Ingabe ukuhlolwa kwegazi lakho kubonisa "Amaseli Okuqhuma"? Ake sixoxe ngalokhu!

Ngezinye izikhathi ungase ubone into ebizwa ngokuthi "Amaseli Aqhumayo" embikweni wakho wegazi. Kuvamile ukuzizwa ukhathazekile kancane uma uyibona. Ngisho nokuzwa igama elithi "blast" kungaba yinto eyethusayo kancane. Kodwa ngaphambi kokuba ukhathazeke, ake sixoxe kafushane ngokuthi ayini ngempela la maseli aqhumayo, ukuthi kungani ebalulekile emizimbeni yethu, nokuthi kwenzekani uma ekhula ngenani?

Ayini amaseli okuqhuma? Ingabe yilokho kuphela okudingeka ukwazi?

Yebo, kubalulekile ukwazi lokhu. Kalula nje, amaseli okuqhuma awuhlobo lweseli elincane elingakavuthwa, noma elingakakhuli ngokugcwele, emzimbeni wethu. Lawa amaseli adala izinhlobo ezahlukene zamaseli emzimbeni wethu. Kodwa uma uthola umbiko webhubhu othi "ukuqhuma," ngokuvamile kusho amaseli egazi angakavuthwa. Ngoba odokotela begazi kanye nodokotela bezifo zomdlavuza basebenzisa izinto ezifana nenani lamaseli okuqhuma egazini lakho ukuthola izifo ezithile ezihlobene negazi, njenge-acute leukemia.

Uma unezinhlayiya zokuqhuma ezimise ngendlela engavamile noma inani elikhulu lazo egazini lakho, kungaba uphawu lomdlavuza wegazi. Yingakho kufanele ukhathazeke ngalokhu.

Ngakho-ke, uyini umehluko phakathi kwamaseli egazi aqalayo namaseli aqhumayo?

Lokhu kungase kubonakale kuyinkimbinkimbi kancane, kodwa empeleni kulula kakhulu. Cabanga ngakho, lezi zombili izigaba ezibalulekile ekuthuthukisweni kwamaseli ethu.

Amaseli egazi anjengezinhlayiya zomama ezikhiqiza zonke ezinye izinhlobo zamaseli.

Amaseli okuqhuma akhula kula maseli okuqala. Abizwa nangokuthi amaseli "omsunguli" noma "angaphambi kwe-"precursor". Okusho ukuthi, ayisigaba "sangaphambi" ngaphambi kokuba iseli elivuthiwe ngokugcwele likhule. Ngokungafani neseli lokuqala, iseli lokuqhuma selivele linqunyelwe ukuba uhlobo oluthile lweseli. Kufana nokuya eyunivesithi bese ufunda izifundo ezijwayelekile kuqala, bese ugxila emkhakheni othile.

Yiziphi izinzuzo zama-blast cell emzimbeni wethu?

Iseli eliqhumayo liyisigaba sokuqala sokwakheka kwamangqamuzana egazi. Umzimba wakho uhlala wenza amangqamuzana egazi amasha (kanye namaseli aqhumayo) ukuze athathe indawo yamangqamuzana amadala. Le nqubo yokwakheka kwegazi ibizwa ngokuthi i-hematopoiesis . Lokhu kwenzeka isikhathi esiningi emnkantsheni wakho wamathambo .

Ngaphakathi komnkantsha wakho, kukhona iseli elivamile elibizwa ngokuthi "iseli eliyinhloko le-hematopoietic" (HSC). Lokhu kudala izinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko zamaseli okuqhuma:

• I-Myeloblast: Lolu hlobo lweseli lokuqhuma lutholakala ku-Kukhiqizwa amangqamuzana egazi abomvu, amangqamuzana amhlophe egazi (isibonelo, ama-granulocyte, ama-monocyte, ama-neutrophils, ama-basophil, nama-eosinophils), kanye nama-platelet.
• I-Lymphoblast: Lolu hlobo lweseli lokuqhuma luveza ama-lymphocyte, uhlobo lweseli elimhlophe legazi.

Amaseli egazi akhule ngokugcwele futhi avuthiwe ashiya umongo wamathambo ahambe egazini lakho. Kodwa-ke, amaseli okuqhuma asakhula afanele ummongo wamathambo wakho, hhayi egazini lakho. Yingakho umbiko webhubhu obonisa amaseli okuqhuma egazini lakho ungaba yinkinga.

Kungani la maseli okuqhuma ekhula? Ingabe kukhona okungahambi kahle?

