Kumelwe ukuba uzwile izindaba eziningi ezifana nokuthi “Uma udla leyo nto, uzothola umdlavuza”, “Uma uthinta lokhu, uzothola umdlavuza”. Ngezinye izikhathi awukwazi ngisho nokubona ukuthi lezi ziyiqiniso noma zingamanga. Kodwa empeleni, kunezinto ezisizungezile, ezintweni esizisebenzisayo, nasezintweni esizidlayo nesiphuzayo ezandisa ingozi yokuba nomdlavuza. Lezo yizinto esizibiza ngokuthi “ama-carcinogen” kwezokwelapha. Ngakho-ke ake sithole ngqo ngalokhu namuhla. Ungesabi, ukuqaphela lokhu kuyisinyathelo esingcono kakhulu sokuzivikela kumdlavuza.
Kalula nje, ziyini lezi zinto ezibangela umdlavuza?
Kalula nje, i-carcinogen yinoma yini ekhulisa ingozi yomdlavuza emizimbeni yethu. Kungaba yinto efana nento ethile, imisebe, noma igciwane. Kuze kube manje, ososayensi sebethole izinto ezinjalo ezingaphezu kwe-100 ezibangela umdlavuza.
Cabanga ngalaba ababangela umdlavuza njengabangane ababi abanikeza amangqamuzana emizimba yethu iziqondiso ezingalungile. Uma bengena emizimbeni yethu, banikeza iziqondiso ezingalungile kumangqamuzana aphilile, okubangela ukuba ahlukane ngokungalawuleki. Yileyo ndlela isimila somdlavuza noma i-leukemia eqala ngayo.
Into ebalulekile ukuthi akuwona wonke umuntu obhekene nomdlavuza ozoba nomdlavuza, kodwa ngokuqinisekile kwandisa ingozi.
Lezi zinto ezibangela umdlavuza ziwubangela kanjani umdlavuza emzimbeni?
Ukuze siqonde lokhu, sidinga ukwazi okuncane ngezakhi zofuzo zomzimba wethu.
Ake sithi umzimba wethu ungumshini oyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu. Kukhona incwadi equkethe yonke imiyalelo yokusebenza kwalo mshini. Le ncwadi siyibiza ngokuthi i-DNA . Le DNA ingaphakathi kwezakhi zofuzo zethu. Le ncwadi ye-DNA iqukethe yonke imiyalelo yokuthi amangqamuzana ethu kufanele aziphathe kanjani, ukuthi ahlukane nini, nokuthi kufanele ame nini.
Uma i-carcinogen ingena emzimbeni, ingcolisa le ncwadi yemiyalelo ebizwa ngokuthi i-DNA. Kufana nokuklebhula amakhasi encwadi bese ubhala izinto ezingalungile.
- Ezinye izinto ezibangela umdlavuza ziya ngqo ku-DNA bese zilimaze.
- Ngezinye izikhathi, izindlela zomzimba wethu zokulungisa umonakalo ku-DNA zibuthakathaka yilezi zinto ezibangela umdlavuza.
Uma i-DNA yonakele ngandlela thile, okungukuthi, lapho kubhalwa amaphutha encwadini yemiyalelo, kwenzeka izinguquko (ukuguqulwa kwezakhi zofuzo) kuma-gene. Ngenxa yale miyalelo engalungile, amaseli athola imiyalo efana nokuthi "hlukana ngokushesha, ungayeki." Yilapho amaseli eqala ukuhlukana ngokungalawuleki futhi akhe izimila zomdlavuza.
Lokhu akwenzeki ngosuku olulodwa noma ezimbili. Ama-carcinogens aqoqana emizimbeni yethu kancane kancane, futhi kuthatha iminyaka ukwenza lo monakalo.
Singazifaka kanjani lezi zinto ezibangela umdlavuza emizimbeni yethu?
Sibhekene nalezi zinto ezibangela umdlavuza ngokungazi ekuphileni kwethu kwansuku zonke. Ake sibone ukuthi kanjani.
- Ngenxa yemikhuba yethu yokuphila:Ukusetshenziswa kukagwayi (ugwayi, ama-beedis, ugwayi ohlafunwayo) kanye nokuphuza utshwala yizimbangela ezimbili eziyinhloko.
