Uma sicabanga ngamathambo, siwacabanga njengento enikeza amandla nokuqina emzimbeni, akunjalo? Kuyiqiniso lokho. Kodwa bewazi ukuthi ngaphakathi kwamathambo ethu amakhulu kukhona into emangalisayo kakhulu, njengefektri ephilayo? Yilokho esikubiza ngokuthi umnkantsha wamathambo, noma ngesiNgisi `(Bone Marrow)`. Lena yingxenye ebalulekile futhi ebaluleke kakhulu empilweni yethu. Ngakho-ke namuhla, ake sixoxe ngalo mnkantsha wamathambo ngamagama alula.
Kalula nje, uyini lo mnkantsha?
Umnkantsha wethambo uyizicubu ezithambile, ezifana nojeli ngaphakathi kwamathambo ethu. Eqinisweni, yindawo eyinhloko yokwenza igazi emizimbeni yethu. Wonke amangqamuzana akho egazi, okuhlanganisa amangqamuzana abomvu egazi, amangqamuzana amhlophe egazi, nama-platelet, akhiwa kulo mnkantsha wethambo.
Cabanga ngomnkantsha njengefektri eyinhloko yenkampani enkulu. Le fektri yilapho umzimba wenza khona izinhlobo ezahlukene "zabasebenzi" (okungukuthi amangqamuzana egazi) owadingayo bese uwathumela emzimbeni wonke ngemithambo yegazi.
- Amaseli Egazi Abomvu: Lawa “yisevisi yokulethwa” ethwala umoya-mpilo kuwo wonke umzimba.
- Amaseli Amhlophe Egazi: Lawa “ayibutho lokuzivikela” lomzimba wethu. Alwa namagciwane abangela izifo.
- Ama-Platelet: Leli "yithimba lokulungisa" elivimba ukopha uma kukhona ukulimala endaweni ethile.
Konke lokhu kukhiqizwa emnkantsheni wamathambo. Akukhona lokho kuphela, kodwa umnkantshe usiza nokugcina amafutha ukuze umzimba uwasebenzise uma uwadinga. Ngakho-ke, asinakuphila ngaphandle komnkantshe.
Ubuwazi ukuthi kunezinhlobo ezimbili zomnkantsha wamathambo?
Yebo, kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko zomnkantsha emizimbeni yethu. Zihlukaniswa ngombala wazo. Ngokwesilinganiso, umuntu omdala unesisindo esingamakhilogremu angu-2.5 sazo zombili izinhlobo emzimbeni wakhe.
Ake sibone ukuthi ziyini lezi zinhlobo ezimbili.
| Uhlobo lomnkantsha | Umsebenzi oyinhloko kanye nencazelo |
|---|---|
| Umongo Wethambo Obomvu | Lena yifektri eyinhloko eyenza amangqamuzana ethu egazi. Kwezokwelapha, le nqubo siyibiza ngokuthi (i-Hematopoiesis) . Amangqamuzana abomvu egazi, amangqamuzana amhlophe egazi, nama-platelet akhiqizwa ngamaseli akhethekile angaphakathi komnkantsha obomvu. |
| Umnkantsha Ophuzi Wethambo | Lolu hlobo lwakhiwe kakhulu ngamafutha. Umsebenzi walo oyinhloko ukugcina amafutha ukuze asetshenziswe lapho kudingeka amandla. Futhi, amaseli okuqala alo angasiza ekwakheni amathambo, i-cartilage, imisipha, namaseli amafutha. |
Uma sisebancane, kuze kube yiminyaka engaba ngu-7 ubudala, amathambo ethu cishe akhiwe ngokuphelele ngomnkantsha obomvu. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ngaleso sikhathi, umzimba udinga amangqamuzana amaningi egazi ukuze ukhule. Njengoba sikhula, omunye walo mnkantsha obomvu uphenduka umnkantsha ophuzi.
Nginganikela ngomnkantsha? Kungani?
