Ingabe wena noma ingane yakho ninayo i-thalassemia? Ake sixoxe nge-Beta Thalassemia

Ingabe uhlala uzizwa ukhathele futhi ukhathele? Ngezinye izikhathi sicabanga ukuthi lezi zinto zivamile, kodwa ngemuva kwazo kungase kube nesifo esihlobene negazi. I-Beta Thalassemia yisifo esidluliselwa kusuka esizukulwaneni kuya kwesinye ezizalweni zethu, kodwa singelashwa. Abantu abaningi banokwesaba nokungabaza ngalokhu. Ngakho-ke namuhla, ake sixoxe ngalokhu ngokucacile nangokulula.

Kalula nje, iyini i-beta thalassemia?

Kulula kakhulu. Sinamaseli egazini lethu abizwa ngamaseli abomvu egazi. Lawa maseli anesibopho sokuthwala umoya-mpilo kuzo zonke izingxenye zomzimba wethu. Kukhona iphrotheni ekhethekile esiza amaseli abomvu egazi ukwenza lo msebenzi kahle, ebizwa ngokuthi i-hemoglobin .

Manje, kumuntu one-beta thalassemia, umzimba awukhiqizi ngokwanele le phrotheni ebizwa ngokuthi i-hemoglobin. Kwenzekani-ke? Amaseli abomvu egazi awakwazi ukwenza umsebenzi wawo kahle, futhi abhujiswa ngokushesha.

Uma kungekho amangqamuzana abomvu egazi anempilo anele, umzimba awutholi umoya-mpilo owudingayo. Lesi simo sibizwa ngokuthi i-anemia . I-anemia ingakwenza uzizwe ukhathele, ubuthakathaka, futhi uphelelwa umoya. Uma lesi simo siqhubeka, singalimaza nezitho ezibalulekile emzimbeni wethu.

Yiziphi izinhlobo eziyinhloko ze-beta thalassemia?

Kunezinhlobo ezintathu eziyinhloko ze-beta thalassemia, kuye ngokuthi zibucayi kangakanani. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqonda lokhu ngokunembile.

Ziyini izimpawu zalesi sifo?

Izimpawu zingahluka kumuntu nomuntu, kuye ngohlobo lwe-thalassemia onayo nokuthi inzima kangakanani.

• Umuntu one- thalassemia minor angase angabi nazimpawu.
• Abantu abane -thalassemia intermedia kanye ne-major bangase babe nesinye noma ngaphezulu kwalezi zimpawu ezilandelayo:
• Isikhumba esiphaphathekile: Isikhumba sibonakala siphaphathekile futhi sishintsha umbala ngenxa yokuntuleka kwegazi.
• Ukukhathala okukhulu kanye nobuthakathaka: Ukuzizwa ukhathele, ukhathele njalo.
• Ukuqunjelwa kwesisu: Isisu siphuma phambili ngenxa yokwanda kwezitho zomzimba ezifana nesibindi kanye ne-spleen.
• Umchamo onombala omnyama: Umchamo uba mnyama ngombala.
• Ukukhubazeka kokukhula: Intuthuko yomzimba yezingane yenzeka kancane kakhulu kunezinye izingane.
• Ukukhubazeka kwamathambo ebusweni: Kwezinye izimo ezinzima, izinguquko esimweni samathambo ebusweni.
• I-Jaundice: Ukuphuzi kwesikhumba kanye nokumhlophe kwamehlo.

Ungasithola kanjani lesi sifo?

Lesi sifo sivame ukutholakala siphakathi kweminyaka engu-6 no-12. Singatholakala ngengozi uma uvakashela udokotela ngenxa yezimpawu ze-anemia, noma ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kwegazi okuvamile okwenziwe ngesinye isizathu.

Ngezinye izikhathi, uma ubona i-anemia, ungase ucabange ngephutha ukuthi imbangela iwukuntuleka kwensimbi. Uma unikeza amaphilisi ensimbi ngaleso sikhathi, kungaba yingozi esigulini esine-thalassemia. Ngakho-ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukubona udokotela wegazi ukuze axilonge lesi sifo ngendlela efanele.

