Ingabe umbiko webele lakho uthi (BI-RADS)? Uyazi ukuthi kuyini lokho? Ake sixoxe ngemininingwane!

Uma usuhlolwe i-ultrasound, i-mammogram, noma i-MRI yebele lakho, kungenzeka ukuthi uke wabona into ebizwa ngokuthi i-BI-RADS embikweni. Noma udokotela wakho kungenzeka ukuthi ukutshelile ngakho. Ngakho-ke, kubantu abaningi, lokhu akujwayelekile, ngakho bangase badideke kancane bese bebuza, "Kuyini lokhu kwe-BI-RADS?" Ungakhathazeki, ake sixoxe ngakho kalula nangokucacile.

Kuyini i-'BI-RADS'? Kungani isetshenziswa?

Kalula nje, i-`BI-RADS` isifinyezo samagama esiNgisi athi "Breast Imaging-Reporting and Data System" . NgesiSinhala, isho into efana ne-"Breast Imaging and Data System". Lolu uhlelo olubaluleke kakhulu. Ngoba, hhayi eSri Lanka kuphela, kodwa emhlabeni wonke, odokotela be-radiology (okungukuthi, odokotela abenza ama-scan afana ne-`(Ultrasound)`, `(Mammogram)` futhi bahlaziye imiphumela yabo) basebenzisa lolu hlelo ukurekhoda ulwazi emibikweni yakho yokuhlolwa kwebele.

Cabanga nje, wenze i-mammogram endaweni ethile, kanti omunye umuntu wakwenza kwenye indawo. Bekungaba yinto edidayo kangakanani ukube wonke umuntu ubengakhulumi ngaleyo miphumela ngendlela efanayo, ngolimi olufanayo? Lolu hlelo lwe-BI-RADS selwethulwe njengesixazululo saleyo nkinga.

Kwakunezizathu ezimbili eziyinhloko zokwethula lolu hlelo:

1. Yenza kube nokubika okujwayelekile: Misa indlela ejwayelekile yodokotela be-radiology yokubika okutholakele ekuhlolweni kwamabele. Lokhu kuzoqinisekisa ukuthi wonke umuntu, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ukuphi emhlabeni, uyaqonda ulwazi ngendlela efanayo. Lokhu kuzonciphisa kakhulu ingozi yokungaqondani kahle.

2. Yenza kube lula ukuqonda ingozi yomdlavuza webele: Ukuveza ingozi yakho yokuba nomdlavuza webele ngendlela elula kuwe nakwabanye odokotela abakwelaphayo.

Ungase ungaluboni uphawu lwe-`(BI-RADS)` ngqo kurekhodi lakho lezokwelapha le-elekthronikhi (`(Irekhodi Lezokwelapha Le-elekthronikhi)`). Kodwa-ke, lukhona nakanjani kurekhodi likadokotela wakho. Ungabuza udokotela wakho ukuthi luyini uphawu lwakho lwe-`(BI-RADS)` nokuthi lusho ukuthini. Leli yilungelo lakho.

Yiziphi izigaba ze-'BI-RADS'? Athini amaphuzu akho?

Izigaba ze-BI-RADS zivame ukubalwa kusukela ku-zero (0) kuya kwesithupha (6). Lolu uhlelo olufanayo olusetshenziswayo kungakhathaliseki ukuthi uhlolwe kanjani amabele (i-Mammogram, i-Ultrasound, i-MRI). Kodwa-ke, kuye ngokuthi uthola amaphuzu e-BI-RADS, ukunakekelwa kwakho kokulandelela kungahluka. Isibonelo, uma une-Mammogram futhi uthola amaphuzu e-BI-RADS, udokotela wakho angase ancome enye i-Mammogram, i-Ultrasound, i-MRI, noma i-Biopsy (isampula encane yezicubu iyasuswa ukuze ihlolwe).

Ake sibone ukuthi ngasinye salezi zigaba sithini nje:

• `BI-RADS 0`: Akuphelele
• Lokhu kusho ukuthi ukuhlolwa akukwazi ukufinyelela esiphethweni esiphelele nokuthi kudingeka ulwazi olwengeziwe. Kungadingeka ukuqhathanisa imibiko yangaphambilini ye-`(Mammogram)`, noma ungase ucelwe ukuthi wenze ukubukwa okuqondile kwe-`(Mammogram)` noma ukuhlolwa kwe-`(Ultrasound)`. Lokhu akusho ukuthi kukhona okungahambi kahle, kusho ukuthi ulwazi alwanele.

