Sonke sinegazi emizimbeni yethu, kodwa bewazi ukuthi igazi lomuntu wonke alifani? Njengeminwe yeminwe, izinhlobo zethu zegazi zihlukile komunye nomunye. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ufuna ukunikela ngegazi noma ukuthola igazi, kubaluleke kakhulu ukwazi kahle ukuthi liyini uhlobo lwegazi lakho. Ngakho-ke namuhla, ake sixoxe ngalezi zinhlobo zegazi, umehluko wazo, nokuthi zithinta kanjani impilo yethu.
Yiziphi lezi zinhlobo zegazi?
Kalula nje, uhlobo lwegazi lakho lunqunywa izakhi zofuzo ozizuza kumama wakho nobaba wakho. Sonke sinezakhi ezifanayo eziyisisekelo zegazi lethu. Okungukuthi, amangqamuzana abomvu egazi, amangqamuzana amhlophe egazi, ama-platelet, kanye noketshezi olubizwa ngokuthi i-plasma oluhambahambayo.
Kodwa-ke, kunesizathu esiyinhloko sokuthi kungani izinhlobo zegazi zihluka kumuntu nomuntu. Lezo yizinhlobo ezikhethekile zamaprotheni ebusweni bamaseli ethu abomvu egazi. Kwezokwelapha, sibiza lawa ma-antigen . Futhi, engxenyeni ewuketshezi yegazi, okungukuthi, i-plasma, kukhona olunye uhlobo olukhethekile lweprotheni, olubizwa ngokuthi ama-antibodies .
Ngakho-ke, uhlobo lwegazi lakho lunqunywa uhlobo lwama-antigen ebusweni bamaseli akho abomvu egazi kanye nohlobo lwama-antibodies egazini lakho.
Izinhlobo zegazi eziyinhloko kanye nomehluko wazo
Kunezinhlobo zegazi ezivamile ezingu-8 emhlabeni. Lezi zihlukaniswe ngamaqembu amakhulu amane. Zingu-A, B, AB kanye no-O. Lokhu kuhlukaniswa kubizwa ngokuthi uhlelo lwe-ABO . Ngaphezu kwalokho, kukhona esinye isici esibalulekile, okuyi -Rh factor . Ake sibheke nalokho futhi.
Uhlelo lweqembu legazi le-ABO
Lokhu kunqunywa ukuthi ngabe kukhona yini ama-antigen abizwa ngokuthi u-A no-B ebusweni bamaseli abomvu egazi noma cha.
| Iqembu Legazi | I-Antigen Kumaseli Egazi Abomvu | I-Antibody ku-Plasma |
|---|---|---|
| Isigaba A | Kukhona i-antigen A. | Kukhona i-antibody B. |
| Isigaba B | Ine-antigen ye-B | Kukhona i-antibody A. |
| Isigaba se-AB | Kukhona kokubili ama-antigen A kanye ne-B. | Awekho ama-antibodies e-A noma e-B |
| Isigaba O | Awekho ama-antigen e-A noma e-B | Kukhona ama-antibodies amabili u-A no-B. |
Iyini i-Rh Factor?
Lolu olunye uhlobo lwe-antigen olutholakala ebusweni bamaseli abomvu egazi.
- Uma une -Rh factor egazini lakho, uhlobo lwegazi lakho "luhle / +" . (Isibonelo: A+, B+, O+)
- Uma ungenayo i-Rh factor egazini lakho, uhlobo lwegazi lakho luthi "Negative / -" . (Isibonelo: A-, AB-, O-)
La maqembu e-ABO kanye ne-Rh factor kuyahlangana kwakha izinhlobo zegazi eziyisishiyagalombili esizaziyo.
Ukunikela Nokwamukela Igazi - Kungani Ukufanisa Kubalulekile?
Ngaphambi kuka-1901, odokotela babecabanga ukuthi wonke umuntu unegazi elifanayo. Ngenxa yalokho, abantu abaningi bafa ngenxa yokunikela ngegazi ngaleso sikhathi. Kwakungemva kwesikhathi lapho usosayensi ogama lakhe linguKarl Landsteiner athola khona lezi zinhlobo zegazi.
Uma kuxutshwa izinhlobo ezimbili zegazi ezingahambisani, ama-antibodies emzimbeni womuntu othola igazi aqala ukulwa negazi langaphandle. Lokhu kubangela ukuthi amangqamuzana abomvu egazi anamathele ndawonye futhi ajije. Lokhu kungaholela emiphumeleni emibi kakhulu, ngisho nebulalayo, njengokwehluleka kwezinso. Ngakho-ke, ukufanisa uhlobo lwegazi kuyimpoqo lapho kunikelwa futhi kwamukelwa igazi.
Igazi lohlobo lwe -O negative (O-) libizwa ngokuthi "i-Universal Donor . " Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi igazi lohlobo lwe-O alinawo ama-antigen e-A, B, noma e-Rh, ngakho-ke linganikezwa noma ubani onanoma yiluphi uhlobo lwegazi. Esimweni esiphuthumayo, njengengozi, lapho kungekho sikhathi sokuhlola uhlobo lwegazi lesiguli, igazi lohlobo lwe-O livame ukunikezwa.
