Uma udokotela wakho ethi ku-X-ray noma ku-CT scan yakho ukuthi "unesimila esincane/isimila emaphashini akho," kuvamile ukuzwa ukwesaba nokushaqeka ngokuzumayo. Lapho sizwa igama elithi "isimila," izingqondo zethu zivele zigxumele esimweni esesabekayo somdlavuza. Kodwa ngaphambi kokuba wesabe ngempela, udinga ukuqonda lokhu: Akuzona zonke izimila ezinesifo somdlavuza. Namuhla, sizokhuluma ngezimila ezingezona ezomdlavuza, ezingeyona ingozi ezakha emaphashini.
Kalula nje, ziyini lezi zimila zamaphaphu ezingezona ezomdlavuza?
"Ithumba" liqoqo lamaseli akha endaweni eyodwa ngenxa yokungajwayelekile enkambisweni yokuhlukana kwamaseli emzimbeni wethu. Lawa mathumba angakheka lapho amaseli amadala engafi njengoba kufanele ajwayele, noma lapho amaseli ehlukana ngokushesha. Lawa angakheka ezicutshini zamaphaphu noma emigwaqweni yomoya ethwala umoya uye emaphashini.
Kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko zamathumba emaphashini:
1. Amathumba Amabi: Lawa yilokho esikubiza ngokuthi umdlavuza. Lawa angasakazekela kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba.
2. Ama-Tumors Angewona Awesifo Somdlavuza: Lawa awasabalali kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba. Lezi yizihloko esikhuluma ngazo namuhla.
Uma udokotela ekutshela ukuthi, "Isigaxa esisemaphashini akho asibonakali njengomdlavuza, asiyingozi" (siyingozi), kusho ukuthini lokho? Ake sibheke umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwesigaxa esinomdlavuza nesigaxa esingenawo umdlavuza.
| Isici | Amathumba Angewona Awemvelo | Amathumba Amabi |
|---|---|---|
| Ukukhula | Ikhula kancane kakhulu. Ngezinye izikhathi ukukhula kungase kume noma kunciphe. | Ikhula ngokushesha okukhulu. |
| Ukubhebhetheka | Akusabalali kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba. | Kungasakazekela kwezinye izitho zomzimba ngegazi noma uhlelo lwe-lymphatic. |
| Ingabe kusongela impilo? | Esikhathini esiningi, akukho usongo empilweni. | Uma ingelashwa, ingaba yingozi empilweni. |
| Ukususwa | Ngokuvamile, akudingeki ukuthi isuswe ngokuhlinzwa. Udokotela uzoyiqapha. | Ngokuvamile kudinga ukususwa noma ukulawulwa ngokuhlinzwa, ukwelashwa ngemisebe, noma ezinye izindlela zokwelapha. |
Ingabe zikhona izinhlobo zezimila zamaphaphu ezingezona ezomdlavuza?
Yebo, kunezinhlobo eziningana zezimila ezingezona ezomdlavuza. Ngokuvamile, izimila ezincane kune-3 centimeters (cishe amasentimitha angu-1.2) zibizwa ngokuthi "amaqhubu." Lawo amakhulu kunalawo abizwa ngokuthi "ama-mass." Iqhubu elinjengaleli elakheka emaphashini libizwa ngokuthi "iqhubu lamaphaphu."
Nazi ezinye zezinhlobo eziyinhloko:
Ama-Hamartoma
Lolu uhlobo oluvame kakhulu lwesimila samaphaphu esingesona umdlavuza. Sakhiwe izicubu ezivamile njenge-cartilage, amafutha, kanye nemisipha. Kodwa izicubu zihlanganiswa ndawonye ngendlela exakile nengavamile. Ku-X-ray, zingabukeka njengohlamvu lwemali oluyindilinga. Ngezinye izikhathi zingabukeka njengebhola le-popcorn. Ngokuvamile azilimazi ezinye izicubu.
Ama-Adenoma e-Bronchial
Lezi ezinye izinhlobo ezivamile. Zikhula emigudwini yomoya eyinhloko (i-bronchi) ethwala umoya uye emaphashini nasema-mucous glands.