- Emsebenzini: Amakhemikhali asetshenziswa kwamanye amafektri, amapulazi, kanye nezindawo zokwakha angaba umdlavuza.
- Ukutheleleka ngegciwane: Amanye amagciwane, njenge-human papillomavirus (HPV), angabangela umdlavuza.
Kodwa-ke, ingozi yokuthola umdlavuza ngenxa yokuchayeka ku-carcinogen incike ezintweni eziningana.
- Isikhathi osithole ubhema ngaso: Isibonelo, ingozi yomuntu osebheme iminyaka eminingi iphakeme kakhulu kunomuntu ongakaze abheme.
- Inani lokuchayeka: Ingozi kumuntu ophuza ibhodlela lotshwala ngosuku inkulu kunomuntu ophuza kancane kaningi.
- Amathonya ezakhi zofuzo: Abanye abantu banomlando womndeni womdlavuza. Lokhu kusho ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthi bazuze izakhi zofuzo ezandisa ingozi yabo yokuba nomdlavuza. Uma umuntu onjalo evezwa yi-carcinogen, ingozi yakhe iphakeme kuneyabanye.
Yiziphi izinhlobo eziyinhloko zezinto ezibangela umdlavuza?
I-International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) ihlukanise izinto ezibangela umdlavuza ngamaqembu amathathu amakhulu.
1. Izinto ezibangela umdlavuza emzimbeni: Lokhu kufaka phakathi izinhlobo zemisebe. Izibonelo zifaka imisebe ye-ultraviolet evela elangeni kanye nemisebe ye-ionizing evela ezivivinyweni zezokwelapha ezifana ne-X-ray.
2. Amakhemikhali abangela umdlavuza: Lawa yiwona esichayeka kakhulu kuwo ekuphileni kwethu kwansuku zonke. Izibonelo zifaka phakathi i-asbestos, amakhemikhali kugwayi, utshwala, i-aflatoxin, isikhunta esikhula ekudleni okuthile, kanye ne-arsenic, engatholakala ngokwemvelo emanzini nasenhlabathini.
3. Izinto ezibangela umdlavuza emzimbeni: Lezi izifo ezibangelwa amagciwane athile, amabhaktheriya, noma ama-parasite.
Ezinye zezinto ezibangela umdlavuza ezivame kakhulu phakathi kwethu
Manje ake sibheke ezinye zezinto ezibangela umdlavuza eziseduze kakhulu nezimpilo zethu futhi okufanele siziqaphele. Lolu lwazi luzoba lula kuwe ukuluqonda etafuleni.
| I-carcinogenic | Incazelo kanye nomdlavuza ohlobene nawo |
|---|---|
| Utshwala | Uma uphuza utshwala obuningi, kulapho ingozi yakho yokuthola izinhlobo eziningana zomdlavuza ikhuphuka khona, okuhlanganisa umdlavuza wekhanda nentamo, umdlavuza wesibindi, kanye nomdlavuza womphimbo. |
| Ugwayi | Ugwayi, ama-beedis, ugwayi, ugwayi ongenantuthu (i-mawa, i-babul) ngisho nokuchayeka entuthwini esetshenziswa abantu ababili kuyizimbangela ezinkulu zomdlavuza wamaphaphu. Lokhu kuyimbangela eyinhloko yomdlavuza wamaphaphu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kubangela umdlavuza omningi njengomdlavuza womlomo nomdlavuza womphimbo. |
| Imisebe ye-UV ekukhanyeni kwelanga | Lokhu kuyinto okufanele uyiqaphele uma uhlala ezweni elinelanga elifana nelethu. Ukuchayeka elangeni kakhulu kwandisa ingozi yomdlavuza wesikhumba. |
| Inyama ecutshunguliwe | Ukudla njalo inyama efakwe usawoti, ebhemayo, noma egcinwe ngenye indlela (isib. amasoseji, ubhekeni, i-ham) kungandisa ingozi yomdlavuza we-colon. |
| I-Asbestos | Yayisetshenziswa kabanzi njengento yokuvikela izakhiwo ezindala kanye nakumashidi okufulela. Ukuphefumula imicu yayo emihle kungabangela i-mesothelioma ebulalayo kanye neminye imidlavuza yamaphaphu, uhlobo lomdlavuza wamaphaphu. |
| I-Radon | Lena igesi engenaphunga noma umbala. Le gesi ivela ngokwemvelo enhlabathini nasemadwaleni, futhi ngezinye izikhathi ingaqongelela ngaphakathi kwezakhiwo. Ibhekwa njengembangela yesibili ehamba phambili yomdlavuza wamaphaphu ngemva kokubhema. |
Yini esingayenza ukuze sizivikele ezifweni ezibangela umdlavuza?