Uhlobo lwegazi olune-AB positive (AB+) lubizwa ngokuthi "Umtholi Ojwayelekile".Noma "umamukeli ojwayelekile." Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi igazi le-AB+ alinawo ama-antibodies ngokumelene no-A noma u-B, ngakho-ke lingathola amaseli abomvu egazi kunoma yiluphi uhlobo lwegazi.
Kusukela kuleli thebula, ungaqonda kalula ukuthi ubani onganikela ngegazi kuye nokuthi ubani ongalithola kuye.
| Uhlobo lwegazi lakho | Unganikela ngegazi. | Ungathola igazi. |
|---|---|---|
| A+ | A+, AB+ | A+, A-, O+, O- |
| O+ | O+, A+, B+, AB+ | O+, O- |
| B+ | B+, AB+ | B+, B-, O+, O- |
| I-AB+ | I-AB+ kuphela | Zonke izinhlobo zegazi |
| A- | A+, A-, AB+, AB- | A-, O- |
| O- | Zonke izinhlobo zegazi (Umnikeli Ojwayelekile) | O- kuphela |
| B- | B+, B-, AB+, AB- | B-, O- |
| AB- | AB+, AB- | AB-, A-, B-, O- |
Kungani uhlobo lwegazi lubalulekile ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa?
Lokhu kuyinkinga ebalulekile kubantu abaningi. Ikakhulukazi, uma uhlobo lwegazi lukamama lungenayo i-Rh (Rh-) futhi umntwana osesiswini ethola uhlobo lwegazi kuyise futhi ene-Rh (Rh+), kungenzeka kube nezinkinga ezithile.
Lokhu kwenzeka ngoba umzimba kamama uyawabona amangqamuzana abomvu egazi engane e-Rh+ 'njengawangaphandle' bese uqala ukwenza amasosha omzimba amelene nawo. Lokhu kungathinta ukukhulelwa kwesibili nokwalandelayo kakhulu kunokuqala. Lawa ma-antibodies angabhubhisa amangqamuzana abomvu egazi engane.
Kodwa akukho okufanele ukwesabe. Manje kunezixazululo ezinhle zalokhu. Udokotela wakho uzohlola uhlobo lwegazi lakho ekuqaleni kokukhulelwa kwakho. Uma une-Rh-, uzonikezwa umuthi wokugomela obizwa ngokuthi i-Rh immunoglobulin (RhIg) ngezikhathi ezithile ukuze uvimbele ukulimala kwengane.
Ingabe kukhona ukuxhumana phakathi kohlobo lwegazi nezinye izifo?
Cishe uke wezwa izindaba ezifana nokuthi “Abantu abanalolu hlobo lwegazi banamathuba amaningi okugula” kanye nokuthi “Abantu abanalolo hlobo lwegazi banempilo enhle.” Olunye ucwaningo luthole ukuthi abantu abanezinhlobo zegazi u-A, B, noma u-AB banamathuba amaningi okuthola izifo ezifana nesifo senhliziyo, kodwa lokhu akuyona into ebalulekile.
Khumbula, uhlobo lwegazi lakho alukugulisi. Luthonywa ezinye izici eziningi, njengendlela yakho yokuphila, imikhuba yokudla, ukuvivinya umzimba, kanye nomlando womndeni wesifo. Akukho hlobo lwegazi "olungcono" noma "olubi" kunolunye. Luyinto nje esiyizuza njengefa, njengombala wamehlo noma ukuphakama.
Futhi, abanye abantu bakhuluma "ngokudla kohlobo lwegazi." Kodwa asikho isisekelo sesayensi salokhu okwamanje. Ngakho-ke, ukudla ukudla okunempilo kungcono kakhulu kuwo wonke umuntu.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- Uhlobo lwegazi lakho lunqunywa izakhi zofuzo ozizuza kubazali bakho. Alunakushintshwa.
- Lapho unikela noma umukela igazi, ukufanisa izinhlobo zegazi kuyindlela esindisa impilo. Ukuthola igazi elingahambisani nakho kungaba yingozi.
- Kubalulekile ukufuna iseluleko sezokwelapha ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, ikakhulukazi uma umama ene-Rh- kanti ingane ine-Rh+. Manje kunezindlela zokwelapha ezisebenzayo zalokhu.
- Igazi lohlobo lwe -O negative (O-) "lingumnikeli ophelele" onganikela kunoma ubani. Igazi lohlobo lwe -AB positive (AB+) "liyi-universal receiver" elingathola igazi kunoma ubani.
- Akukho hlobo lwegazi "olunempilo" noma "olubi" kunolunye. Ngakho-ke ungesabi ngokungadingekile uhlobo lwegazi lakho.
- Uma ungalwazi uhlobo lwegazi lakho, kufanelekile ukubuza udokotela wakho ngalo lapho unikela ngegazi.
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