Sonke siyalesaba igama elithi "stroke," akunjalo? Kuyinto embi kakhulu engenzeka lapho ukugeleza kwegazi kuya ebuchosheni kunqamuka ngokuzumayo. Abantu abaningi bacabanga ukuthi lokhu kwenzeka ngenxa yenkinga yenhliziyo kuphela. Kodwa bewazi ukuthi ukuvaleka komthambo wegazi omkhulu entanyeni yakho nakho kungaba imbangela enkulu yokushaywa yisifo sohlangothi? Namuhla, sizokhuluma ngokuhlinzwa okukhethekile okusula ukuvaleka okunjalo futhi kubuyisele ukugeleza kwegazi ebuchosheni.
Kalula nje, kuyini i-Carotid Endarterectomy?
Cabanga ngemithambo emibili emikhulu enikeza igazi ebuchosheni bakho igijima entanyeni yakho nhlangothi zombili. Le mithambo yegazi ibizwa ngokuthi "i-Carotid Arteries." Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, izinto ezifana namafutha angafuneki kanye ne-cholesterol ekudleni esikudlayo ziqala ukwakheka ezindongeni zale mithambo yegazi. Kufana nothuli oluqongelela ngaphakathi kwepayipi lamanzi. Lokhu sikubiza ngokuthi i-plaque .
Njengoba le plaque ikhula ibe nkulu, iqala ukuvimba umthambo wegazi ngaphakathi. Lokhu kunciphisa inani legazi eligeleza liye ebuchosheni. Ngezinye izikhathi, ingxenye encane yale plaque ingaphuka futhi ivimbe ngokuphelele umthambo wegazi omncane ebuchosheni. Yilapho-ke kwenzeka khona isifo sohlangothi.
Ngakho-ke, i-carotid endarterectomy inqubo yokuhlinzwa evula umthambo we-carotid ovalekile, isuse i-plaque ebhajwe ngaphakathi, bese ihlanza futhi ithunge umthambo wegazi ndawonye. Kalula nje, imayelana nokuhlanza ukugeleza kwegazi. Lokhu kunganciphisa kakhulu ingozi yokushaywa yisifo sohlangothi.
Kukuziphi izimo lapho lokhu kuhlinzwa kunconywa khona?
Udokotela wakho ngeke akuncome lokhu kuhlinzwa ngokushesha. Uzokwenza isinqumo ngokusekelwe ekuhlolweni kwakho, ukuhlolwa okudingekayo, kanye nemiphumela. Lokhu kuhlinzwa ngokuvamile kunganconywa kumuntu onezimo ezilandelayo:
| Isimo | Incazelo elula |
|---|---|
| Izinga elibalulekile lokuvaleka | Uma ukuskena (i-ultrasound) kuqinisekisa ukuthi umthambo wakho we-carotid uvalwe ngaphezu kuka-50% yi-plaque. |
| Ukuba ne-mini-stroke (TIA) | Uma uke waba ne -Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA) ngaphambilini, okuyisibonakaliso esincane esiyisixwayiso esandulela isifo sohlangothi esikhulu (njengokukhuluma okungacacile imizuzu embalwa, ukulahlekelwa umuzwa ohlangothini olulodwa lomzimba). |
| Ukuba nesifo sohlangothi esincane | Uma usuvele unesifo sohlangothi esincane ngenxa yokuvaleka kwale mithambo yegazi. |
| Ukuvaleka okukhulu ngaphandle kwezimpawu | Ukuvimbela isifo sohlangothi esikhathini esizayo, noma ngabe awunazo izimpawu, uma ukuhlolwa kukhombisa ukuthi umthambo uvalekile kakhulu. |
Uzilungiselela kanjani ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa?
