Uma sizwa igama elithi "ukuhlinzwa kobuchopho," umzimba wethu uyaba ndikindiki, akunjalo? Kufika ngokushesha engqondweni yethu njengento engathi sína kakhulu futhi eyingozi. Kunengqondo ukucabanga kanjalo ngoba empeleni kuwukuhlinzwa esikhungweni esiyinhloko esilawula wonke umzimba wethu. Kodwa ngokuthuthuka kwezokwelapha namuhla, ukuhlinzwa kobuchopho kuyindlela yokwelapha ephephile kakhulu futhi ephumelela kakhulu kunangaphambili. Ngakho-ke, ukuze sisuse ukwesaba nokungabaza ngalokhu, ake sixoxe ngokuthi kuyini ngempela ukuhlinzwa kobuchopho.
Kalula nje, kuyini lokhu kuhlinzwa kobuchopho?
Ukuhlinzwa kobuchopho inqubo elapha isimo esingavamile noma inkinga ebuchosheni bakho noma ezungeze bona. Njengoba wazi, ubuchopho buyisikhungo esiyinhloko sokulawula umzimba wethu. Siyakhuluma, sicabanga, sihamba, siyakhumbula, futhi konke okunye kulawulwa ubuchopho. Ngakho-ke umgomo oyinhloko walokhu kuhlinzwa ukwelapha inkinga ebuchosheni, ngaphandle kokulimaza izinqubo ezibalulekile okukhulunywe ngazo ngenhla.
Kunezizathu eziningana zokuthi kungani lolu hlobo lokuhlinzwa lungenziwa. Isibonelo, lwenziwa ukuze kususwe isimila sobuchopho, kususwe ingxenye yobuchopho ngenxa yesimo esifana nesifo sokuwa, noma ukunciphisa ingcindezi eyengeziwe ngaphakathi kobuchopho ngenxa yokuqhekeka kwegazi noma esinye isizathu. Ukuhlinzwa kobuchopho kusetshenziselwa futhi ukwelapha izimo ezifana nemithambo yegazi engajwayelekile ebuchosheni (ama-aneurysms).
Kunezingozi ezithile ezihlobene nalokhu kuhlinzwa, yingakho uzogcinwa esibhedlela ngemva kokuhlinzwa futhi ithimba lezokwelapha lizokuqapha ngokucophelela ukululama kwakho.
Ubani owenza lokhu kuhlinzwa?
Ukuhlinzwa kobuchopho kwenziwa udokotela ohlinza izinzwa . Usizwa yithimba elikhulu lodokotela nabahlengikazi abaqeqeshwe ngokukhethekile. Udokotela obulala izinzwa ukhona futhi ukuze akunikeze imithi yokubulala izinzwa edingekayo ukuze ungezwa ubuhlungu ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa.
Yiziphi izinhlobo eziyinhloko zokuhlinzwa kobuchopho?
Kunezinhlobo eziningana zokuhlinzwa kobuchopho. Akuwona wonke umuntu ophathwa ngendlela efanayo. Odokotela bazonquma uhlobo lokuhlinzwa olufanele kakhulu ngokusekelwe esimweni sakho. Ake sibheke ezinye zezinhlobo zokuhlinzwa ezivame kakhulu.
