhuluma (AVT) kuyindlela yokwelapha ekhethekile efundisa ubuchopho bengane ukuqonda imisindo, okungukuthi, 'ukulalela'.
- Ukuhlanganyela okusebenzayo kwabazali kubalulekile ukuze kuphumelele lokhu kwelashwa. Ungumfundisi wokuqala nongcono kakhulu wengane yakho.
- Ngokungafani nolimi lwezandla, lokhu kunikeza ingane ithuba lokukhuluma ngokukhuluma njengabanye emphakathini ojwayelekile.
- Lolu hambo ludinga ukuzinikela nokubekezela. Kodwa umphumela wokugcina uwukutshalwa kwezimali okubaluleke kakhulu empilweni yonke yengane. Qiniseka ukuthi ukhuluma nodokotela wakho ngalokhu.
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