Ithimba lakho lezokwelapha lizokunikeza imiyalelo ngaphambi kwalokhu kuhlinzwa. Lokhu kungafaka:
- Ukuhlolwa okukhethekile: Ungase ucelwe ukuthi wenze amaskeni akhethekile njenge-`(Cerebral Angiogram)`, `(CT Angiography)` noma `(MR Angiography)` ukuze ufunde kabanzi ngesimo semithambo yakho ye-carotid kanye nobuchopho.
- Tshela udokotela wakho ngayo yonke imithi oyithathayo: Udinga ukutshela udokotela wakho ngakho konke, hhayi nje imithi kadokotela, kodwa futhi nemithi yokubulala izinhlungu, amavithamini, kanye nemithi yendabuko.
- Ukuyeka imithi ethile: Eminye imithi evimbela ukujiya kwegazi iyelulekwa ukuthi iyekwe ezinsukwini ezimbalwa ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa. Kodwa-ke, ezimweni eziningi, imithi efana ne-aspirin iyelulekwa ukuthi iqhubeke. Thola iseluleko esiqondile ngalokhu.
- Ukuyeka ukubhema: Uma ubhema, kufanele uyeke ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa. Kuzokusiza ukuthi ululame ngokushesha.
Indlela ukuhlinzwa okwenziwa ngayo
Lokhu kuhlinzwa kwenziwa esibhedlela. Ngokuvamile kuthatha cishe ihora noma amabili. Ungase unikezwe i-anesthesia ejwayelekile (ukulaliswa) noma i-anesthesia yendawo (okukwenza uzizwe ubuhlungu endaweni ezungeze intamo yakho kuphela). Uzonikezwa imithi yokukusiza uphumule, noma ngabe uzizwa ubuhlungu.
Udokotela ohlinzayo ulandela lezi zinyathelo:
1. Kwenziwa ukusikwa okuncane okungaba amasentimitha angu-1.5 entanyeni, lapho umthambo wegazi uvalekile khona.
2. Njengoba ukopha ebuchosheni kungenakuvinjelwa ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa, uma kudingeka, kufakwa ipayipi elincane (i-shunt) ukuze liphambukise igazi okwesikhashana.
3. Ngemuva kwalokho, kwenziwa ukusikwa okuncane emthanjeni wegazi ovalekile bese ungqimba lwe-plaque olungaphakathi luhlanzwa ngokucophelela futhi lususwe.
4. Umthambo wegazi ube usuthungwa ndawonye. Ngokuvamile, kuthungwa "i-patch" ekhethekile ukuze indawo ihlale ibanzi futhi ingaphinde inciphe.
5. Ekugcineni, ipayipi lesikhashana liyasuswa bese ukugeleza kwegazi kubuyiselwa esimweni esijwayelekile.
Okubaluleke kakhulu, umgomo oyinhloko walokhu kuhlinzwa ukunciphisa ingozi yokushaywa yisifo sohlangothi. Uma kwenziwa yithimba lezokwelapha elinolwazi, lokhu kuhlinzwa kuphumelele kakhulu.
Yiziphi izinzuzo nezingozi?
Njenganoma yikuphi ukuhlinzwa, kunezingozi ezithile ezihilelekile, kodwa izinzuzo zidlula izingozi ezimweni eziningi.
Inzuzo eyinhloko: Ukuvikelwa ekushayweni yisifo sohlangothi esibi esikhathini esizayo.
Izingozi ezingaba khona:
- Ukopha
- Izimo ezithathelwanayo
- Amahlule egazi
- Ukulimala kwemizwa (okungavamile)
- Ukuba nesifo sohlangothi noma ukuhlaselwa yinhliziyo (okungavamile kakhulu)
- Ukuvaleka kabusha komthambo esikhathini esizayo
Le ngozi ingahluka kumuntu nomuntu. Kuncike ezintweni ezifana neminyaka yakho, ukuthi unezinye izimo zezokwelapha ezifana nesifo sikashukela noma isifo senhliziyo, kanye nobukhulu bokuvimbeka kwemithambo yegazi yakho. Udokotela wakho uzokuchazela konke lokhu.