| Uhlobo lokuhlinzwa | Kalula nje, kwenzekani ngalokhu? |
|---|---|
| Ukuhlolwa kwebhayoloji | Kuthathwa isampula encane kakhulu yezicubu noma uketshezi ebuchosheni bese kuhlolwa. Lokhu kwenziwa ikakhulukazi ukuthola ukuthi isimila ebuchosheni sinomdlavuza yini. Ngezinye izikhathi, lesi sampula singathathwa ngaphandle kokuvula ugebhezi, kusetshenziswa ithuluzi elincane elifana nenaliti. |
| Ukuhlinzwa kwe-craniotomy | Yilokhu esivame ukukubiza ngokuthi 'ukuhlinzwa kobuchopho okuvulekile'. Lapha, udokotela ohlinzayo ususa ingxenye encane yogebhezi okwesikhashana ukuze afinyelele ebuchosheni. Ngemuva kwalokho, kwenziwa ukwelashwa okudingekayo (njengokususa isimila noma ihlule legazi) bese ingxenye yogebhezi esusiwe ihlanganiswa kabusha. |
| Ukuhlinzwa kwe-craniectomy | Lokhu kufana nendlela okukhulunywe ngayo ngenhla. Kodwa-ke, lapha ingxenye yogebhezi esusiwe ayixhunywanga ngokushesha. Isizathu salokhu ukuvimba ingcindezi ukuthi ingakhuli ngenxa yokuthi kungenzeka ukuthi ubuchopho buvuvuke ngemva kokuhlinzwa. Kamuva, ingxenye yogebhezi ixhunywa kabusha ekuhlinzeni okuhlukile. |
| Ukukhuthazwa Kobuchopho Obujulile (i-DBS) | Ukwelashwa kwezimo zezinzwa ezifana nesifo sikaParkinson. Kulokhu, ama-electrode afakwa ngaphakathi ebuchosheni. Idivayisi encane engaphandle komzimba ithumela izimpawu zikagesi ngala ma-electrode ukulawula lesi simo. |
| Ukuhlinzwa Kwemithambo Yegazi | Indlela yesimanje engavuli ugebhezi. Lapha, kwenziwa ukusikwa okuncane kakhulu endaweni yembobo, bese kufakwa ithubhu elincane kakhulu elibizwa ngokuthi i-catheter ngalo emthanjeni wegazi. Leli thubhu lidluliselwa emthanjeni wegazi liye ebuchosheni ukuze kususwe amahlule egazi noma kulungiswe imithambo yegazi. |
| I-Neuroendoscopy | Lena futhi inqubo engangenisi kakhulu. Esikhundleni sokusika ugebhezi, ithubhu elincane elinekhamera enamathiselwe, ebizwa ngokuthi i-endoscope, lidluliselwa ebuchosheni ngekhala noma ngomlomo. Izinsimbi zokuhlinza zibe sezidluliselwa ngethubhu ukuze kwenziwe izinto ezifana nokususa izimila. |
Yiziphi izinhlobo zezimo eziphathwa ngokuhlinzwa kobuchopho?
Kunezizathu eziningana zokuthi kungani ukuhlinzwa kobuchopho kunganconywa. Ezinye zazo zifaka:
- Izimila Zobuchopho
- Amahlule Egazi Ebuchosheni
- Ama-Aneurysms obuchopho
- Isifo Sokuxhuzula
- Ukulimala Kobuchopho Obubuhlungu Nokuphuka Kwekhanda
- Ukopha okuya ebuchosheni (i-Hemorrhages)
- Ukuqongelela koketshezi ebuchosheni (i-Hydrocephalus)
- Isifo sohlangothi
- Isifo sikaParkinson
Ulungiselela kanjani ukuhlinzwa?
Ukuhlinzwa kobuchopho kuyinqubo ehlelwe kahle kakhulu, futhi ithimba lakho lezokwelapha lizokukulungiselela kahle.
Ukuhlolwa kwangaphambi kokuhlinzwa
Ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa, udokotela wakho uzokwenza ukuhlolwa ngokomzimba futhi enze ukuhlolwa kwegazi okuningana ukuqinisekisa ukuthi uphilile kahle. Ngaphezu kwalokho, bazokwenza ukuhlolwa okufana nalokhu okulandelayo ukuze bathole isithombe esicacile nesiningiliziwe sobuchopho bakho:
- Isikeni se-MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging)
- Iskeni se-CT (Computed Tomography)
- Isikeni se-PET (Positron Emission Tomography)
- I-Angiography - ukuhlola imithambo yegazi
Izithombe ezivela kulezi ziskeni zisiza udokotela ohlinzayo ukuthi athole ngokunembile indawo eqondile okudingeka ilashwe.
Kudingeka kwenziwe amalungiselelo nawe.
Udokotela wakho ohlinzayo uzokwazisa ngalokhu okulandelayo ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa:
- Ukushintsha imikhuba yakho yezempilo: Uma ubhema, kufanele uyeke ukubhema ngokuphelele okungenani amasonto ambalwa ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa . Ukubhema kwandisa ingozi yezinkinga ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa futhi kulibazise ukuphola kwenxeba.