• `BI-RADS 1`: Okubi
• Lona umphumela omuhle kakhulu! Lokhu kusho ukuthi akukho ziqhubu noma izinguquko ezisolisayo ezitholakale emabeleni akho. Konke kujwayelekile. Kunconywa ukuthi uhlolwe njalo amabele (`(Ukuhlolwa okuvamile)`) ngesikhathi esihleliwe.

• `BI-RADS 2`: Ukuthola Okuhle
• Lokhu futhi kuwumphumela omuhle. Lokhu kusho ukuthi noma ngabe kukhona okutholakala ebeleni (isibonelo, i-cyst egcwele uketshezi, iqhubu elingelona umdlavuza njenge-fibroadenoma), akulona umdlavuza futhi alinabungozi . Akukho okufanele ukhathazeke ngakho noma ngabe kukhona izinto ezinjalo. Kulesi simo, kunconywa futhi ukuhlola amabele ngesikhathi esijwayelekile.

• `BI-RADS 3`: Mhlawumbe Kuhle, Kunconywa Ukulandelela Kwesikhashana Esifushane
• Lokhu kusho ukuthi okutholakele akunakwenzeka ukuthi kube umdlavuza ngo-98%, okusho ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthi awunangozi . Kodwa-ke, ukuze uqiniseke ngokuphelele, kunconywa ukuthi uphinde uhlolwe (i-Mammogram noma i-Ultrasound) ezinyangeni ezingaba ngu-6. Lokhu kwenzelwa ukubona ukuthi okutholakele kuyashintsha noma kuba kukhulu yini ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Esikhathini esiningi, lezi zinto zihlala zifana noma ziyanyamalala. Ngakho ungakhathazeki.

• `BI-RADS 4`: Ukungajwayelekile Okusolisayo, I-Biopsy Kufanele Icatshangelwe
• Lesi yisibonakaliso esenza abantu abaningi bakhathazeke. Lokhu kusho ukuthi kunethuba lokuthi lokho okutholakale ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kunesifo somdlavuza, ngakho-ke kuyasolisa . Kodwa i-'BI-RADS 4' ayisho ukuthi kukhona umdlavuza. Ingozi yomdlavuza ingasukela ku-2% kuya ku-95%. Ngakho-ke, udokotela angancoma i-'(Biopsy)', okusho ukuthatha ingcezu encane yezicubu bese uyihlola, ukuze athole ukuthi lokhu kuyini ngempela.
• Isigaba se-`BI-RADS 4` sihlukaniswe ngamaqembu amancane amathathu (4A, 4B, 4C), okubonisa ingozi ephansi, ephakathi nendawo, neyanda kancane yomdlavuza. Udokotela wakho uzokutshela okwengeziwe ngalokhu. Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukungesabi imiphumela yokuba ne-`(Biopsy)`, kodwa ukukwenza futhi uthole ngokuqinisekile.

• `BI-RADS 5`: Kusikisela Kakhulu Ukulimala, I-Biopsy Inconywa Kakhulu
• Lokhu kusho ukuthi yini etholakele.Amathuba okuba nomdlavuza (`(Malignancy)`) aphezulu kakhulu (ngaphezu kuka-95%). Ngakho-ke, kunconywa ukuthi kwenziwe i-`(Biopsy)` ukuqinisekisa lokhu. Kuyadabukisa ukuthola lo mphumela, kodwa kubalulekile ukwenza ukuxilongwa okunembile nokuqala ukwelashwa ngokushesha okukhulu.

• `BI-RADS 6`: Ukulimala Okwaziwayo Okufakazelwe Nge-Biopsy
• Lesi sigaba sisetshenziselwa ukuhlolwa osuvele ukwenzile ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi unomdlavuza webele futhi uselashwa ngawo . Isibonelo, lolu phawu lusetshenziswa ekuhlolweni okwenziwa ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa ukuze kubonakale ukuthi umdlavuza mkhulu kangakanani nokuthi uzosabela kanjani ekwelashweni.