Konke lokhu kungase kuzwakale kusabisa, kodwa ingxenye engcono kakhulu ukuthi singathatha izinyathelo zokuzivikela ezibangela umdlavuza esingazilawula.
Khumbula, izinto ezibangela umdlavuza eziyinhloko ezandisa ingozi yomdlavuza zihlobene nemikhuba yethu yokuphila. Lokho kusho ukuthi singazishintsha lezo mikhuba thina ngokwethu.
- Gwema ugwayi ngokuphelele: Uma ubhema, funa usizo lokuyeka. Gwema ngisho nokuchayeka entuthwini yokubhema.
- Yeka noma unciphise ukusetshenziswa kotshwala: Kungcono ukuyeka ngokuphelele. Uma kungenzeki, nciphisa kube yinani elincane kakhulu.
- Zivikele elangeni: Gwema ukuba selangeni, ikakhulukazi phakathi kuka-10 ekuseni no-4 ntambama. Uma uphuma, sebenzisa isambulela nesigqoko. Ukufaka umuthi wokuvikela ilanga nakho kubaluleke kakhulu.
- Yidla ukudla okunempilo: Nciphisa inyama ecutshunguliwe bese udla imifino eminingi, izithelo, kanye nokolweni ophelele.
- Goma: Kunemithi yokugoma yokuvikela amagciwane abangela umdlavuza. Isibonelo, ungagoma i-HPV, okuyimbangela enkulu yomdlavuza wesibeletho, kanye ne-Hepatitis B, engabangela umdlavuza wesibindi.
- Nakekela ukuphepha endaweni yokusebenza: Uma usebenza ngamakhemikhali, sebenzisa imishini yokuzivikela efanele (imaski yobuso, amagilavu) ngendlela efanele.
Ingabe kufanele ngikhulume nodokotela wami ngengozi yami yomdlavuza?
Yebo, impela. Uma unokungabaza noma ukukhathazeka ngalokhu, kungcono ukukhuluma nodokotela womndeni wakho noma udokotela ngakho.
Ngokuqondene,
- Uma ubhema noma uphuza utshwala njalo.
- Uma othile emndenini wakho eke waba nomdlavuza (funda ngengozi yofuzo).
- Uma ucabanga ukuthi umsebenzi wakho ukukuchaya ezibangela umdlavuza.
Udokotela wakho uzocabangela impilo yakho iyonke kanye nendlela yakho yokuphila, achaze ubungozi bakho, futhi, uma kudingeka, akunikeze iseluleko mayelana nokuhlolwa kokuhlolwa komdlavuza.
Ulwazi lungamandla. Ngokuqaphela lezi zinto ezibangela umdlavuza nokuthatha izinyathelo zokuzivikela kuzo, uzokwazi ukuphila impilo enempilo. Futhi uzokwazi ukuphila ngaphandle kokwesaba okungadingekile.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- I-carcinogen yinto eyandisa ingozi yokuba nomdlavuza, kodwa ukuchayeka kuyo akusho ukuthi umdlavuza uzokhula.
- Izinto ezibangela umdlavuza ezandisa kakhulu ingozi yethu yomdlavuza ugwayi notshwala. Lezi yizinto esingazilawula.
- Ingozi ingancishiswa kakhulu ngokuzivikela elangeni, ukudla ukudla okunempilo, nokuthola imijovo edingekayo.
- Uma unenkinga noma ukwesaba ngengozi yakho yomdlavuza, qiniseka ukuthi ukhuluma nodokotela wakho ngakho.
💬 Comments (0)
No comments yet. Be the first to share your thoughts here.
Add Your Comment