Yebo, kungakwenza ngempela. Kuyinto enhle kakhulu ukuyenza ukuze usindise impilo. Kwezinye izifo, ikakhulukazi i-leukemia, okuwumdlavuza wegazi, amangqamuzana asemongweni wethambo aba angajwayelekile, amise ukukhiqizwa kwamangqamuzana egazi anempilo futhi avumele amangqamuzana omdlavuza angajwayelekile ukuba akhule ngokushesha.
Ngezikhathi ezinjengalezi, ngokufakelwa umongo wamathambo kusuka kumuntu ophilile uye kumuntu ogulayo (i-Bone Marrow Transplant), umzimba wesiguli ungaqala ukukhiqiza amangqamuzana egazi anempilo futhi.
Okwenzekayo kulokhu ukuthi amaseli okuqala aphilile, athathwe kumnikeli onempilo, afakwa egazini lesiguli. Amaseli abe esehamba ayohlala emnkantsheni wesiguli bese eqala ukwenza amaseli egazi anempilo.
Yiziphi izifo ezithinta umongo wamathambo?
Njengoba umongo wamathambo uyindawo eyinhloko yokukhiqizwa kwegazi, izifo ezahlukahlukene ezihlobene negazi zingavela uma ukusebenza komnkantsha wamathambo kuphazamiseka. Ake sibheke ezinye zezifo ezinjalo eziyinhloko.
| Isimo sezokwelapha | Incazelo elula |
|---|---|
| I-Leukemia | Lona umdlavuza othinta umongo wegazi. Amaseli asemmongo aguquka abese ekhiqiza inani elikhulu lamaseli amhlophe egazi angajwayelekile ngaphandle kokulawulwa. |
| I-Multiple Myeloma | Uhlobo olukhethekile lweseli olubizwa ngokuthi amaseli e-plasma emnkantsheni luba umdlavuza futhi lukhule ngendlela engalawuleki. |
| I-Aplastic Anemia | Okwenzekayo kulokhu ukuthi umongo awukhiqizi amangqamuzana egazi anele (abomvu, amhlophe, nama-platelet). Kunjengokungathi ifektri yomongo iyeka ukusebenza. |
| I-Polycythemia Vera | Lokhu kwenzeka lapho umongo wethambo ukhiqiza amangqamuzana egazi abomvu amaningi kakhulu, okwenza igazi lijiye futhi kwandisa ingozi yokuqhekeka kwegazi. |
| Izifo ze-Myelodysplastic | Leli yiqembu lezifo. Kulokhu, amangqamuzana egazi akhiqizwa umnkantsha awaphilile futhi awasebenzi kahle. Ngenxa yalokho, inani lamangqamuzana egazi aphilile emzimbeni liyancipha. |
Yiziphi izimpawu ezivamile zalezi zifo?
Nakuba isifo ngasinye sinezimpawu ezithile lapho kunenkinga ngomnkantsha, lezi zimpawu ezivamile yilezi ezilandelayo:
- Ukukhathala nokukhathala: Ngaphandle kwamaseli abomvu egazi anele, umzimba awutholi umoya-mpilo owudingayo.
- Izifo ezivamile: Ngenxa yokuntuleka kwamangqamuzana amhlophe egazi aphilile, amasosha omzimba aba buthaka.
- Ukuphuka kalula nokopha: Ngenxa yokubala okuphansi kwama-platelet, ngisho nokusikeka okuncane kuthatha isikhathi eside ukuyeka ukopha. Isikhumba singaphuka kalula.
- Ubuthakathaka bemisipha.
- Ubumpunga.
Uma unezimpawu ezinjengalezi, kubaluleke kakhulu ukubona udokotela wakho ngokushesha ukuze uthole iseluleko.
Ungayihlola kanjani impilo yomnkantsha?