Uhlelo lwe-BI-RADS lwaqala ukwethulwa ngo-1993 yi-American College of Radiology (ACR) ukuze kwenziwe imibiko ye-mammography ibe yiyo ejwayelekile. Kamuva lwashintshwa ukuze lusetshenziswe kwi-MRI kanye ne-ultrasound. Yingakho odokotela be-radiology emhlabeni wonke besebenzisa amagama afanayo lapho bekhuluma ngokuhlolwa kwamabele.

Yiziphi izinzuzo zesistimu ye-'BI-RADS'?

Kunezinzuzo eziningana eziyinhloko zale ndlela:

• Ukulinganisa: Njengoba sishilo ngaphambili, odokotela be-radiology bonke babika okutholakele ngendlela efanayo, besebenzisa amagama afanayo. Lokhu kuvumelana kuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yemibiko futhi kunciphisa ukungaqondani. Ngisho noma usuka komunye udokotela uye komunye, umbiko kulula ukuwuqonda.
• Ukuhlolwa kwengozi: Indlela ethi `(BI-RADS)` inikeza isilinganiso esilinganiselwe sengozi yakho yokuba nomdlavuza webele. Lokhu kukusiza ukuthi uhlele ukuthi ukuhlolwa okulandelayo kufanele kwenziwe ngokushesha kangakanani (`(Okuphuthumayo)`).
• Ukusebenza Kahle: Ngokuhlukanisa imiphumela yokuhlolwa ngale ndlela, odokotela be-radiology akudingeki bachaze okutholakele kwabo ngezindlela ezahlukene isikhathi ngasinye. Lokhu konga isikhathi futhi kwenza umsebenzi usebenze kahle kakhulu.

Cabanga nje, uma umbiko wakho uthi "BI-RADS 2", wena, udokotela wakho womndeni, kanye nodokotela wakho womdlavuza ( uma kudingeka ) nonke niyaqonda ngokuzumayo ukuthi kusho ukuthini. Yilokho okulula kakhulu kwalokhu.

Ingabe kukhona izinkinga ohlelweni lwe-'BI-RADS'?

Nakuba le ndlela iwusizo, inemikhawulo kanye nezinkinga ezithile:

• Ukucabanga ngokwengqondo: Kukhona indawo ethile yokwahlulela komuntu siqu kanye nokuhlangenwe nakho kukadokotela we-radiology lapho enquma isigaba ngokusekelwe kulokho okutholakala kuskeni. Uma abantu ababili bebheka ukuskeni okufanayo, kungase kube nomehluko omncane kakhulu .
• Imiphumela engamanga: Nakuba ingavamile kakhulu, imiphumela engamanga ingaba khona.- Okusho ukuthi, kungase kubonakale sengathi akukho mdlavuza - noma kungase kube nezimpawu ezingezinhle - okungukuthi, kungase kuphuthelwe umdlavuza yize ukhona. Uma lokhu kwenzeka, kungase kubangele ukukhathazeka okungadingekile noma kubambezele ukutholakala komdlavuza. Kodwa, khumbula, lokhu akuvamile kakhulu.
• Okungacacisiwe: Nakuba le ndlela yokuqoqa imiphumela yokuhlolwa ichaza okutholakele okusolisayo, imininingwane eyengeziwe mayelana nokutholakele okusolisayo (njengosayizi wako, ukuma, indawo) ayinikezwa ilebula ethi ``(BI-RADS)`` kuphela. Le mininingwane ibhalwe ngokwehlukana embikweni.

Ingabe i-'BI-RADS' ingasho ngokunembile ukuthi kukhona umdlavuza? Ingabe i-'BI-RADS 4' isho umdlavuza?

Lokhu kuyinkinga nakubantu abaningi. Uhlelo lwe-"BI-RADS" aluhlukanisi umdlavuza (''Ukuhlukaniswa'') noma lubonise isigaba somdlavuza (''Isigaba''). Okuwukuphela kwento ehlukile isigaba se-"BI-RADS 6". Ngoba kusho ukuthi ukuba khona komdlavuza sekuqinisekisiwe kakade yi-"Biopsy".

