Cabanga nje, ingane yakho ibilokhu inomkhuhlane omncane izinsuku ezimbili noma ezintathu futhi manje izizwa ingcono kancane. Kodwa ngokuzumayo, kanye nomkhuhlane, ukuziphatha kwengane kuyashintsha, iba nobunzima bokuhamba , futhi amazwi ayo ayaphela lapho ekhuluma. Kujwayelekile kakhulu ukuthi noma yimuphi umama noma ubaba esaba lapho ebona into efana nale. I-ADEM, okuyisimo esingavamile kodwa esibi kakhulu esingabangela izimpawu ezifana nalezi, yilokho esikhuluma ngakho namuhla.
Iyini ngempela i-ADEM?
Kalula nje, i-ADEM (i-Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis) yisimo sokuvuvukala esingavamile esithinta ubuchopho nomgogodla. NgesiSinhala, singabizwa ngokuthi i-acute disseminated encephalomyelitis, kodwa njengoba lawo magama eyinkimbinkimbi kancane, sizosebenzisa igama elithi ADEM. Lesi simo sivame ukubonakala ezinganeni.
Izinzwa zethu zifana nezintambo zikagesi. Lezi zindwangu zezinzwa zinesembozo esivikelayo ezizungezile. Lokhu sikubiza ngokuthi i-myelin . Kufana nesigxobo sepulasitiki esisentanjeni kagesi . Lesi sigxobo se-myelin yisona esivumela imiyalezo yezinzwa ukuthi ihambe ngokushesha nangokunembile. Ku-ADEM, amasosha omzimba wethu ahlasela futhi alimaze lesi sigxobo se-myelin ngephutha. Lokhu kuphazamisa ukudluliselwa kwemiyalezo yezinzwa ebuchosheni nasemgogodleni.
Nakuba izimpawu zingaba zimbi kakhulu, into engcono kakhulu ukuthi kukhona ukwelashwa kwazo futhi abantu abaningi balulama ngokugcwele .
Ziyini izimpawu ze-ADEM?
Izimpawu ze-ADEM zingavela ngokuzumayo futhi zibhebhetheke ngokushesha. Ingane ingase ibe nesinye noma ngaphezulu salezi zimpawu.
Okubalulekile: Uma ingane yakho ivele ibe nesinye noma ngaphezulu kwalezi zimpawu ezilandelayo ngokuzumayo, ikakhulukazi uma iba nokuquleka noma i-coma, yiyise eMnyangweni Wezimo Eziphuthumayo (ETU) wesibhedlela ngokushesha.
| Isigaba sezimpawu | Izinto okufanele uzibone |
|---|---|
| Izici ezivamile | Umkhuhlane, ikhanda elibuhlungu, ukozela ngokweqile. |
| Izinguquko zokuziphatha | Ukuthukuthela ngaphandle kwesizathu, ukuzizwa ukhathazekile, udidekile. |
| Ukungakhululeki ngokomzimba | Isicanucanu nokuhlanza, ubuthakathaka bemisipha, ukulahlekelwa yibhalansi lapho uhamba. |
| Izici ezihlobene nesimiso sezinzwa | Izinkinga zokubona (ukubona kabili, ukubona okufiphele), ukukhuluma okungacacile, ukungazweli noma ukukhubazeka kolunye uhlangothi lomzimba. |
| Amacala abucayi | Ukuquleka, i-coma. |
Izimbangela kanye nezici eziyingozi zokuthuthukisa i-ADEM
Odokotela bakholelwa ukuthi i-ADEM iyisifo esibangelwa ukuzivikela komzimba . Lokhu kusho ukuthi amasosha omzimba wethu ahlasela ngephutha amangqamuzana nezicubu zethu ezinempilo. Kufana nebutho lethu elihlasela izwe lakithi.
Imbangela eqondile yalesi sifo sokuzivikela komzimba ayaziwa okwamanje, kodwa ivame ukwenzeka ngemva kokuba ingane isilulame ekuthelelekeni okuvamile ngegciwane, njengomkhuhlane, umkhuhlane, noma ubuhlungu besisu .
Akuvamile kakhulu ukuthi i-ADEM ibikwe ngemuva kokuthola eminye imigomo. Kodwa-ke, ucwaningo alukakafakazeli ukuxhumana okuqondile phakathi kwemigomo ne-ADEM. Ngezinye izikhathi, lezi zimpawu zingavela ngaphandle kwesizathu esicacile.
Yiziphi izinto ezibangela ingozi?
- Ubudala: Iziguli ezingaphezu kuka-80% ze-ADEM zingabantwana abangaphansi kweminyaka eyi-10. Abanye bangabantwana asebekhulile.
- Ubulili: Izingane zesilisa zinamathuba amancane okuba nalesi sifo kunezingane zesifazane.
- Isimo Sezulu: Kwamanye amazwe, amacala avame kakhulu ebusika nasentwasahlobo.
Uyini umehluko phakathi kwe-ADEM ne-MS (Multiple Sclerosis)?