- Ukuphathwa kwemithi: Kungase kudingeke uyeke ukuthatha imithi ethile (ikakhulukazi imithi yokunciphisa igazi) ezinsukwini ezimbalwa ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa. Udokotela wakho angase futhi ancome ukuqala imithi emisha yokuvimbela ukuvuvukala kobuchopho, izifo, noma ukuxhuzula.
- Ukuqonda Ukuhlinzwa: Udokotela wakho ohlinzayo uzochaza inqubo, imiphumela emibi engaba khona, nokuthi yini ongayilindela ngemva kokuhlinzwa. Buza noma yimiphi imibuzo noma ukukhathazeka ongase ube nakho ngaleso sikhathi.
Kwenzekani ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa?
Lokhu kuzohluka kuye ngohlobo lokuhlinzwa olwenziwayo. Isibonelo, ake sibheke isinyathelo ngesinyathelo ukuthi ungakwenza kanjani 'ukuhlinzwa kobuchopho okuvulekile' (`Craniotomy`).
1. Okokuqala, udokotela wezinzwa uzokufaka ngaphansi kwe-anesthesia ejwayelekile. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ngeke uzwe lutho, uzobe ulele.
2. Izinwele ezizungeze indawo yokuhlinzwa ziyasuswa futhi indawo ihlanzwe kahle.
3. Udokotela ohlinzayo usika isikhumba sekhanda.
4. Bese kususwa ingxenye encane yesikhumba sekhanda ngokucophelela kusetshenziswa ithuluzi elikhethekile lokuhlinza (`i-surgical drill`).
5. Manje njengoba ubuchopho sebufinyelelekile, ukwelashwa okudingekayo (isib., ukususa isimila, ukususa ihlule legazi) kuyenziwa.
6. Ngemva kokwelashwa sekuqediwe, ingxenye esusiwe yogebhezi ixhunywa kabusha endaweni yayo yokuqala, kusetshenziswa amapuleti amancane nezikulufo ezikhethekile.
7. Ekugcineni, ukusikwa okwenziwe esikhumbeni kuvalwa ngezithungo.
Okubalulekile: Akuzona zonke izinhlobo zokuhlinzwa ezihilela ukuvula ugebhezi. Ezinqubweni ezifana ne-'Neuroendoscopy', amathuluzi adluliselwa ekhaleni noma embotsheni yegazi emithanjeni yegazi ekuhlinzeni kwe-'Endovascular', okuvumela ukwelashwa kobuchopho ngaphandle kokwenza noma yikuphi ukusikwa okukhulu.
Ingabe ngizobe ngivukile ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa?
Lena inkinga abantu abaningi abanayo. Kwezinye izimo, yebo, ungagcinwa uphapheme ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa.
Ukuhlinzwa okuningi kuvame ukwenziwa ngenkathi uhlinzwa ngokuphelele. Kodwa-ke, ezinye izinhlobo zezimila zobuchopho kanye nokuhlinzwa kwesifo sokuwa zidinga ukuthi uphapheme. Ungakhathazeki, ikhanda lakho lizophelelwa yi-anesthetic, ngakho ngeke uzwe ubuhlungu.
Udokotela ohlinzayo wenza lokhu ukuze aqinisekise ngokuphelele ukuthi imisebenzi ebalulekile yobuchopho (njengokukhuluma nokunyakaza) ayonakaliswa. Ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa, odokotela bazokucela ukuthi ukhulume, uhlonze isithombe, noma uhambise ingalo noma umlenze. Uma wenza lezi zinto, udokotela ohlinzayo angenza ukuhlinzwa ngaphandle kokulimaza izingxenye zobuchopho ezihilelekile kulezo zinqubo.
Kwenzekani ngemva kokuhlinzwa? Ziyini izingozi?
Ngemva kokuhlinzwa, uzogcinwa esibhedlela ukuze uhlolwe izinsuku ezimbalwa. Ngemva kokuhlinzwa okuvulekile, ungahlala cishe izinsuku eziyi-10. Ungagcinwa futhi egunjini lokunakekelwa okujulile (ICU) usuku lokuqala noma ezimbili.
Kuvamile ukuzizwa ukhathele, ubuhlungu, futhi uphethwe yikhanda ngemva kokuhlinzwa. Ithimba lezokwelapha lizokunikeza amaphilisi okudambisa izinhlungu ukuze likusize ngalokhu. Uzophinde unikezwe imithi isikhathi esithile ngemva kokuhlinzwa.
