Ingabe uthola amabala aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka emzimbeni wakho wonke? Noma wopha isikhathi eside ngaphandle kokuyeka ngisho nesilonda esincane? Mhlawumbe uhlala uzizwa ukhathele, ungenampilo, futhi ukhathele kakhulu ukwenza noma yini? Ngemuva kwalezi zinto, kungase kube nenkinga ethile ngegazi eligeleza emzimbeni wethu, okungukuthi, ukuphazamiseka kwegazi. Ungesabi uma uzwa leli gama. Ungalawula iningi lalawa futhi uphile kahle. Namuhla, sizoxoxa ngakho konke kalula, ngendlela ongayiqonda.
Okokuqala, ake sibheke ukuthi 'igazi' elisemizimbeni yethu lenzani.
Kalula nje, igazi liwuketshezi olugcina imizimba yethu iphila. Linezingxenye ezintathu eziyinhloko, njengabantu abathathu eqenjini elilodwa abenza imisebenzi ekhethekile.
- Amaseli Egazi Abomvu: Lawa 'yinkonzo yokulethwa' kwemizimba yethu. Athwala umoya-mpilo ofika emaphashini lapho siphefumula uye kuwo wonke amagumbi omzimba. Athwala futhi i-carbon dioxide engafuneki enqwabelana emzimbeni ibuyele emaphashini ukuze ikhishwe.
- Amaseli Amhlophe Egazi: Lawa 'ayibutho lokuzivikela' lemizimba yethu. Umsebenzi wawo oyinhloko ukusivikela ezifweni ngokulwa namagciwane abangela izifo, amabhaktheriya, kanye namagciwane avela ngaphandle.
- Ama-Platelet: Laba 'ngabantu abaphulukisa amanxeba'. Uma sithola isilonda noma ukulimala noma kuphi emzimbeni wethu, la ma-platelet asiza ekwakheni amahlule egazi ukuze kumiswe ukopha. Kufana nokufaka i-patch epayipini eliphukile.
Isifo segazi yisimo lapho amangqamuzana abomvu egazi, amangqamuzana amhlophe egazi, noma ama-platelet engasebenzi kahle. Lezi zifo zingaba umdlavuza noma zingabi umdlavuza. Kulesi sihloko, sizokhuluma ngezifo zegazi ezingezona umdlavuza. Ezinye izifo zegazi zizuzwa njengefa, kanti ezinye zikhula kamuva ngenxa yesinye isimo sezokwelapha.
Kwenzekani emzimbeni ngezifo zegazi?
Ngokuvamile, izifo zegazi ezingezona ezomdlavuza zingathinta imizimba yethu ngezindlela ezimbili eziyinhloko.
1. Ukujiya kwegazi ngokweqile: Kwezinye izifo, igazi liqala ukujiya ngaphakathi kwemithambo yegazi. Lokhu kungaba yingozi, njengoba la majiya egazi angahlala futhi abangele izimo ezibucayi njengokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo kanye nesifo sohlangothi.
2. Igazi alijiki kahle (ukopha ngokweqile): Kwezinye izifo, igazi alijiki kahle uma lilimele. Ngakho-ke, ngisho nesilonda esincane singabangela ukopha okuningi.
Manje ake sibheke izifo ezivamile ezikulolu hlobo ngalunye ngokwehlukana.
Izinkinga Zokuvinjelwa Kwegazi
Kulezi zimo, igazi lethu liyagoba ngaphakathi emithanjeni ngisho noma kungadingeki. Lokhu kubizwa ngokwezokwelapha ngokuthi ``Isimo se-Hypercoagulable`` noma ``Thrombophilia``.
Isexwayiso: Uma uzwa ukuvuvukala okungazelelwe, ukubomvu, kanye nobuhlungu komunye wemilenze yakho (lokhu kungaba uphawu lokuqhekeka kwegazi emthanjeni - `Deep Vein Thrombosis`) noma ubuhlungu besifuba obungazelelwe kanye nobunzima bokuphefumula (lokhu kungaba ukuqhekeka kwegazi emaphashini - `Pulmonary Embolism`), hamba ngokushesha eMnyangweni Wezimo Eziphuthumayo wesibhedlela (ETU). Lezi yizimo ezidinga ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha okuphuthumayo.
