Abaningi bethu bayesaba lapho sizwa igama elithi ' Umdlavuza Webele', akunjalo? Kodwa bewazi ukuthi lokhu akuyona nje uhlobo olulodwa lwesifo, kunezinhlobo ezahlukene zaso? Ukwazi kahle ukuthi hlobo luni lomdlavuza onalo kubaluleke kakhulu ekunqumeni ukuthi yiluphi ukwelashwa ozoluthola. Ngakho-ke ake sixoxe ngalokhu kalula nangendlela enobungane namuhla. Ukwazi lezi zinto kuzoba amandla amakhulu kuwe.
Ukuhlukaniswa komdlavuza ngokuya ngokuthi uqala kuphi
Enye indlela odokotela abachaza ngayo umdlavuza webele ukuthi uqale kuphi emzimbeni nokuthi ususakazeke yini.
Kalula nje, iningi lomdlavuza webele liwuhlobo olubizwa ngokuthi i-carcinoma. Lokhu kusho ukuthi luqala ezicutshini ezingaphakathi kwebele nezinye izitho zomzimba. Iningi lalo liwela kuhlobo olubizwa ngokuthi i-adenocarcinoma. Lona umdlavuza oqala emigudwini ethwala ubisi noma ezinhlamvini ezikhiqiza ubisi (ama-lobule) ebele.
I-Ductal Carcinoma
Lolu uhlobo lomdlavuza webele oluvame kakhulu. Lunezingxenye ezimbili eziyinhloko.
1. I-Ductal Carcinoma In Situ (DCIS): Lesi yisigaba sokuqala somdlavuza webele. Igama elithi 'In Situ' lisho ukuthi "lapho ukhona." Lokhu kusho ukuthi amangqamuzana omdlavuza asengaphakathi kwemisele yobisi kuphela. Awasakazeki ngaphandle. Lolu hlobo lubangela cishe umdlavuza webele owodwa kwabahlanu osanda kutholakala. Ingxenye engcono kakhulu ukuthi lolu hlobo cishe lungelapheka ngokuphelele.
2. I-Invasive Ductal Carcinoma (IDC): Lolu uhlobo oluvame kakhulu lomdlavuza webele . Luhlanganisa cishe u-80% wabo bonke umdlavuza webele otholakale ukhona. Igama elithi 'Invasive' lisho ukuthi "ubudlova." Lokhu kusho ukuthi amangqamuzana omdlavuza asakazeke ngaphandle kwemisele yobisi futhi angene ezicutshini ezizungezile. Kunezinhlobo eziningana zalolu hlobo lwe-IDC. Nakuba ziyinkimbinkimbi kancane, ake sizibheke kalula.
| Uhlobo Oluncane lwe-IDC | Incazelo elula |
|---|---|
| I-Medullary Carcinoma | Iqanjwe ngokuthi ibukeka njengezicubu ezithambile ebuchosheni. Ayivamile kakhulu (ngaphansi kuka-5%). |
| I-Mucinous Carcinoma | Kukhona izinto eziningi ezifana ne-mucus (i-mucin) ezizungeze amangqamuzana omdlavuza. Lokhu nakho akuvamile (ngaphansi kuka-2%). |
| I-Tubular Carcinoma | Amaseli omdlavuza anezakhiwo ezifana namashubhu ngaphakathi kwawo. Lawa avame ukukhula abe yizicucu futhi asabela kahle ekwelashweni. |
| I-Papillary Carcinoma | Kunezindawo eziphakeme ezifana neminwe (ama-papules) zamaseli omdlavuza. Zivamile kwabesifazane asebekhulile. |
| I-Cribriform Carcinoma | Iphethini efana nentaba ingabonakala phakathi kwamangqamuzana alo mdlavuza ongavamile. |
I-Lobular Carcinoma
Kulolu hlobo, amangqamuzana angavamile akhula ongqimbeni lwezindlala ezikhiqiza ubisi (ama-lobule) ebeleni.
- I-Invasive Lobular Carcinoma (ILC): Lolu uhlobo lwesibili oluvame kakhulu lomdlavuza webele. Lolu hlobo lomdlavuza luqala ebeleni bese lusakazekela ezicutshini ezizungezile. Lungabe selusakazekela kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba, njengezinhlayiya ze-lymph.
- I-Lobular Carcinoma in Situ (LCIS): Ungakhathazeki ngaleli gama. Odokotela ababheki i-LCIS njengomdlavuza ngoba ayisabalali ngaphandle kwebele. Kodwa-ke, ukuba ne-LCIS kusho ukuthi usengozini enkulu yokuba nomdlavuza webele esikhathini esizayo.
Ezinye izinhlobo ezingavamile zomdlavuza webele
Lokhu akuvamile kakhulu, kodwa kufanelekile ukukwazi.
- Umdlavuza webele ovuvukalayo: Lona uhlobo olungavamile kakhulu (olungaphansi kuka-5%) futhi olubi kakhulu. Izimpawu zawo zihlukile kwezinye. Amaseli omdlavuza avimba imithambo ye-lymphatic ebeleni. Lokhu kubangela ukuthi ibele livuvuke, libe bomvu, futhi isikhumba siqine . Ngezinye izikhathi isikhumba sebele singaba nombala we-orange peel . Lolu hlobo lungasakazeka ngokushesha.