Uma udokotela esola ukuthi unenkinga ngomnkantsha wakho, kunezivivinyo ezimbili ezingakuqinisekisa lokho. Zombili lezi zivivinyo zivame ukwenziwa ngaphansi kwe-agent yokudambisa izinhlungu, ngakho ngeke uzwe ubuhlungu obukhulu.
1. Ukufuthwa Kwe-Bone Marrow: Kulokhu, kusetshenziswa inaliti ekhethekile ukususa isampula yoketshezi namaseli emnkantsheni. Lesi sampula sihlolwa ukuze kutholakale ukuthi yiziphi izinhlobo zamaseli ezisemnkantsheni nokuthi ngabe ajwayelekile noma awavamile.
2. Ukuhlolwa Kwesifo Somnkantsha Wamathambo:Kulokhu, kuthathwa ucezu oluncane lwezicubu zomnkantsha kusetshenziswa inaliti enkulu kancane. Lokhu kusenza siqonde kangcono indlela amaseli ahlelwe ngayo emnkantsha, kanye nezinhlobo nobukhulu bamaseli.
Ngemva kwalokhu kuhlolwa, kungase kube nobuhlungu kanye nokudumba lapho inaliti ifakwe khona izinsuku ezimbalwa. Kodwa lokho kuvamile.
Yini esingayenza ukuze sigcine umongo wamathambo uphilile?
Njengoba umongo wethambo uyisisekelo samathambo ethu, igazi, nemisipha, ukwenza izinto ezisiza ekugcineni lezo zingxenye ziphilile nakho kuhle emmongo wethambo.
- Yidla ukudla okucebile ngamaprotheni: Faka ukudla okucebile ngamaprotheni njengenyama engenamafutha amaningi, inhlanzi, ubhontshisi, amantongomane, ubisi namaqanda ekudleni kwakho. Amaprotheni abalulekile ekwakheni amaseli anempilo.
- Nakekela amavithamini namaminerali akho: I-iron, i-vitamin B9 (i-folic acid), kanye ne-vitamin B12 kubaluleke kakhulu ekwakhekeni kwegazi. Yidla ukudla okucebile kulokhu (imifino, inyama, amantongomane). Kodwa qiniseka ukuthi ubuza udokotela wakho ngaphambi kokuthatha amaphilisi e-vitamin.
- Phatha ezinye izimo zezokwelapha: Ezinye izimo zezokwelapha zingathinta ngokungaqondile ukusebenza komnkantsha wamathambo, ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukuthola ukwelashwa okufanele kwanoma yiziphi ezinye izimo zezokwelapha ongase ube nazo.
- Indlela yokuphila enempilo: Ukuzivocavoca okwanele, ukulala kahle, nokudla okulinganiselayo kuzuzisa impilo yazo zonke izingxenye zomzimba, okuhlanganisa nomnkantsha.
Umnkantsha ufana neqhawe elithule kodwa elibalulekile emzimbeni wethu. Kungumthwalo wethu ukuqaphela lokhu nokunakekela impilo yethu.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- Umnkantsha wamathambo uyifektri eyinhloko emathanjeni ethu ekhiqiza amangqamuzana egazi (amangqamuzana abomvu egazi, amangqamuzana amhlophe egazi, nama-platelet).
- Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zomongo wamathambo, obomvu nophuzi. Igazi lenziwa kakhulu ngomongo wamathambo obomvu.
- Kumdlavuza wegazi ofana ne-leukemia, ukusebenza komnkantsha kuyaphazamiseka. Ukufakelwa umnkantsha okunempilo kungaba yindlela yokwelapha esindisa impilo yeziguli ezinjalo.
- Kubalulekile ukufuna iseluleko sezokwelapha uma uhlangabezana nezimpawu ezifana nokukhathala okuvamile, ukugula okuvamile, noma ukuphuka kalula.
- Ukudla okunomsoco okucebile ngamaprotheni namavithamini kanye nendlela yokuphila enempilo kusiza ekugcineni impilo yomnkantsha.
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