Ngezansi kunezinye zezifo ezivamile.
| Igama Lokuphazamiseka | Kalula nje... |
|---|---|
| Ukuguqulwa kwezakhi zofuzo ze-Prothrombin | Lesi yisimo sofuzo esidluliselwa kusukela ekuzalweni. Lokhu kwandisa ingozi yokuqhekeka kwegazi emithanjeni yemilenze (`Deep Vein Thrombosis`) nasemaphashini (`Pulmonary Embolism`). |
| I-Antiphospholipid syndrome | Lesi yisifo esingavamile sokuzivikela komzimba. Uhlelo lwethu lokuzivikela lusebenza ngokumelene nemizimba yethu. Lokhu kungabangela ukwakheka kwamahlule egazi ezingxenyeni ezahlukene zomzimba. |
| Ukuntuleka kweProtheyini S kanye neProtheyini C | Iphrotheni S kanye ne-C zingamaprotheni amabili emvelo egazini lethu alawula ukujiya kwegazi. Uma lokhu kuphansi ngokwemvelo, ukujiya kwegazi kuyanda. |
| Ukwahlukaniswa Kwemithambo Yegazi Egazini (DIC) | Lesi yisimo esingavamile kakhulu kodwa esibi kakhulu lapho amahlule egazi akheka khona ngokuzumayo emzimbeni wonke, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukuphuma kwegazi okungalawuleki kuqala. |
Izinkinga Zokopha
Kulezi zimo, inqubo yokujiya kwegazi iyaphazamiseka, okuholela ekuphumeni kwegazi okuningi kunokujwayelekile.
| Igama Lokuphazamiseka | Kwenzekani ngalokhu? |
|---|---|
| Isifo sikaVon Willebrand | Lesi yisifo sokuphuma kwegazi esivame kakhulu esibangelwa ukuzalwa. Sibangelwa ukuntuleka noma ukukhubazeka kwe-von Willebrand factor, iphrotheni ekhethekile esiza ukujiya kwegazi. |
| I-Hemophilia | Lesi futhi yisifo esibangelwa izakhi zofuzo. Sibangelwa ukuntuleka kwezinye 'izici zokujiya' ezidingekayo ukuze igazi lijiye. Kunezinhlobo ze-hemophilia A, B, kanye no-C. |
| I-Thrombocytopenia | Lokhu kusho ukuthi inani lama-platelet egazini liyancipha. Yilokhu okwenzekayo uma uthola udenga. Uma ama-platelet ehla, kuba nzima ukuyeka ukopha. |
Isifo segazi esivame kakhulu phakathi kwethu: i-Anemia
I-anemia, noma 'ukuntuleka kwegazi' njengoba sivame ukukubiza kanjalo, empeleni yisifo esivame kakhulu segazi. Kwenzeka lapho igazi lintula amangqamuzana abomvu egazi anempilo anele ukuthutha umoya-mpilo uye emzimbeni. Kunezimbangela eziningi ze-anemia.
I-anemia yakheka kanjani?
I-Acquired Anemias
Lezi yizimo ezivuka ngemva kokuzalwa kwethu ngezizathu ezahlukene.
- I-anemia yokuntuleka kwe-iron: Lolu uhlobo oluvame kakhulu. I-iron ibalulekile ekwenzeni i-hemoglobin, iphrotheni esemangqamuzaneni abomvu egazi ethwala umoya-mpilo. Lesi simo senzeka uma i-iron ingekho eyanele ekudleni. Ivame kakhulu kwabesifazane abakhulelwe kanye namantombazane amancane.