Esinye isifo esinezimpawu ezifana neze-ADEM yilesiI-Multiple Sclerosis (MS). Zombili lezi zifo zilimaza i-myelin sheath. Ngenxa yalokho, izimpawu ezifana nobuthakathaka bemisipha, ukungazweli, kanye nezinkinga zokubona zingabonakala kuzo zombili. Kodwa kunomehluko ocacile phakathi kwalezi ezimbili.
| Isici | Isimo se-ADEM | Isimo se-MS (Multiple Sclerosis) |
|---|---|---|
| Iminyaka evamile kakhulu | Kuvamile phakathi kwezingane. | Akuvamile kakhulu ezinganeni. Kuvamile kubantu abadala. |
| Izici zokuqala | Izimpawu ezifana nomkhuhlane, ikhanda elibuhlungu, isithuthwane kanye nokulahlekelwa yinkumbulo zivame kakhulu. | Lezi zici azibonakali njalo. |
| Isimo sangaphambi kokutheleleka | Kuvame ukwenzeka ngemva kokutheleleka okujwayelekile kwegciwane. | Akukho ukuxhumana okucacile kangaka. |
| Ukuphinda kwalesi sifo | Esikhathini esiningi (cishe u-80%) kwenzeka kanye kuphela . | Izimpawu zivela ngezikhathi ezithile ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. |
I-ADEM ihlolwa kanjani?
Akukho ukuhlolwa okukodwa kokuxilonga i-ADEM. Udokotela wakho uzohlola ngokucophelela izimpawu zakho futhi azame ukukhipha ezinye izimo ezinezimpawu ezifanayo. Kusetshenziswa izivivinyo ezimbili eziyinhloko ukwenza lokhu.
1. Ukuskena kwe-MRI:Ukuhlolwa okusebenzisa amasimu kazibuthe namagagasi omsakazo ukukhiqiza izithombe ezinemininingwane zobuchopho nomgogodla. Umonakalo wobuchopho obonakala ku-ADEM uhlukile kumonakalo obonakala ku-MS. Ku-ADEM, umonakalo ungase usabalale kakhulu.
2. Ukubhoboza Kwethambo: Lokhu kuhilela ukusebenzisa inalithi encane kakhulu ukuthatha inani elincane loketshezi lwe-cerebrospinal emgogodleni bese ulihlola. Ku-ADEM, uketshezi lungase lube nenani elikhulu lamaseli amhlophe egazi. Amanye amaprotheni abonakala ku-MS awabonakali ku-ADEM.
Lokhu kuhlolwa kungavimbela nokutheleleka kobuchopho njenge-meningitis.
Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha i-ADEM?
Umgomo oyinhloko wokwelashwa ukulawula ngokushesha ukuvuvukala ebuchosheni nasemgogodleni kanye nokuvimba ukuhlasela okungalungile kwesimiso somzimba sokuzivikela. Lokhu kudinga ukuba ingane ilele esibhedlela isonto elilodwa noma amabili.
- Ama-Corticosteroids: Iningi labantu liqala ukwelashwa ngama-steroid anesilinganiso esiphezulu anikezwa nge-intravenously (IV). Lokhu kungasiza ingane yakho ukuthi izizwe ingcono phakathi namahora ambalwa. Ngemva kwezinsuku ezimbalwa, umuthi uzoncishiswa kancane kancane ube yiphilisi noma isiraphu esikhathini esingamasonto amaningana.
- Ezinye izindlela zokwelapha: Uma imithi yama-steroid ingafaneleki enganeni noma ingasebenzi kahle, kunezinye izindlela zokwelapha ezizolisa amasosha omzimba.
- I-Plasmapheresis: Kulokhu, umshini uthatha igazi lengane, uhlunge ama-antibodies ayingozi, bese ubuyisela igazi elihlanziwe emzimbeni.
- I-Intravenous Immunoglobulin (IVIG): Ama-antibodies atholakala kubantu abaphilile anikezwa ingane ngomthambo, olawula ukusebenza kwesimiso somzimba sokuzivikela somntwana.
Ngemva kokuphuma esibhedlela, ingane ingadinga ukwelashwa ngokomzimba, ukwelashwa ngokomsebenzi, noma ukwelashwa ngokukhuluma.
Unjani umbono?
Lena yinto ebaluleke kakhulu. Iningi lezingane ezine-ADEM liyalulama ngokuphelele. Kodwa-ke, le nqubo yokululama ingaba yinde. Kungathatha amasonto angu-4-6 noma ngisho nonyaka ukuze lilulame ngokugcwele.
Ngezinye izikhathi, izingane zingase zingalulami kuzo zonke izimpawu. Zingase ziqhubeke nokuba nezinto ezifana nezinkinga zokubona noma ubuthakathaka bemisipha. Imfundo nayo ingathinteka.
Esikhathini esiningi (izikhathi ezingu-8 kwezingu-10) i-ADEM ivele kanye kuphela. Kodwa akuvamile, ingaphinde ivele zingakapheli izinyanga ezimbalwa. Ezimweni ezingavamile kakhulu, ingane ene-ADEM ingaba ne-MS kamuva. Ezimweni ezingaphansi kuka-2%, i-ADEM ingaba yingozi. Yingakho kubalulekile ukufuna iseluleko sezokwelapha ngokushesha nje lapho kuvela izimpawu.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- I-ADEM yisimo esibucayi kodwa esingelapheka esithinta ubuchopho kanye nomgogodla wezingane.
- Uma uhlangabezana nezimpawu ezifana nomkhuhlane, izinguquko zokuziphatha, kanye nobunzima bokuhamba, okuvame ukulandelwa umkhuhlane ovamile wegciwane, bona udokotela wakho ngokushesha.
- Lokhu kuhlukile ku-MS (Multiple Sclerosis), lapho i-ADEM ivame ukwenzeka kanye kuphela.
- Ngokwelashwa okufanele, izingane eziningi zingalulama ngokuphelele, kodwa inqubo yokuphulukiswa ingathatha isikhathi.
- Uma ubona izimpawu ezinzima njengokuquleka noma ukulahlekelwa ingqondo, thatha ingane uyiyise e-Emergency Treatment Unit (ETU) esibhedlela ngokushesha.
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