Ngemva kokuhlinzwa kanye nesikhathi sokululama
Ngemva kokuhlinzwa, uzogcinwa esibhedlela cishe usuku lonke ukuze uhlolwe. Ngemva kwamahora ambalwa, uzokwazi ukudla nokuphuza ngendlela evamile. Ipayipi elincane (i-drain) lingafakwa entanyeni yakho ukuze kukhishwe uketshezi oluvela esilondeni. Lokhu kuvame ukususwa phakathi nosuku. Ungase ube nobuhlungu entanyeni cishe amasonto amabili. Ungathatha imithi yobuhlungu ejwayelekile ngalokhu.
Iningi labantu lingaya ekhaya ngosuku olulandelayo ngemuva kokuhlinzwa. Ungageza ngemva kokubuyela ekhaya, kodwa ungalihlikihli kakhulu inxeba. Ungabuyela emisebenzini evamile ngemva kwesonto noma amabili.
Izinguquko zendlela yokuphila zibaluleke kakhulu!
Ngisho noma ukuhlinzwa kuphumelele, kuzodingeka ushintshe indlela yakho yokuphila ukuze uvimbele lolu hlobo lwe-plaque ukuthi lungaphinde lwakheke.
- Jwayela ukudla okunempilo.
- Vivinya umzimba njengoba kuqondiswe udokotela wakho.
- Yeka ukubhema ngokuphelele.
- Nciphisa ukucindezeleka.
- Thatha imithi yakho ye-cholesterol kanye ne-blood pressure njengoba uyalelwe.
Uma unalezi zimpawu, shayela udokotela wakho ngokushesha.
Uma uhlangabezana nanoma yiziphi izimpawu ezilandelayo ngemva kokuhlinzwa kwakho, yazisa udokotela wakho ngokushesha noma uye eMnyangweni Wezimo Eziphuthumayo (ETU) wesibhedlela.
| Isici okufanele usiqaphele | Incazelo |
|---|---|
| Izinkinga ezihlobene namanxeba | Inxeba libomvu, livuvukile, futhi likhipha uketshezi oluphuzi noma oluhlaza okotshani. |
| Izimpawu zesifo sohlangothi | Ikhanda elibuhlungu ngokuzumayo, ubunzima bokukhuluma noma ukuqonda, isiyezi, ukungazweli ohlangothini olulodwa lomzimba, izinkinga zokubona. Lezi yizimo eziphuthumayo ezinkulu kakhulu. |
| Izimpawu ezivamile zokutheleleka | Umkhuhlane, ukubanda nokuthuthumela. |
| Ezinye izimpawu ezinkulu | Ubunzima bokuphefumula, ubuhlungu besifuba, ukuvuvukala kwemilenze, ubunzima bokugwinya. |
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- Ukuhlinzwa kwe-Carotid Endarterectomy kuyindlela ebaluleke kakhulu yokuhlinzwa eyenziwa ukuvimbela ukushaywa yisifo sohlangothi esikhathini esizayo okubangelwa ukugcinwa kwamafutha agcwele ukuvimba umthambo wegazi omkhulu entanyeni.
- Lokhu akuyona into eyenziwa yiwo wonke umuntu. Kunconywa kuphela uma kudingeka ngempela, ngemva kokuhlolwa okwenziwe udokotela wakho.
- Ukuze ukuhlinzwa kuphumelele, kubalulekile ukushintsha indlela yakho yokuphila ibe ngenempilo ukuze uvimbele lesi simo ukuthi singaphinde sibuye.
- Qaphela izimpawu ezingaba yingozi ezingase zivele ngemva kokuhlinzwa. Uma unenkinga, funa iseluleko sezokwelapha ngokushesha.
- Uma unemibuzo ngalokhu, ungesabi ukukhuluma nodokotela wakho bese uyixazulula.
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