- I-Vitamin B12 noma i-Folate Deficiency Anemia: Lawa mavithamini abalulekile futhi ekwakheni amangqamuzana abomvu egazi anempilo. I-anemia eyingozi yisifo sokuzivikela komzimba lapho umzimba ungakwazi ukumunca i-vitamin B12.
- I-Aplastic anemia: Lokhu kwenzeka lapho umongo wethambo uyeka ukukhiqiza amangqamuzana amasha egazi (abomvu, amhlophe, nama-platelet).
- I-Autoimmune hemolytic anemia: Kulokhu, amasosha omzimba ethu aqala ngephutha ukubhubhisa amangqamuzana ethu abomvu egazi.
I-Anemia Ezuzwe Njengefa
Lezi yizifo ezidluliselwa ezinganeni ngezakhi zofuzo ezivela kubazali.
- I-anemia yamaseli esikele: Kulokhu, isimo samaseli abomvu egazi siyashintsha. Esikhundleni sesimo sawo esijwayelekile esiyindilinga, aba nesimo esifana nesikele, futhi angabhajwa emithanjeni yegazi.
- I-Thalassemia: Igama esivame ukulizwa eSri Lanka. Okwenzekayo kulokhu ukuthi ukukhiqizwa kwe-hemoglobin emzimbeni kwehla. Lokhu kubangela ukuthi amangqamuzana abomvu egazi abe mancane, okubangela i-anemia. Kunezimo ezincane nezinkulu zalokhu.
Ngingazi kanjani ukuthi nginesifo segazi? (Izimpawu)
Izimpawu zezifo zegazi ziyahlukahluka kuye ngohlobo lwesifo. Ake sizihlukanise ngezigaba.
| Izimpawu ezivamile zezifo ezahlukene zegazi | |
|---|---|
| Izimpawu ezivamile ze-anemia | |
| |
| Izimpawu ezivamile zezinkinga zokopha | |
| |
| Izimpawu ezivamile zezinkinga zokujiya kwegazi | |
|
Udokotela usithola kanjani lesi sifo?
Uma ukhononda ngezimpawu ezingenhla, udokotela wakho uzoqala akuhlole, abuze ngezimpawu zakho, bese ebuza ukuthi kukhona yini emndenini wakho oke waba nalezi zimo. Ngemuva kwalokho, bazokwenza ukuhlolwa kwegazi okuningana ukuze bathole ukuxilongwa okunembile.
Ukubalwa kwegazi okuphelele (i-CBC) kuvame ukwenziwa ukuze kutholakale umbono omuhle wenani lamaseli abomvu egazi, amaseli amhlophe egazi, nama-platelet egazini lakho.
- Ukuhlolwa kwamaseli abomvu egazi: Lokhu kuhlola izinto ezifana namazinga e-hemoglobin kanye nenani lamaseli abomvu egazi. Uma lokhu kuphansi, kuqinisekisa ukuthi une-anemia.
- Inani lamaseli amhlophe egazi: Kunezinhlobo eziningana zamaseli amhlophe egazi (njenge-'Neutrophils', 'Lymphocytes', 'Eosinophils'). Ngokubheka inani lohlobo ngalunye, unganquma ukuthi unesifo, i-allergy, noma esinye isimo esibi.
- Inani lamaplatelet: Inani lamaplatelet liyahlolwa. Uma inani liphansi, kunengozi yokopha. Uma inani liphezulu, kunengozi yokujiya kwegazi.
Ngemva kwalezi zivivinyo zokuqala, ungathunyelwa ukuze uthole izivivinyo ezikhethekile kakhulu (isib. ukuhlolwa kwe-blood clotting factor, ukuhlolwa komnkantsha wamathambo) uma kudingeka.
Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha lokhu?
Indlela yokwelapha incike ekutheni unasiphi isifo segazi nokuthi sibi kangakanani.
- Ukulinda ngokuqapha: Kwezinye izifo ezincane zegazi, uma kungekho zimpawu ezinkulu, udokotela wakho angase angakuniki noma yimiphi imithi futhi angase aqaphe isimo sakho ngokwenza izivivinyo ezivamile.