Ezinye izigaba ze-"BI-RADS" (ikakhulukazi u-3, u-4, no-5) zibonisa kuphela amathuba okuba nomdlavuza . Isibonelo, i-"BI-RADS 3" isho ukuthi okutholakele akusolisi, kodwa kufanele uhlolwe kabusha ezinyangeni ezingu-6-12.

Manje umbuzo obaluleke kakhulu: Ingabe i-`BI-RADS 4` isho umdlavuza?

Cha. I-'BI-RADS 4' ayisho ukuthi unomdlavuza. Kusho ukuthi kukhona okungajwayelekile noma okusolisayo emiphumeleni yakho yokuhlolwa, ngakho-ke kunconywa i-'(Biopsy)' ukuze uthole ukuthi iyini ngempela. Njengoba sesishilo ngaphambili, ingozi yokuba nomdlavuza webele esigabeni se-'BI-RADS 4' ingahluka kusuka ku-2% kuya ku-95%. Lokhu kusho ukuthi uma i-'(Biopsy)' iqediwe, kuqinisekiswa ukuthi akuyona umdlavuza kubantu abaningi. Ngakho-ke, ungadikibali noma wesabe uma ubona i-'BI-RADS 4'.

Kuvamile ukuzizwa udidekile futhi ube nemibuzo eminingi uma ubona umphumela wokuhlolwa ongajwayelekile. Ikakhulukazi uma kunzima ukuqonda ukuthi yini esembikweni wokuhlolwa. Yilapho uhlelo lwe-``(BI-RADS)`` lungena khona. Lulethe indinganiso yamagama nemisho evela embikweni wakho wokuhlolwa kwebele. Lokhu kukunikeza ukuqonda okucacile kwalokho okucatshangwa yi-radiologist ngemiphumela yakho yokuhlolwa.

Into ebaluleke kakhulu okudingeka siyifunde kulokhu (Umyalezo Ohamba Nawo Ekhaya)

Kulungile, ngakho-ke, kusukela kulokho esikhulume ngakho, lezi yizinto ezibaluleke kakhulu okudingeka uzikhumbule:

• `(BI-RADS)` uhlelo lokwethula imiphumela yemibiko yokuhlolwa kwamabele (`(Mammogram)`, `(Ultrasound)`, `(MRI)`) ngendlela ejwayelekile.
• Lokho kuzokunikeza umbono oqondile ngengozi yakho yokuba nomdlavuza.
• `(BI-RADS)` inamaphuzu asukela ku-0 kuya ku-6. Akuwona wonke amaphuzu asho ukuthi kukhona umdlavuza.
• I-'BI-RADS 1` kanye ne-'2` imiphumela emihle, akukho okufanele ukhathazeke ngakho.
• `I-BI-RADS 0` isho ukuthi kudingeka ulwazi olwengeziwe.
• I-``BI-RADS 3`` isho ukuthi mhlawumbe ilungile, kodwa udinga ukuhlola futhi ngemva kwesikhashana.
• I-`BI-RADS 4` noma i-`5` isho ukuthi kuyasolisa, ngakho-ke kufanele kwenziwe i-`(Biopsy)`. I-`BI-RADS 4` akusho ukuthi ingumdlavuza.
• I-'BI-RADS 6' iwuphawu olusetshenziswa kumuntu owaziyo kakade ukuthi unomdlavuza.

Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukukhuluma ngokukhululekile nodokotela wakho mayelana nesibonakaliso esithi "BI-RADS" nokuthi sisho ukuthini ngesimo sakho, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi uhlolwe kanjani amabele. Bangaphendula noma yimiphi imibuzo noma ukukhathazeka ongase ube nakho.

Kuvamile ukuzizwa ukhathazekile futhi ukhathazekile nganoma yimiphi imiphumela yokuhlolwa oyitholayo. Kodwa-ke, ukwazi ulwazi olufanele nokulandela iseluleko sikadokotela wakho kuzokusiza ukuthi wenze izinqumo ezinhle kakhulu ngempilo yakho.

Umdlavuza webele , i-BI-RADS, i-mammogram, i-ultrasound, i-MRI, ukuskena kwebele, ingozi yomdlavuza