Ama-papillomas
Lezi azivamile kangako. Zibukeka njengezimila eziphuma odongeni lwangaphakathi lwendlela yomoya. Kunezinhlobo ezintathu zalezi:
- Ama-Squamous Papillomas: Lawa angenzeka ezinganeni nakubantu abadala. Abangelwa igciwane elibizwa ngokuthi "i-Human Papillomavirus - HPV". Leli gciwane libangela nezinhlungu kanye nezinye izifo ezithathelwana ngocansi. Lezi zinhlobo zamathumba ngezinye izikhathi zingaba umdlavuza .
- Ama-Glandular Papillomas: Lawa awavamile neze. Akheka emigudwini emikhulu yendlela yokuphefumula. Imbangela eqondile ayaziwa.
- Ama-Papillomas Axubile: Lokhu kuyinhlanganisela yezinhlobo ezimbili okukhulunywe ngazo ngenhla. Lawa futhi awavamile ukuphenduka umdlavuza.
Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuthi, akufanele wenze zonke lezi zinqumo wedwa. Udokotela wakho uzokutshela ngqo ukuthi hlobo luni nokuthi luyingozi noma cha, ngokusekelwe ekubunjweni, usayizi, kanye nezinye izici ze-CT scan.
Kungani izimila zifana nalezi? Ziyini izimpawu?
Izindaba ezinhle ukuthi abantu abangaphezu kuka-90% abanalesi simo abanazo izimpawu . Iningi lalezi zimpawu litholakala ngengozi. Odokotela bazibona kuphela uma benza i-X-ray yesifuba noma i-CT scan ngesinye isizathu.
Kodwa-ke, ezimweni ezingavamile, umuntu angase abe nezimpawu. Uma kunjalo, zingase zihlanganise:
- Ukukhwehlela okuncane obekukhona isikhathi eside
- Ubunzima bokuphefumula (ukuphelelwa umoya)
- Noma yikuphi ukungakhululeki noma ubuhlungu esifubeni
- Ukuphefumula
- Ukukhwehlela igazi elincane (i-hemoptysis)
Yiziphi izizathu ezenza lokhu kwenzeke?
Kunezimbangela eziningana ezingaba khona zamaqhubu emaphashini angewona umdlavuza.
- Ukutheleleka: Ukutheleleka ngamagciwane njengesifo sofuba (TB) noma ezinye izifo zesikhunta kungabangela ukuvuvukala emaphashini, futhi kungakheka amaqhubu amancane (ama-granuloma) kulezo zindawo.
- Ukuvuvukala: Ukuvuvukala okubangelwa yizifo zesimiso somzimba sokuzivikela, njenge-rheumatoid arthritis, nakho kungabangela lokhu.
- Izimo zokuzalwa: Ngezinye izikhathi ama-cyst amancane noma izibazi ezikhona emaphashini ngesikhathi sokuzalwa zingavela kamuva njengezimbotshana ezinjengalezi.
- Ezinye izimbangela: Kwezinye izimo, akukho sizathu esithile esingatholakala.
Udokotela wazi kanjani ukuthi lokhu akusiwo umdlavuza?
Udokotela wakho uzosebenzisa izici eziningana ukuze anqume ukuthi leli qhubu linomdlavuza noma cha.
1. Usayizi kanye nezinga lokukhula kwefindo:
- Uma iqhubu lincane , kulapho kungenzeka khona ukuthi lingabi nomdlavuza.
- Izimila ezingezona umdlavuza zikhula kancane kakhulu futhi zingase zingabi zinkulu iminyaka eminingi.
- Izimila zomdlavuza zivame ukuphindeka kabili ngobukhulu phakathi nezinyanga ezimbalwa, ngakho udokotela uzokwenza esinye i-CT scan ezinyangeni ezimbalwa kamuva ukuze abone ukuthi isimila sesikhule kakhulu yini.
2. Ukuma kanye nokuqukethwe kwefindo:
- Izimila ezingezona umdlavuza ngokuvamile zinobuso obubushelelezi nesimo esicacile nesiyindilinga .
- Izimila zomdlavuza zingase zingabi nesimo esingavamile futhi zibe nobuso obumahhadlahhadla.