- Imithi:
- Amaphilisi ensimbi noma isiraphu ye-anemia yokuntuleka kwensimbi.
- Amavithamini ahlobene nokuntuleka kwamavithamini.
- Ama-anticoagulant anikezwa ukuvimbela ukujiya kwegazi ezifweni ezandisa ukujiya kwegazi.
- Ngezifo ezibangela ukopha ngokweqile, kunikezwa imithi yokusiza ukujiya kwegazi.
- Ngezifo ezibangelwa izinkinga ngesimiso somzimba sokuzivikela, imithi efana ne-corticosteroids inikezwa ukulawula leso simiso.
- Ukumpontshelwa igazi nama-platelet: Uma i-anemia imbi kakhulu noma uma kukhona ukopha ngokweqile, igazi noma ama-platelet anikezwa ngaphandle.
- Ukwengezwa kwezinto ezikhulisayo: Kunikezwa imijovo evuselela umongo wamathambo futhi isize ekukhiqizeni amaseli egazi engeziwe.
Udokotela wakho uzokhetha ukwelashwa okukulungele. Noma yikuphi ukwelashwa kungaba nemiphumela emibi. Ungesabi ukubuza udokotela wakho ngakho.
Ungaphila kanjani nesifo segazi? Unganciphisa kanjani ingozi?
Ukuba nesifo segazi akusona ukuphela kwempilo. Ngokuphathwa kahle, abantu abaningi bangaphila impilo evamile.
- Thola ukudla okunomsoco omuhle: Faka ukudla okune-iron eningi (njengesipinashi, i-kale, isipinashi, inyama yenkomo, kanye nobhontshisi), i-vitamin B12, kanye ne-folate ekudleni kwakho. Xhumana nodokotela wakho noma isazi sokudla okunempilo ngalokhu.
- Gcina isisindo esinempilo: Vivinya umzimba njalo.
- Zivikele ezifweni: Geza izandla zakho njalo futhi kahle. Thola imijovo edingekayo njengoba kuqondiswe udokotela wakho.
- Qaphela ukulimala: Uma unesifo sokopha, gwema imidlalo engabangela ukuwa nokuphuka. Gqoka isigqoko sokuzivikela uma ugibela ibhayisikili. Gqoka ibhande lesihlalo njalo uma ugibela imoto.
- Yazisa umndeni wakho nabangani bakho: Batshele ngesimo sakho. Kubalulekile ukuthi bazi ukuthi benzeni uma kwenzeka isimo esiphuthumayo.
- Landela iseluleko sezokwelapha: Thatha imithi yakho ngesikhathi. Yiya emitholampilo ngezinsuku ezihleliwe. Ungalokothi uyeke ukuthatha imithi yakho ngaphandle kokubonisana nodokotela wakho.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- Izifo zegazi ziyizinkinga ngokusebenza kwamaseli ethu abomvu egazi, amaseli amhlophe egazi, noma ama-platelet.
- Imiphumela emibili eyinhloko kungaba ukujiya kwegazi okungadingekile noma ukopha okungapheli.
- I-anemia iyisifo segazi esivame kakhulu. Ungazinaki izimpawu ezifana nokukhathala okuqhubekayo, ukuphaphatheka, kanye nokukhathala.
- Uma uvela amabala aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka emzimbeni wakho ngaphandle kwesizathu, uma inxeba elincane lingayeki ukuphuma kwegazi, noma uma umlenze owodwa uvuvukala ngokuzumayo, kufanele nakanjani ubone udokotela.
- Izifo eziningi zegazi zingalawulwa ngokwelashwa nokuphathwa okufanele, okukuvumela ukuthi uphile impilo enempilo nejwayelekile. Ngakho-ke, ungesabi, futhi funa iseluleko sezokwelapha esifanele.
💬 Comments (0)
No comments yet. Be the first to share your thoughts here.
Add Your Comment