Uma umbiko welebhu ukhombisa ukuthi unenani elikhulu lamaseli okuqhuma emongweni wakho wamathambo noma egazini, kungaba uphawu lomdlavuza wegazi, njenge-leukemia. Ikakhulukazi uma amaseli ebukeka engajwayelekile uma ebhekwa nge-microscope. Ngokuvamile, ama-5% kuphela amaseli egazi aphelele emongweni wakho wamathambo okufanele abe amaseli okuqhuma. Akukuhle ukuba namaseli okuqhuma egazini lakho nhlobo.

Kunezizathu eziningana eziyinhloko zokuthi kungani amaseli okuqhuma anda:

• I-acute myeloid leukemia (AML)
• I-Myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS)
• I-leukemia ye-myeloid engapheli (i-CML)
• I-acute lymphoblastic leukemia (YONKE)
• Ezinye izimo ezingezona ezomdlavuza kanye nokwelashwa

Ake sibheke ngayinye yalezi ngemininingwane ethe xaxa.

Ake sifunde nge-Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML)

Esikhathini esiningi, lapho odokotela bekhuluma ngamaseli okuqhuma, babhekisela ku- acute myeloid leukemia (AML) . I-AML uhlobo lomdlavuza olunamandla kakhulu olusakazeka ngokushesha okukhulu. Ngakho-ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthola lesi sifo bese uqala ukwelashwa ngokushesha okukhulu. Ukuhlola la maseli okuqhuma kuyindlela ebalulekile yokuthola lesi sifo kusenesikhathi.

Ku-AML, amaseli okuqhuma angajwayelekile aqoqana emnkantsheni wakho wamathambo bese evuza egazini lakho. Iningi lalawa uhlobo lwamaseli abizwa ngokuthi ama-myeloblast. Lawa alungele ukuba amaseli amhlophe egazi (ama-granulocyte) ngaphambi kokuba abe amaseli omdlavuza.

Ngenxa yokuthi la maseli aqhumayo awavuthiwe futhi awavamile, awenzi msebenzi owusizo emzimbeni. Esikhundleni salokho, athatha isikhala esiningi emnkantsheni wamathambo kangangokuthi avimba umzimba wakho ekwenzeni amaseli egazi amasha, anempilo owadingayo. Ngaphandle kwamaseli egazi avuthiwe asebenza kahle, umzimba wakho awukwazi ukusebenza ngendlela evamile.

Uma unamaseli okuqhuma angu-20% noma ngaphezulu emnkantsheni wakho wamathambo noma egazini, kuwuphawu lwe-AML.

Iyini i-Myelodysplastic Syndrome (MDS)?

I-Myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) nayo uhlobo lomdlavuza wegazi. Okwenzekayo lapha ukuthi amaseli okuqhuma awakhuli abe amaseli egazi ajwayelekile. Ngokuvamile, la maseli okuqhuma ayafa ngaphambi kokuba avuthwe kahle. Ngisho noma kunamaseli amaningi okuqhuma, uma kunamaseli ambalwa avuthiwe angenza umsebenzi wawo, izinkinga ezifana ne-anemia zingavela. Futhi, ungase uthole izifo ezivame ukutheleleka (ngenxa yamaseli amhlophe aphansi egazi) futhi wophe noma ushaye kalula (ngenxa yama-platelet aphansi).

Uma unamaseli okuqhuma aphakathi kuka-5% no-20% emnkantsheni wakho wamathambo, kuwuphawu lwesimo esibizwa ngokuthi 'i-MDS.' Cishe abantu abangu-30% abane-'MDS' bazogcina benayo i-'AML.`

Ake sibheke ne-Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML).

I-Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) ingumdlavuza wegazi wesikhathi eside (ongalapheki). Iphinde ibangele ukwanda kwenani lamaseli okuqhuma emnkantsheni noma egazini. Odokotela bahlukanisa ubucayi besimo ngokusekelwe ezingeni lamaseli akho okuqhuma:

• I-CML Yesigaba Esingapheli: Ngaphansi kuka-10% wamaseli egazini lakho noma emnkantsheni wamathambo angamaseli okuqhuma.
• I-Accelerated Phase CML: Phakathi kuka-10% no-19% wamaseli egazini lakho angamaseli okuqhuma.
• Isigaba Sokuqhuma kwe-CML (inkinga yokuqhuma): Amaseli angaphezu kuka-20% egazini lakho angamaseli okuqhuma. Lokhu kufana ne-AML.

Kuyini i-Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (YONKE)?

I-acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) uhlobo lomdlavuza oluvame kakhulu ezinganeni. Ku-ALL, umongo wamathambo ukhiqiza amangqamuzana angajwayelekile (anomdlavuza) abizwa ngokuthi ama-lymphoblast. Lawa maseli angajwayelekile ahlukana ngokushesha futhi enze amakhophi amaningi awo. Lokhu kwenza kube nzima ngomongo wamathambo ukwenza amangqamuzana ajwayelekile umzimba wakho owadingayo.