- I-Phyllodes Tumor: Lezi yizimila ezingavamile ezakheka ezicutshini ezixhumanisayo zebele. Yinye kuphela kwezine zazo eziba nomdlavuza. Ezinye ziyizimila ezingenabungozi.
- I-Angiosarcoma: Lo mdlavuza uvela olwelwesini lwemithambo yegazi kanye nemithambo ye-lymph. Uvame kakhulu kubantu abaneminyaka engaphezu kuka-70.
- Isifo SikaPaget : Lokhu futhi akuvamile kakhulu. Umdlavuza okhula engonweni nasezindaweni ezizungezile (i-areola). Isikhumba sengono singase sibe namaxolo, sibe bomvu, futhi silume . Abantu abaningi abanesifo sikaPaget nabo banohlobo lomdlavuza olubizwa ngokuthi i-DCIS noma i-IDC.
- Umdlavuza Webele Owe-Metastatic: 'Metastatic' kusho ukuthi umdlavuza ususakazeke ngaphandle kwebele waya kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba. Odokotela babiza lokhu ngokuthi "okuthuthukisiwe" noma "isigaba sesi-4." Ngokuvamile usakazeka esibindini, ebuchosheni, emathanjeni, noma emaphashini.
Into ebalulekile ukuthi, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi uhlobo luni lomdlavuza, amathuba okululama aphezulu kakhulu uma utholakala kusenesikhathi futhi welashwa ngendlela efanele.
Ukuhlukaniswa komdlavuza ngezakhi zofuzo nama-hormone
Ngemva kokuthola ukuthi unomdlavuza webele, udokotela wakho uzokwenza izivivinyo ezikhethekile kumaseli omdlavuza ukuze abone ukuthi ama-hormone i-estrogen noma i-progesterone , noma uma kukhona izakhi zofuzo ezithile, ayakuthinta yini ukukhula komdlavuza.
Kukulezi zivivinyo lapho udokotela ekhetha khona ukwelashwa okufanele kakhulu nokuqondiswe kuwe.
- I-HER2-positive: Cishe umdlavuza webele owodwa kwabahlanu uqukethe iphrotheni ebizwa ngokuthi i-`HER2` (i-Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2). Le phrotheni isiza amangqamuzana omdlavuza ukuba akhule. Umdlavuza we-HER2-positive ungaba nolaka kakhulu. Kodwa kunezindlela zokwelapha eziqondiwe eziqondiswe kule phrotheni, okwenza kube lula ukuzelapha.
- I-Hormone Receptor-positive noma negative: Amanye amangqamuzana omdlavuza anezindawo ezikhethekile (ama-receptor) ebusweni bawo ama-hormone anganamathela kuzo. Cabanga ngeseli njengomnyango, futhi la ma-receptor afana nezimbobo zokhiye ezikuwo.
- I-ER-positive: Amaseli omdlavuza anezitho zokwamukela ezingabopha i-hormone i-estrogen.
- I-PR-positive: Amaseli omdlavuza anezitho zokwamukela ezingabopha i-hormone i-progesterone.
- I-hormone receptor-positive isho ukuthi kukhona eyodwa noma zombili lezi ezimbili. Ngenxa yokuthi ama-hormone asiza lezi zinhlobo zomdlavuza ukukhula, angelashwa ngempumelelo ngemithi evimba ama-hormone (ukwelashwa ngama-hormone).
- I-hormone-receptor-negative isho ukuthi womabili la ma-receptor awekho.
- I-Triple-negative: Lolu hlobo lubalelwa cishe ku-15% wamacala. Njengoba igama lisho, la maseli omdlavuza ane-estrogen receptors (ama-ETR)., ama-progesterone receptors (PR) kanye ne-HER2 awekho. Ngakho-ke, ayinakwelashwa ngokwelashwa ngama-hormone noma ngokwelashwa okuqondiswe ku-HER2. Lokhu kungenza ukwelashwa kube nzima kancane, kodwa kunezinye izindlela zokwelapha ezitholakalayo, njenge-chemotherapy.
Uma usuwazi ukuthi uluhlobo luni lomdlavuza onalo, khuluma nodokotela wakho ngokukhululekile ngokuthi luthinta kanjani amathuba akho okululama nokuthi yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha ezingcono kakhulu. Ungesabi ukubuza yonke imibuzo.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- Umdlavuza webele awusona isifo esisodwa, kunezinhlobo eziningi ezahlukene.
- Uhlobo lomdlavuza onalo luncike ekutheni uqale kuphi ebeleni (imibhobho/izindlala zobisi), ukuthi usabalale yini, nokuthi ngabe uthintwe ama-hormone athile (ER, PR) noma amaprotheni (HER2).
- Ezinye izinhlobo, njenge-DCIS, zinezinga eliphezulu kakhulu lokuphulukiswa, kanti izinhlobo ezifana nomdlavuza webele ovuvukalayo zingaba nolaka kakhulu.
- Ukwazi isimo samahomoni kanye nesofuzo (i-receptor) somdlavuza wakho kubalulekile ekukunikezeni ukwelashwa okusebenzayo nokuqondiswe kakhulu.
- Ungalokothi unqikaze ukuxoxa nganoma yimiphi imibuzo onayo mayelana nokuxilongwa kwakho, uhlobo lomdlavuza, kanye nohlelo lokwelashwa nodokotela wakho. Ukwaziswa kuyingxenye yempi oyinqobile.
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