Njengoba kuyenzeka emindenini, kungase kube nabantu abane-thalassemia emndenini wakho noma ezihlotsheni zakho. Futhi, lesi sifo sivame kakhulu kubantu abavela emazweni afana ne-Asia, iMpumalanga Ephakathi, i-Italy, kanye neGrisi.

Ezinye zezivivinyo eziyinhloko ezisetshenziswa ukuxilonga lesi sifo yilezi:

• Ukubalwa Kwegazi Okuphelele (i-CBC): Lokhu kuhlola inani, usayizi, kanye nokuvuthwa kwamaseli abomvu egazi, amaseli amhlophe egazi, nama-platelet egazini lakho.
• I-Hemoglobin electrophoresis: Lokhu kusetshenziselwa ukuthola ukuthi yiziphi izinhlobo ze-hemoglobin ezisegazini lakho nokuthi zingaki.
• Ukuhlolwa komama abakhulelwe: Uma umama okhulelwe enesimo sokuthwala i-thalassemia, ukuhlolwa okufana ne -Chorionic villus sampling (CVS) noma i-Amniocentesis kungenziwa ukuze kutholakale ukuthi ingane esibelethweni nayo ithintekile yini.

Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha?

Ukwelashwa okutholayo kuzoncika ohlotsheni lwakho lwe-thalassemia kanye nobunzima bayo.

• Kulabo abanezimo eziphansi (ezincane): Akukho ukwelashwa okungadingeka.
• Kubantu abasesimweni esiphakathi nendawo: Ngezinye izikhathi, njengalapho kuvela ukugula noma ukutheleleka, kungadingeka ukumpontshelwa igazi.
• Kulabo abasesimweni esibucayi (Esiphezulu): Njengoba laba bantu benesifo sokuntuleka kwegazi esibi kakhulu, ukumpontshelwa igazi njalo kubalulekile.

Ukunikela ngegazi njalo kungaholela ekuqongeleleni kwensimbi okungadingekile emzimbeni. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi "ukugcwala kwensimbi." Le nsimbi eningi inganqwabelana ezithweni ezifana nenhliziyo nesibindi bese izilimaza. Ukuvimbela lokhu, kwenziwa ukwelashwa kokususa insimbi eningi emzimbeni. Kubizwa ngokuthi ukwelashwa kwe-iron chelation . Lokhu kunikezwa njengephilisi noma umjovo.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, izindlela zokwelapha ezilandelayo zingasetshenziswa njengoba kuqondiswe udokotela wakho:

• Ukuhlinzwa kokususwa kwe-spleen.
• Ukufakelwa komnkantsha .
• Izindlela zokwelapha zesimanje ezifana nokwelashwa kwezakhi zofuzo .

Ungaphila kanjani uphilile nge-thalassemia?

Nakuba ukuhlala ne-thalassemia kungaba yinselele, kunezinto eziningi ongazenza ukuze uzinakekele.

Izinto ongazenza

• Ukudla okunempilo: Yidla izithelo nemifino eminingi. Kodwa-ke, buza udokotela wakho ukuthi kufanele yini unciphise ukudla okune-iron eningi (inyama, inhlanzi, imifino ethile, kanye nokusanhlamvu okuqiniswe i-iron) .
• Ukuzivocavoca okuvamile: Zivocavoce kancane njengokuhamba nokuhamba ngebhayisikili.
• Landela imiyalelo yezokwelapha: Landela izinsuku onikela ngazo ngegazi kanye nezikhathi ophuza ngazo imithi yakho ngqo. Bona udokotela wakho ngezinsuku ezihleliwe.
• Zivikele ezifweni: Geza izandla zakho njalo. Hlala kude nabantu abagulayo.
• Goma: Thola yonke imijovo enconywe udokotela wakho, njengomjovo womkhuhlane, ngesikhathi.
• Cabanga ngempilo yakho yengqondo: Kunzima ukuhamba lolu hambo wedwa. Khuluma nomndeni wakho nabangani. Uma kudingeka, funa usizo kudokotela wezifo zengqondo noma kudokotela wengqondo.

Iseluleko sabanakekeli

Uma ungumnakekeli wengane noma ilungu lomndeni eline-thalassemia, indima yakho ibaluleke kakhulu.