KUZO ZONKE, okungenani ama-20% amaseli egazi emnkantsheni wakho angamaseli okuqhuma. Iningi labantu abatholakale benalesi sifo (cishe ama-90%) linamaseli okuqhuma egazini labo.

Ingabe amaseli okuqhuma anganda ngenxa yezinye izimbangela ngaphandle komdlavuza?

Yebo, lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu. Ungacabangi ukuthi umdlavuza uwumphumela wombiko webhubhu obonisa amangqamuzana okuqhuma aphezulu. Ezinye izimo nezimbangela ezingezona umdlavuza nazo zingabangela ukwanda kwesikhashana kwamangqamuzana okuqhuma. Izibonelo zifaka:

• Ukutheleleka okukhulu: Uma umzimba wakho unesifo esibi, njengokutheleleka okukhulu (i-sepsis), amaseli okuqhuma angangena egazini.
• Ukwelashwa nge-granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF): Ama-blast cell angase abonakale egazini ngemva kokuthola uhlobo lomjovo olubizwa ngokuthi i-G-CSF. Le mijovo ivuselela umongo wakho wethambo ukuthi ukhiqize amaseli egazi amhlophe engeziwe ukuze akuvikele ezifweni. Lokhu kungadingeka uma uthola i-chemotherapy noma uma unenani eliphansi lamaseli amhlophe egazini (i-neutropenia).
• Ukufakelwa kwamaseli e-stem: Uma uke wafakelwa amaseli e-stem njengokwelashwa kwesimo sezokwelapha, ungase ube nokwanda kwamaseli okuqhuma. Ukufakelwa kwamaseli e-stem kungadingeka ezimweni ezifana nokuphazamiseka kwegazi, umdlavuza, noma izifo ezizimele lapho umzimba wakho ungakwazi khona ukwenza amaseli egazi ajwayelekile.

Kodwa into ebalulekile ukuthi, ngokungafani namaseli okuqhuma ahlotshaniswa nomdlavuza, amaseli okuqhuma abonakala kulezi zimo ngokuvamile abukeka ephilile ngaphansi kwesibonakhulu. Angakhula futhi abe amaseli egazi ajwayelekile. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, leli nani liyancipha.

Ulihlola kanjani ngokunembile izinga lamaseli okuqhuma? Yiziphi lezo zivivinyo?

Kunezivivinyo eziningana ezibonisa amazinga amaseli okuqhuma:

• I-Peripheral blood smear (PBS): Lolu vivinyo lubonisa ukuba khona kwamaseli okuqhuma egazini lakho. Ku-PBS, isazi sezifo sibheka isampula yegazi lakho ngaphansi kwe-microscope ukuze sibone ukuthi kunamaseli okuqhuma amaningi noma ukuthi abukeka engajwayelekile.
• Ukuhlolwa komnkantsha wethambo: Ukuhlolwa kwelebhu okwenziwa ngemva kokuhlolwa komnkantsha wethambo noma ukufinyelelwa kungakhomba amaseli okuqhuma emnkantsha wethambo. Lokhu kungafaka phakathi ukuhlolwa okufana ne-flow cytometry, i-immunohistochemistry, noma i-fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) ukuze kubhekwe izinguquko zofuzo kumaseli .
• Kungadingeka futhi ukuthi ube nenani eliphelele legazi (i-CBC) elinomehluko ukuze uhlole inani lamaseli akho egazi abomvu namhlophe kanye nama-platelet, njengoba inani lamaseli egazi anempilo lingancipha njengoba inani lamaseli aqhumayo landa.

Odokotela bacabangela imiphumela yokuhlolwa ehlukahlukene kanye nezici ngaphambi kokuthola isimo esifana ne-leukemia. Abenzi izinqumo ezinkulu ngokusekelwe ekuhlolweni okukodwa nje.

Okokugcina, izinto ezimbalwa okufanele uzikhumbule

Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukungesabi uma ubona igama elithi "ukuqhuma" embikweni wakho webhulebhu.Kuyiqiniso ukuthi ukuba nama-blast cell egazini lakho kungaba uphawu lokugula okukhulu. Kodwa kuncike empilweni yakho. Ngezinye izikhathi, ukwanda kwama-blast cells kungokwesikhashana. Inani liyehla ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Ngezinye izikhathi, kungaba uphawu lokuthile okungathi sína kakhulu, njenge-acute leukemia. Udokotela wakho kuphela ongachaza kahle ukuthi imiphumela yakho isho ukuthini empilweni yakho. Ngakho-ke, uma unemibuzo, ungangabazi ukubuza udokotela wakho.

Amaseli okuqhuma, i-leukemia, umdlavuza wegazi, umnkantsha wamathambo, ukuhlolwa kwegazi, amaseli, impilo