Izinkinga ezingaba khona kanye nemiphumela emibi
Njenganoma yikuphi ukuhlinzwa, ukuhlinzwa kobuchopho kunezingozi ezithile.
| Uhlobo lwengozi | Yini efakiwe? |
|---|---|
| Izingozi ezivamile ezihambisana nokuhlinzwa | Ukopha, ukutheleleka, ukusabela okungekuhle ekubulaweni yizinzwa, ikhanda elibuhlungu. |
| Imiphumela emibi yesikhashana engase ivele ngemva kokuhlinzwa | Ubunzima bokukhuluma, ukuvuvukala kobuchopho, ukudideka, isiyezi, izinkinga zokuhamba noma ukulinganisela. |
| Izingozi zesikhathi eside | Izinguquko zokuziphatha, ukulahlekelwa yinkumbulo, izinkinga zokukhuluma, ubuthakathaka bezitho zomzimba, kanye nokulimala kobuchopho. |
Okubalulekile, lezi zingozi zincishiswe kakhulu ngamasu okuhlinzwa esimanje, angangenisi kakhulu. Udokotela wakho uzoxoxa ngokucacile ngezingozi eziqondene nesimo sakho.
Kuthatha isikhathi esingakanani ukuphulukiswa?
Lokhu kuyahlukahluka kuye ngohlobo lokuhlinzwa. Ngokuhlinzwa okungangenisi kakhulu, ungalulama emavikini ambalwa. Ngokuhlinzwa okuvulekile, kungathatha noma yikuphi kusukela emavikini ayisithupha kuya ezinyangeni eziningana ukuze ululame ngokugcwele.
Abanye abantu badinga ukuvuselelwa ngemva kokuhlinzwa, okusho ukusiza ukubuyisela ukusebenza komzimba okuvamile ngezinto ezifana nokwelashwa kokukhuluma kanye nokwelashwa ngokuzivocavoca.
Uzobona nini udokotela
Kuvamile ukuzwa ukungakhululeki ngemva kokuhlinzwa. Kodwa-ke, kunezimpawu ezithile okufanele uzazi. Uma unezinye zalezi zimpawu, tshela udokotela wakho ngokushesha:
- Ubunzima noma ukungakwazi ukulawula ukuchama.
- Ukulala okungajwayelekile noma ukuba nzima ukuvuka.
- Umkhuhlane, ukuhlanza, noma isicanucanu.
- Ikhanda elibuhlungu noma ukuqina kwentamo.
- Ukudideka okukhulu kwengqondo, ushintsho olukhulu ekuziphatheni.
- Ubunzima bokubona, ukuzwa, noma ukukhuluma.
- Ukuba ndikindiki noma ukulahlekelwa yimizwa ezandleni, ezinyaweni, noma ebusweni.
- Ukulahlekelwa ukwazi.
Lezi yizimo eziphuthumayo! Yiya eMnyangweni Wezimo Eziphuthumayo wesibhedlela (ETU) ngokushesha!
- Ubunzima bokuphefumula
- Ukuba nokuxhuzula (ukuxhuzula)
- Izimpawu zesifo sohlangothi (ukugoba kolunye uhlangothi lobuso, ukungazweli engalweni, ubunzima bokukhuluma)
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- Ukuhlinzwa kobuchopho kuyindlela yokwelapha ethuthukisiwe kakhulu futhi ephephile namuhla, ngakho-ke ungesabi ngokungadingekile.
- Kunezinhlobo eziningi zokuhlinzwa. Akuzona zonke izinhlobo zokuhlinzwa ezihilela ukuvula ugebhezi. Odokotela bazokhetha indlela ephephile nefanele kakhulu yesimo sakho.
- Kubaluleke kakhulu ukulandela imiyalelo kadokotela wakho ngokucophelela ngaphambi nangemva kokuhlinzwa. Vula kudokotela wakho nganoma yikuphi ukukhathazeka noma ukwesaba ongase ube nakho.
- Ukuhlinzwa kobuchopho kwenziwa ukuze kusindiswe izimpilo futhi kuthuthukiswe ikhwalithi yokuphila. Ngakho-ke, kuyindlela ebaluleke kakhulu yokwelapha izimo ezibucayi.
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