- Uma i-calcium ikhona esigaxeni ku-CT scan, izobonakala imhlophe. Uma i-calcium ikhona, kungenzeka ukuthi iyisimila esingenawo umdlavuza esibe khona isikhathi eside.
Nakuba lezi zimpawu zingatholakala cishe ngo-99%, ezimweni ezingavamile, uma kukhona ukungabaza, udokotela angadinga ukwenza isivivinyo. Lokhu sikubiza ngokuthi "i-Biopsy".
Kuyini ukuhlolwa kwe-biopsy?
I-biopsy inqubo lapho kuthathwa khona ingxenye encane kakhulu yezicubu esiqwini esisolisayo bese ihlolwa ngaphansi kwe-microscope ukuze kubonakale ukuthi iqukethwe uhlobo luni lwamaseli. Kunezindlela eziningana zokwenza lokhu. Enye indlela ibizwa ngokuthi i-bronchoscopy. Lokhu kuhilela ukufaka ithubhu elincane (elinekhamera) phansi emphinjeni, emaphashini, bese kuthathwa ingxenye encane yezicubu lapho kukhona khona iqhubu. Uzonikezwa i-anesthesia phakathi nale nqubo, ngakho ngeke uzizwe ungakhululekile.
Ilashwa kanjani? Ingabe la mathumba adinga ukususwa?
Ezimweni eziningi, izimila zamaphaphu ezingezona ezomdlavuza azidingi ukwelashwa . Into engcono kakhulu udokotela wakho angayenza ukulandela indlela "yokubuka nokulinda".
Lokhu kusho ukuthi uzocelwa ukuba wenze i-CT scan njalo ngezikhathi ezithile (njengezinyanga eziyi-6 noma unyaka) ukuze ubone ukuthi usayizi noma ukuma kwesimila kushintshile yini. Uma kungekho shintsho, akukho okufanele ukhathazeke ngakho.
Kodwa-ke, ezimweni ezilandelayo, udokotela angase ancome ukuthi kususwe iqhubu nge-biopsy noma ngokuhlinzwa:
- Uma ubhema noma usengozini enkulu yokuba nomdlavuza.
- Uma unezimpawu ezifana nobunzima bokuphefumula .
- Uma isimila siqhubeka nokukhula ngobukhulu kuma-scan ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
- Uma ukuhlolwa kubonisa ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthi umdlavuza.
Yimiphi imibuzo okufanele uyibuze udokotela wakho?
Kuvamile ukuba nemibuzo eminingi uma uthola ngesimo esinjengalesi. Ungesabi noma ungabaze ukubuza udokotela wakho le mibuzo.
- "Udokotela wazi kanjani ukuthi nginesimila emaphashini ami?"
- "Uqinisekile ukuthi lokhu akusiwo umdlavuza, akusiyingozi?"
- "Luhlobo luni lwesimila enginaso?"
- "Ingabe kuzodingeka ngenze ezinye izivivinyo?"
- "Ingabe ngidinga ukwelashwa? Noma kufanele siqaphele lokhu?"
- "Kuzomele ngibuye nini ukuzohlolwa?"
- "Ingabe kufanele ngibone udokotela wamaphaphu?"
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- Ungakhathazeki uma uzwa amagama athi “isimila samaphaphu” noma “isimila.” Iningi lala maqhubu abonakala kuma-X-ray noma kuma-CT scan awawona umdlavuza futhi awayona ingozi .
- Abantu abaningi ababi nazo izimpawu zalezi zimo. Zitholakala ngengozi.
- Udokotela wakho uzobheka usayizi, ukuma, kanye nezinga lokukhula kwesimila ukuze anqume ukuthi siyingozi noma cha.
- Ngokuvamile, akukho ukwelashwa okudingekayo. Okudingekayo nje ukuskena njalo nokuqapha .
- Uma ubhema, lesi isikhathi esihle sokuyeka . Ukubhema kuyisici esikhulu esiyingozi somdlavuza wamaphaphu.
- Uma uba nezimpawu ezintsha njengokukhwehlela, ubunzima bokuphefumula, noma ubuhlungu besifuba, bonana nodokotela wakho ngokushesha.
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